CIVIL PROTOTYPING

Assignment 1
Roll No. B513
Ans1) : Interesting facts about bamboo tree are as follows:
1) Bamboo Is the fastest growing plant on the planet.
2) It is a quick-growing, versatile , non-timber forest product whose ratez of
biomass generation is unsurpassed Size of bamboo depends on the species.
3)Largest species of bamboo can reach 1300 feet in height.
4)Bamboo can grow either as woody, tall plant or as shorter, herbaceous plant.
5)Individual stems of bamboo are called culms. They arise from the underground
rhizome and emerge from the ground fully developed.
6)Flowers of bamboo are rarely seen. Some species of bamboo develop flowers
after 65 or 120 years. Interesting fact about flowering is that all plants of one
bamboo species develop flowers at the same time, no matter where they are
located in the world.
7)Besides from rhizome, bamboo can develop from the seeds arranged in clusters
at the end of the branches. Seeds by any other plants.
8) Bamboo can survive more than 120 years in the wild.
Ans2):
The species of bamboo are used for construction are as follows: 1)
Some 1575 different bamboo species are currently known. Species are
as follows: Bambusa atra Bambusa balcooa Bambusa bambos Bambusa
blumeana Bambusa burmanica Bambusa lako Bambusa membranacea
Bambusa polymorpha Bambusa vulgaris Gigantochloa apus
ANS 3
1) Bamboo courtyard teahouse by HWCD associates Most popular among
Dezeen readers is this floating tea house in Yangzhou, by Chinese
architects HWCD Associates, which is organised in asymmetric cubes that
sit on a lake. "The tea house is known as the bamboo courtyard as it mainly
uses bamboo to create an interesting play of vertical and horizontal lines,"
said the architect. "In some spaces, the vertical and horizontal elements
intensify to form a psychedelic perspective, evoking a profound sensory
perception.
2. Kontum Indochine Cafe by Vo Trong Nghia Architects
Second most popular is this waterside cafe with striking bamboo columns by
vo trong nghia, who featured in our series of interviews with architectS from
the new bamboo movement this week. The shape of the top-heavy columns
in this restaurant designed for the kontum indochine hotel in the designer's
home country of vietnam are a reference to traditional fishing baskets used
in the region and are echoed in the firm's designs for the country's milan
expo pavilion.
Ans4):
Advantages of bamboo construction:
1)Tensile strength: Bamboo has higher tensile strength than steel because its fibers run
axially.
2)Fire Resistance: Capability of bamboo to resist fire is very high and it can withstand
temperature up to 4000 C. This is due to the presence of high value of silicate acid and
water.
3) Elasticity: Bamboo is widely preferred in earthquake prone regions due to its elastic
features.
4)Weight of bamboo: Bamboos due to their low weight are easily displaced or installed
making it very easier for transportation and construction.
5) Unlike other building materials like cement and asbestos, bamboo poses no danger to
health.
6)They are cost effective and easy to use.
7)They are especially in great demand in earthquake prone areas.
Disadvantages of Bamboo:
1) They require preservation
2)Shrinkage: Bamboo shrinks much greater than any other type of timber especially when it
loses water.
3)Durability: Bamboo should be sufficiently treated against insect or fungus attack before
being utilized for building purposes.
4)Jointing: Despite prevalence of various techniques of jointing, structural reliability of
bamboo is questionable.
Ans5)
Durability of Bamboo Without any protective treatment, most bamboo species have an average
natural durability of less than 2 years. Stored under cover, untreated bamboo may last 4-7 years. These
variations in bamboo durability strongly depend on the species, the length of the culm, the thickness of
the wall, but also, and equally important, the time of harvesting The lower portion of the bamboo culm
is considered more durable, while the soft inner part of the wall deteriorates faster than the outer
harder portion. This is related to the anatomical and chemical nature of the woody cells. Although some
of the characteristics of bamboo resemble those of wood, its growth characteristics and microstructure is
different. Unlike timber varieties like teak, the structure of bamboo is void of toxic deposits. The large
amounts of starch present in bamboo makes it highly attractive to mold and fungi, termites and powder-
post beetles. They cause much damage during drying, storage, and subsequent use. Tests have also
shown that bamboo is more prone to soft rot and white rot attack than to brown rot. Bamboo consists of
50-70% hemicellulose, 30% pentosans, and 20-25% lignin. The lignin present in bamboos is unique, and
undergoes changes during the growth of the culm. Bamboo is also known to be rich in silica (0.5 to 4%),
but the entire silica is located in the outer layer (1 mm), with hardly any silica in the rest of the wall.
Bamboos also have minor amounts of waxes, resins and tannins, but none of these have enough toxicity
to improve its natural durability.
Q. 6
Elaborate: various failure modes of Bamboo structures. Failure due to
slenderness Trees in dense stands normally have a small crown growing very high
for phototropic reasons. The trees become increasingly top-heavy and at some
time they will fall over even under a moderate load. Trees with higher
slenderness have the risk to be first bend sideward by wind Failure due to
hollowness Older ancient tress usually become more and more hollow by the
work of wood destructing fungi. By the way tubes are also equally good for all
directions of bending, and are really light-weight structures as only the under
loaded middle has been removed. The results of a field study worked out in the
USA, Europe and Australia. The histogram shows hollow trees in relation to their
degree of hollowness divided in standing and broken
Q.7
Elaborate various ways of con ecting bambo
i. Double butt bent joint This type of bamboo joint creates a structure with two bamboo
poles To make this joint, at first we need two bamboo poles, a vertical one with the
diameter of “d”, and a horizontal one. Then calculate the dimension of the notch which
we need to cut on the horizontal bamboo pole.
ii. ii. Bolt connection Taking advantage of a secondary interlocking element, this type of
connection is widely used in context with rope connections. In this case, the bolts have to
transfer tractive and compressive forces. And this can be seen in garden fences and
furniture. make the plug-in bamboo connector, at first, we should drill on both sides of the
vertical and horizontal bamboo poles; note that the vertical one which will be interlocked
with a timber pin needs larger holes than the horizontal one. Second we use a timber pin
(also can be made of bamboo) to connect the two bamboo poles, which is then followed
by interlocking a bamboo wedge to strengthen the connection. At last we should cut the
waste part of the wedge and make the connector surface smooth. And if it is necessary,
we can also apply adhesive or rope to further strengthen the joints.
Q.8 What are various parts of bambo ? Which part is strongest?

Parts of Bamboo are node ,culm , branch etc. as shown in figure.

Node is the strongest part of bamboo
Q.9
What are Various test performed on bamboo?
1.Tension test Tension test is carried out to determine the tension failure of
the sample member as truss is only subjected to tension and compression. In
these testing we were carried out the flexural test on the member as fixture
for the sample is difficult to attach.
2.Joint tension test Joint tension test is used to determine the failure of the
joints and the keys. In this test the sample member is prepared in the form of
T joint and all the pins and keys are attached to it to form joint.
3.Compression test This test is carried out to determine compression failure of
bamboo.
References:
https://www.google.co.in
https://www.google.co.in/search? q=3.
VYOW1kpXJdCt0M:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambo