g]kfn ;/sf/

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s laefu
-8f]ln8f/_

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ lgb]{lzsf

(RURAL ROAD MAINTENANCE DIRECTIVE)
-g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGq:t/af6 ldlt @)^$÷!@÷& df :jLs[t_

kmfNu'0f @)^$
 e"ldsf
of] u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ lgb{]lzsf ;8s dd{t — ;+ef/ sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] sfdbf/, OndL
Pj+ k|fljlwsx? / lh=lj=;=sf] nflu sfd ug{ ;lhnf] / ;/n xf];\ eGg] clek|fon] tof/ ul/Psf]
xf] . ;j{k|yd u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t tyf ;+ef/ sfo{nfO{ of]hgfa4, k|efjsf/L tyf Ps?ktf lbg]
x]t'n] of] lgb{]lzsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o; lgb{]lzsfn] ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf / Joj:yfkg
b'j}kIfnfO{ ;3fpg]5 / ;+ef/ sfo{ ;DkGg ug{] tkm{ plrt k|fljlws lbzfjf]w k|bfg ug]{5 . o:tf]
lgb{]lzsfsf] cfjZostf lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t tyf ;+ef/ sfo{x?sf] ljljw k|sf/ / ;do
;dodf ul/g' kg]{ dd{t ;+ef/ sfo{nfO{ ;kmn / Jojxfl/s agfpg] k|of;sf] ;+be{df dx;';
ul/Psf] xf] . o;df k|To]s dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{nfO{ pbfx/0f ;lxt lgb]{lzt ul/Psfn] k|of]ustf{n]
o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;Nnfx lbOG5 . of] lgb{]lzsfn] dd{t—;+ef/ ;DjGwL
;+:yfksLo tyf Aoj:yfksLo kIfdf cfaZos 1fg, ;Lk, a'emfO{ / l;lsPsf s'/fx? tyf
cg'ejnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} ;8s—dd{t sfo{ k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ug{ plrt d2t k'¥ofpg] ljZjf;
lnOPsf] 5 . of] lgb{]lzsf pkof]u u/L sfo{ ubf{ ;'wf/ ul/g'kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;Nnfx / ;'[emfjsf]
klg ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 . To;}n] /fd|f] / Jojxfl/s ;'emfax?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L a]nfa]nfdf of]
lgb{]lzsfsf]] ;'wf/ u/L ;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf o;sf] nflu ;DalGwt k|of]ustf{af6
;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ ljifodf 8f]ln8f/df lnlvt ?kdf ;'emfa k|fKt x'g] ck]Iff ul/G5 .

o; lgb{]lzsfdf u|fdL0f ;8sdWo] klg vf; u/L df6] ;8ssf] dd{t–;+ef/df ljif]z hf]8 lbO{Psf]
5 . o; jfx]s gfnL ;kmf /fVg], 3fF; emf/kft x6fpg], ;8s ;tx b'?:t / ;kmf /fVg], kfgLsf]
lgsf; Joj:yfkg tyf c? ljljw ;8ssf ;+/rgfsf] /]vb]v, dd{t ;'wf/ sfo{x?nfO{ ljleGg
juL{s/0f h:t}M lgoldt, k6s], cfjlws, /f]syfd d"ns, cfsl:ds dd{t–;+ef/x?sf] tf}/–t/Lsf
dfkm{t s] s;/L ul/g'k5{ eGg] s'/fx? ;fdj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . u|fdL0f ;8sx?df pRr :t/sf]
dd{t–;+ef/sf] sfo{ ug{ kof{Kt x'g] u/L /sd pknAw gx'g] x'Fbf dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|fyldstf
lgwf{/0f u/]/ pknAw >f]tsf] clwstd pkof]u ug{'kg{] x'G5 . t;y{ of] lgb{]lzsf dd{t ;+ef/
of]hgfsf] k|fyldstf tf]Sg / ah]6 k4ltdf ;fdlos ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu ;d]t pkof]uL x'g]
ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 .

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu Aojxfl/s cg'ejx?af6 k|fKt pTs[i6 t/Lsf ;d]t
cjnDag x'g]5 eGg] s'/fdf klg o; lgb{]lzsfn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o; afx]s lgb{]lzsfn] dd{t–
;+ef/ of]hgf th'{df ug]{, dfgjLo tyf ljQLo >f]t h'6fpg], Joj:yfkg ug]{, kl/rfng ug]{ /
k|fyldstf tf]sL plrt dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 . ;fy} ;DalGwt
lhNnfsf ;a} lgsfo, ;ldlt, k|of]ustf{, /]vb]vstf{x?nfO{ o; lgb]{lzsf pkof]uL x'g]5 eGg]
cfzf /fVb} o;sf] tof/L sfo{{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lh=l6=h]8= sf] u|fdL0f sfo{qmd g]kfn (RPN),
l8=Pkm=cfO{=8L sf] u|fdL0f kx'Fr sfo{qmd (RAP), P;=8L=;L=sf] lhNnf ;8s ;xof]u sfo{qmd
(DRSP), cfosf] nflu k"jf{wf/ sfo{qmd (INFRIN) tyf cd]l/sL ;xof]u lgof]u (USAID) / of]
lgb{]lzsfsf] ;dfof]hgf / kl/dfh{g ug{ ;Nnfx lbg] u|fdL0f ;8s d~r (Rural Road Forum),
I
g]kfn u|fdL0f oftfoft tyf ljsf; d~r (Nepal Forum for Rural Transport and
Development) nufotsf ;a} cfof]hgfx?, d~rx? tyf bft[ ;+:yfx? / o;df ;+nUg ;a}
k|fljlws tyf Joj:yfkg kIfsf k|ltlglwx? k|lt klg cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .

