Alloy Digest Copyright© ASM International® 2002

Filing Code: (X-49

Carbon Steel
AlSl 1035 JANUARY 1972
- DATA ON WORLD WIDE METALS AND ALLOYS
Publisbai by
Engineering Alloys Digest, Inc.
AISI 1035 Upper Montclair, New Jersey
(Medium Carbon Steel)
AISI 1035 is a medium-carbon steel used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil quenched and tempered or water quenched and tempered condition
for general purpose engineering and construction. It provides medium strength and toughness at low cost

Composition: Physical Constants: (Annealed) (Approx)

Carbon 0.32-0.38 Density, lb/cu in. 0.283
Manganese 0.60-0.90 Specitic gravity 7.83
Phosphorus 0.040 max Specific heat, Btu/lb/OF (122-212oF) 0.116
Sulfur 0.050 max (302-392oF) 0.123
Silicon 0.15-0.30* (662-752OF) 0.140
Iron Remainder Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr/sq ft/ft/oF (at 2120F) 29.4
*Silicon may be specified also at 0.10% max, Thermal coef. expansion/OF (32-2120F) 6.2 x 10-6
0.1@0.20%, 0.2@0.40% or 0.3@0.60%. (32-7520F) 7.5 x 10-6
(32-11120F) 8.1 x 10-6
Electrical resistivity, microhmcm (at 3ioF) 16.3
(at 212oF) 21.7
Modulus of elasticity, psi 29-30 x 106
PROPERTIES
Table 1 - TYPICAL ROOM-TEMPERATURE UNHARDENED PROPERTIES - l-in. Dia. Bar
Annealed Normalized
Hot (15500F, FC (165OOF, Air
Roiled to 120OoF, AC) Cooled)
Tensile strength, psi 83000 73000 81000
Yield point, psi 54000 48000 52000
Elongation (2 in.), % 27 30
Reduction of area, % 53 57 ::
Brinell hardness (3000 kg) 172 155 165
lzod Impact, ft-lb 45 42 58
FC = Furnace Cooled. AC = Air Cooled.

Table 2 - AS-QUENCHED ROCKWELL C HARDNESS

%in. Round l-in. Round 2-in. Round 4-in. Round
Location Water
-------- Oil Water Oil Water Oil Water Oil
Surface 52 24 48 22 40 RB90 RB94 RB86
l/2 Radius 52 19 22 20 RB95 RB89 RB92 RB86
Center 35 18 17 17 RB92 RB88 RB90 RB&
Tabte 3-TYPICAL ROOM-TEMPERATURE WATER-HARDENED PROPERTIES - l-in. Dia. Bar
(Normalized 1650oF, air cooled, reheated 1575oF, water quenched, tempered
as indicated) (As-quenched BrineB hardness 524)
Tempering Tensile Yield Elongation Reduction Brinell lzod
Strength Point (27 of Area Hardness
Temp~Fure psi Psi o/c (3000 kg.1 ‘yt’gt
400 125000 94000 16 43 502 7
600 122000 92000 17 52 421 14
800 114000 89000 22 58 327 65
1000 105000 80000 25 64 261
1100 99000 75000 27 66 235 f:
1200 90000 68000 30 68 204 89
1300 80000 60000 33 70 183 92
Table - TYPICAL ROOM-TEMPERATURE OIL-HARDENED PROPERTIES - l-in. Dia. By
4
(Normalized 1650°F, air cooled, reheated 1575oF, oil quenched, tempered
as indicated) (As-quenched BrineU hardness 257)
Tempering Tensile Yield Elongation Reduction Brinell lzod
Temperature Strength Point (2 in.) of Area Hardness Impact
OF psi psi % % (3000 kg.) (ft-lb)
400 107000 82000 18 48 235 41
600 105000 81000 20 54 229 48
800 98000 77000 22 55 207 52
1000 95000 68000 25 58 195 59
1100 90000 62000 28 63 182 63
1200 85000 57000 30 67 175 75
1300 79000 55000 34 70 161 79
Alloy Digest Copyright© ASM International® 2002

Table 5 - EFFECT OF MASS ON ROOM-TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

