NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Vestibulocochlear nerve – sensory
o Control centre of the body
ORGANS AND DIVISONS
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
o Brain - 85 billion neurons
o Spinal cord – 100 million neurons
o Processes many different kinds of
incoming sensory information (pain,
smell, vision, hearing, balance, etc.)
o Source of thoughts, emotions and
memories
o Most signals that stimulate muscles
to contract and glands to secrete
originate in CNS
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
o Pathway to brain
o Consists of all neuron tissue outside
CNS
COMPONENTS OF PNS
a. Nerve
o 12 pairs of cranial nerves
o 31 pairs of spinal nerve
b. Sensory receptor
o ex. Touch receptor in skin,
photoreceptors in the eye and
olfactory in nose
o monitor outer/inner environment
 Hypothalamus- sensitive when it
comes to temperature
12 CRANIAL NERVES
 Olfactory nerve - sensory
 Optic nerve – sensory
 Oculomotor – motor
 Trochlear nerve – motor
 Trigeminal nerve – both
 Abducens nerve – motor
 Facial nerve – both
 Glossyopharyngeal nerve – both
 Vagus nerve – both
 Accessory nerve – motor
 Hypoglossal nerve – motor
DIVISIONS OF PNS
1. Sensory/ afferent division
o Conveys input into CNS from
sensory receptors in body
2. Motor/ efferent division
o Conveys output from the CNS to
effectors (para kanino)
TYPES OF SENSES IN SENSORY DIVISION
1. Somatic
o Tactile, thermal, pain receptor,
balance
2. Special
o Equilibrium, smell, taste, hearing
SUBDIVISIONS OF MOTOR/ EFFERENT
1. Somatic Nervous System
o Conveys output from CNS to
skeletal muscles
o Includes voluntary actions
2. Autonomic Nervous System
o Conveys output from CNS to smooth
muscles, cardiac muscles and
glands
o Involves involuntary actions
DIVISIONS OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
1. Sympathetic Nervous System
o Fight or flight response
o Ex. Increased heart rate
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System
o Rest and digest
o Ex. Decreased heart rate
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 3. Enteric Nervous System o Tumor produced in glia cells
o Deglutition and mastication o Ex. Digodendroglion
o Extensive network of over 100 o Highly malignant
million neurons confined to the wall
TYPES OF GLIA CELLS
of the gastrointestinal tract

1. Astrocytes
FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
o Star-shaped cells that anchor small
1. Sensory function blood vessels to neurons
o Internal or external stimuli o Largest of all neuroglia
o Sends/ detects stimuli
TYPES OF ASTROCYTES
o Sends signal to brain
2. Integrative function a. Protoplasmic
o Making decisions in brain o Found in gray matter
o Processes info b. Fibrous
3. Motor function o More branching
o Illicit appropriate motor response o Found in white matter
o Either stimulate muscles to contract
FUNCTION OF ASTROCYTES
or secrete in glands
 Support neurons
CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Creates blood brain barrier
1. Neurons ( isolate neurons from potentially
o Classified according to function and harmful substances in blood by
direction separating blood from interstitial
a. Sensory fluids)
o Respond in afferent  Secrete chemicals to regulate
o Conduct impulses to spinal cord growth hormones and connection of

and brain neurons

b. Motor  Maintain appropriate chemical

o Impulse away from brain and environment for the generation of

spinal cord nerve impulses (Ex. K+)

o Efferent  Take up excess neurotransmitter

 Play role in learning and memory
c. Interneurons
 Influences formation of neural
o Impulse from sensory to motor
synapses
neurons
o Central/conducing neuron
2. Microglia
2. Glia/neuroglia
o Small cells that move in inflamed
o Supporting cells
brain tissue carrying on
o Smaller than neurons
phagocytosis
o Destroy foreign bodies in brain by
 Glioma
eating them (similar to WBC)

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3. Oligodendrocytes
o Form myelin sheaths around CNS
axons

 Myelin sheaths
o Increase travel or conduct of impulse
o cause higher response rate
o known as Schwann cells in PNS