Analog Communication Systems laboratory

8*/5&3


SEMESTER


–∼

Submitted
By
'JTFIB
5BEEFTF
Reg.
No.:
18BEC

# 5FDI.
(BEC)
–
I*
YeaS

Name
of
the
School:
SENSE

VELLORE
INSTITUTE
OF
TECHNOLOGY

VELLORE
–
632014
TAMIL
NADU
INDIA

Date:

7–Jun–
 Amplitude Modulation
Aim: To generate the amplitude modulated signal. To
determine the percentage of modulation with various
amplitude and frequency of message and carrier signal
respectively.
Components Required:
BJT - BC107 - 1
Resistors - 10k,22k,1k,6.8k - 1
Capacitor - 0.01u - 1
Breadboard - 1
Arbitrary waveform Generator - 1
Dual Power supply (0-30v) - 1
Digital storage oscilloscope - 1
Circuit Diagram:
Model Graph:

Procedure:
· Connections are made as per the circuit
· Switch on +12v DC power supply
· Apply message signal of 1kHz frequency, 2Vpp
amplitude and the carrier signal of approximately
11kHz frequency, 15 Vpp amplitude
· Feed the modulating signal to the base terminal of the
transistor.
· From DSO, note down the Vmax and Vmin values
correspond to the maximum and minimum amplitudes
of AM signal in positive direction.
· Calculate the modulation index (m) using m=(Vmax-
Vmin)/(Vmax+Vmin)
· Repeat the experiment for varying amplitude of the
message or modulating signal.
 · The required graph is plotted showing the whole
process of modulation (m=1, m<1 and the other)
· The modulation index is calculated for theoretical and
practical values and suitable inferences are recovered.
Tabulation:

Inference:
1. Modulation index is direct proportion to message
signal amplitude
2. Carrier signal frequency should be more comparing
with message signal frequency to ensure proper
modulation.
3. Achieving critical modulation requires precise
adjustments in amplitude and frequency of both
message and carrier signal respectively
Result:
The amplitude modulated wave is generated for all types
of modulation index. Modulation index is calculated for
the generated AM signal and verified with theoretical
principle.
Simulation:
 Amplitude Demodulation
Aim: To detect the original message signal from the
amplitude modulated signal using envelope detector.
Components Required:
AM Generator - 20MHz - 1
Diode - OA79 - 1
Resistor - 10k,1k - 1
Capacitor - 0.01uF - 1
Bread board - 1
DSO - 200MHz - 1
Circuit Diagram:
Model Graph:

Procedure:
· Connect the output of AM input to the detector.
· Use Oscilloscope to look at the input to the
envelope detector. Adjust the modulation to
100%.
· Look at the output of envelope detector.
· The corresponding readings are noted and a graph
is plotted.
Inference:
Based on RC time constant value envelope
reproduction will vary. Hence RC values must be
properly chosen for exact reproduction of message
signal.
Result:
Thus the original message signal was obtained from
Amplitude Modulated signal using envelope detector.
Simulation:
AM generation and demodulation using matlab

clc;
clear all;
close all;
Am = 2;
Ac=5;
fm=5;
fc=50;
fs =10*fc;
mi=0.5;
t=0:1/fs:1;
Sm=Am*sin(2*pi*fm*t);
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,Sm);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Message Signal');
Sc=Ac*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,Sc);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Carrier Signal');
Sam=Ac*(1+mi*sin(2*pi*fm*t)).*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
subplot(4,1,3);plot(t,Sam);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('AM Signal');
v1 = Sam .* Sc;
[b,a] = butter(2,2*(fm/fs),'low');
Sde = filter(b,a,v1); subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,Sde);
xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Demodulated signal'); grid on;
N_pt=1024;
SFM = fft(Sam,N_pt);
figure('position',[100 100 1100 400]);
plot((fs./2)*linspace(0,1,N_pt./2),abs(SFM(1:N_pt./2)
))
AM with noise :
clc;
clear all;
close all;
vm = input('modulating signal amplitude = ' );
vc = input( 'carrier signal amplitude = ');
m= vm/vc;
fc = 100e+3;
fs = 1e+6;
fm = 1e+3;
t=0:1/
fs:((4/fm)-(1/fs));
x = cos(2*pi*fm*t);
AM = ammod(x,fc,fs,0,vc);
AMN = awgn(AM,20);
DAM = amdemod(AM,fc,fs,0,vc);
DAMN = amdemod(AMN,fc,fs,0,vc);
subplot(5,1,1);
plot(t,x);
title('Modulating signal');
ylabel('amplitude'); xlabel('time');
subplot(5,1,2);
plot(t,AM);
title(' AM modulated signal');
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
subplot(5,1,3);
plot(t,AMN);
title('AM modulated signal with noise');
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
subplot(5,1,4);
plot(t,DAM);
title('Demodulated signal ');
ylabel('amplitude'); xlabel('time');
subplot(5,1,5);
plot(t,DAMN);
title('Demodulated signal after adding noise');
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time'); d=DAMN-DAM;
figure(2); plot(t,d);
title('Noise');