(Grain size 5-7) (Water quenched from 1575oF and tempered)
Tensile Yield Elongation Reduction ‘rod
Diameter Strength Point (2 in) of Area BrineIf Impact
ln. psi Psi % % Hardness ft-lb
Tempered at 1OOOoF
112 100000 78000 26 60 205
1 98000 73000 26 66 198
2 94000 67000 65 188
4 90000 60000 :z 64 181
Tempered at 1lOOoF
l/2 94000 67000 28 67 195 86
: 92000 66000 28 188 87
9oooo 62000 66: 181 100
4 87000 56000 :; 66 177 85
Tempered at 12000F
l/2 91000 66000 188
1
2
89000
85000
65000
58000
Ii
29
183
169 106
4 80000 52000 32 6790 161 97

Heat Treatment:
Critical Temperatures:
Ael = 13300F Ae3=1465oF
Ac3=1475oF
Acl= 13500F
MS = 7000F* Mgo= 515oF*
*Estimated
Maximum safe tempering temperature = 13000F.
Normalize: 160G1650oF.
Full anneal: 155Gl6500F.
Process Anneal (after cold work): 1050-12250F.
Harden: Heat to 1525-16OOoF,quench in oil or water, temper to
desired hardness. oil quenching minimizes distortion but will not
give maximum hardness.
Water or oil quenching is usually optional, although the medium
selected is governed by the sire, shape and properties desired.
Machinability:
AISI 1035 can be machined readily in the annealed, normalized
or quenched and tempered conditions. Annealed and cold-drawn
stock has a machinability rating of 6870% of B1112 steeL The
chips are continuous and semi-hard. It acquires a good surface
fish coupled with long tool life. In the annealed condition and
to some extent with normalizing, there is a tendency for tearing
which gives a poor surface finish.
Workability:
Hot working can be done satisfactorily in the range
225GlSOOoF. This steel cannot be cold worked extensively
without intermediate annealing. A sub-critical anneal will suffice
except when severe cold work has to be followed by further cold
work, then a fun anneal may be needed.
Weldability:
AfSl 1035 can be welded satisfactorily by all of the common
methods. However, preheating and postheating may be
necessary. There is usually less need for preheating and
postheating with gas-welding methods than with arc-welding
methods because in gas welding a larger area is heated and the
cooling rate is slower. The use of low-hydrogen electrodes is
recommended. Resistance welding and brazing also can be
employed successfully.
Scale Removal:
Acid pickling or blasting can be employed successfully.
Corrosion Resistance:
A&l 1035 steel will rust when brought into contact with
moisture and air at room temperature. If salts are present, the
corrosion rate may be increased. The steel is attacked readily by
acids, but is reasonably resistant to alkalis at ordinary
temperatures.
Small additions of copper increase its atmospheric corrosion
resistance.
Specification Equivalents:
SAE 1035.
ASTM A 4. A 94. A 105. A 106. A 107. A 108, A 273, A 284, A
289, A 29dand A 373.
AMS 508OC and AMS 5082.
QQ-S633a; QQS635a; QQ-S-00640; QQ-S-691a; QQ-T-830a;
QQ-W409a; and QQ-W-461e.
MfL-S-3289; MfL-T-11823; MlL-S-16900; MIL-S-19434; and
MIL-s-2319.
General Characteristics:
AISI 1035 has a low hardenability and can be hardened fully by
water quenching only in very thin sections. only partial
hardening can be achieved in heavier sections but the increase in
strength is substantial. Cold working-_produces sizeable increases
in Gdness and strength.
This medium-carbon steel is used where its strength and
hardness, developed on heat treatment or cold working, are
sufficient to meet service conditions with respect to strength and
wear resistance. It may be oil or water hardened and is then
tempered to the desired hardness of about 160 to 245 BrineU.
AISI 1035 lends itself weU to induction and flame hardening.
Forms Available:
Bars, rods, wire, pipe, tubing, forgings, billets, plate, sheet and
castings.
Applications:
Shafts, axles, pins, bolts, rods, gears, pinions, coupling, trusses,
sealing rings, chain pins, track links, tools for blanking, cold
extrusion and drawing, bulldozer edges, cold-headed products
and hand tools.
Manufacturer:
Practically all carbon steel mills and foundries.