CLASS

VI
Maths notes
Topic Roman Numerals

RULES:

a) If a symbol is repeated, its value is added as many times as it occurs.
Eg.
II is equal 2
XX = 10 +10 = 20
XXX = 10+10+10

b) A symbol is not repeated more than three times.
But the symbols V, L and D are never repeated.
Eg. Can we write 40 like XXXX
= 10+10+10+10
=40
Eg. Can we write 100 like LL
= 50+50=LL
Actually we don’t need to repeat V, L,D . Why?
VV makes 10 and we have a symbol for 10 that is X.
LL makes 100 and we have a symbol for 100 that is C.
DD makes 1000 and we have a symbol for 1000 that is M.

c) If a symbol of smaller value is written to the right of a symbol of greater value,

its value gets added to the value of greater symbol.
Eg.
VI = 5 + 1 =6
XI = 10 + 1 = 11

d) If a symbol of smaller value is written to the left of a symbol of greater value,

its value is subtracted from the value of the greater symbol.

Eg.
IV = 5 – 1 = 4
IX = 10 – 1 = 9

So,
XL = 50 – 10 = 40
LX = 50 + 10 = 60
 e) The symbols V, L and D are never written to the left of a symbol of greater
value, i.e. V, L and D are never subtracted.
The symbol I can be subtracted from V and X only.
The symbol X can be subtracted from L and C only.
99 = 100 –1
IC (The symbol I can be subtracted from V and X only.)
99 = 90 + 9
90 = 50 + 40 = LXXXX (A symbol is not repeated more than three times.)
90 = 100– 10= XC
9 = 10 –1 = IX
99 = 90 + 9 = XC IX

Convert Hindu- Arabic numerals to Roman numerals.

A) 69 = 50+10+09
= L X IX

B) 98 = 90 +8
=(100-10) + 8
= XCVIII

C) 2456= 2000+(500-100)+50+6
= MMCDLVI

• 2010 = 2000 + 10 = MMX

• 2020 = 2000 + 20 = MMXX
• YEAR OF INDEPENDENCE OF INDIA = 1947
= 1000 + 900 + 40 + 7
= M CM XL VII (900=1000– 100)
 Practice Time:
1) Show that each of the following is meaningless. Give reason in each case.
(i) VC
(ii) IL
(iii) VVII
(iv) IXX
2) Write the Hindu-Arabic numeral for each of the following:
(i) CCXLII
(ii) CDLXV
(iii) LXXVI
(iv) DCCXLI
(v) XCIV
(vi) CXCIX

3) Solve and write the result in roman numerals only
a) XV × XIII
b) CXLV + CCCLXIII
c) CDLXXXIII + DCCCL
d) MMDCCLIX - MCDLXIII
e) MDCXCV ÷ DLXV