of] lgb{]lzsfnfO{ o;/L ;kmntfk"j{s tof/ ug{ ljz]if u/]/ GTZ-RPN sf] k|]/0ff, lg/Gt/
cu|;/tf, k|of;, tYof+Í ;+sng / cd"No k|fljlws ;xof]u Pj+ ;lqmo e"ldsfsf] nflu
8f]ln8f/sf] tkm{af6 wGoafb lbg rfxG5' . To:t} :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu
(DoLIDAR) sf ;xof]uL k|fljlwsx?af6 of] lgb{]lzsf tof/ ug{ ul/Psf cys k|of; / qm[ofzLn
;+nUgtfsf] nflu klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

of] lgb{]lzsfsf] clGtd d:of}bf dfly :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] tk{maf6 ;DalGwt ;/sf/L
lgsfox?, ljefu tyf u|fdL0f ;8sdf ;Da4 c? s]xL lgsfo / bft[ ;+:yfx? ;d]t;+u a[xt
5nkmn u/L o; d:of}bfnfO{ cem ;'9[b P+a tfls{s ?kn] k|:t't ug{ lbg'ePsf] ;'emfax? cToGt
g} pkof]uL / kmnbfoL l;4 ePsf]5 . o;sf] nflu o; ljefu dGqfno k|lt cfef/L 5 .

dGqfno nufot ljleGg lgsfoaf6 k|fkt ;'emfa Pj+ kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df o; lgb]{lzsfnfO{
clGtd ?k lbg PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] k|fljlws ;xof]u cGtu{t sfo{/t dd{t ;+ef/
ljz]if1nfO{ ljif]z wGojfb lbb} o;sf] k|yd ;+:s/0f k|sfzg ug{ ;xof]u k|bfg ug{]
l8=Pkm=cfO{=8L sf] RAP-PMU nfO{ klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

cGTodf o; u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ lgb]{lzsf ;a} k|of]ustf{x?sf] nflu cToGt pkof]uL,
dxTjk"0f{ / ;xof]uLl;4 x'g]5 eGg] k"0f{ ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

wg axfb'/ tfdfË
dxf–lgb{]zs
8f]ln8f/

II
 ljifo–;"rL
qm=;+= kfgf g+=

1 kl/ro 1
1=1 lgb]{lzsfsf] cfjZostf 1
1=2 lgb]{lzsfsf] p2]Zo 2
1=3 lgb]{lzsfsf] k|of]ustf{ 2
1=4 lgb]{lzsfsf d'Vo ljifoj:t'x? 2
1=5 lgb]{lzsfsf] ;Ldf 3
1=6 lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{gsf] k|lqmof 3
1=7 lgb]{lzsf n]vg / tof/L 3
2 u|fdL0f ;8s tyf dd{t–;+ef/sf] klxrfg 4
2=1 u|fdL0f ;8s kl/efiff 4
2=2 u|fdL0f ;8s juL{s/0f 4
2=3 dd{t–;+ef/sf] p2]Zo 5
2=4 dd{t–;+ef/sf] k|sf/ 6
2=4=1 lgoldt dd{t–;+ef/ (Routine Maintenance) 6
2=4=2 k6s] dd{t–;+ef/ (Recurrent Maintenance) 6
2=4=3 cfjlws dd{t–;+ef/ (Periodic Maintenance) 7
2=4=4 cfsl:ds dd{t–;+ef/ (Emergency Maintenance) 7
2=4=5 /f]syfdd"ns dd{t–;+ef/ (Preventive Maintenance) 7
2=5 u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ lqmofsnfkx?sf] k|fyldstf qmd (Priority of 8
Maintenance Activities)
3 dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu >f]t kl/rfng 9
3=1 dd{t–;+ef/ ljz]if sf]if 9
3=1=1 sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw 9
3=2 lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]if (DRRMF) 9
3=2=1 dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu /sdsf] lgsf;f 10

III
3=3 lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]ifsf nflu cfly{s >f]tx? 10
3=3=1 g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljlgof]lht aflif{s ah]6 11
3=3=2 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 k|fKt x'g] >f]t 11
3=3=3 gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;=af6 k|fKt x'g] >f]t 11
3=3=4 ;8s af]8{ g]kfnaf6 k|fKt x'g] >f]t 11
3=3=5 ljleGg u|fdL0f ;8s lgdf{0f of]hgfx?af6 k|fKt x'g] >f]t 11
3=3=6 cGo ljljw >f]tx? 12
4 dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgf th{'df tyf sfof{Gjog 13
4=1 kl/ro 13
4=2 ;8ssf] ef}lts cj:yf (Physical Status) sf] nut lja/0f (Inventory) tof/L 14
4=3 dd{t–;+ef/ ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] n]vfhf]vf, ;j]{If0f tyf k|f/lDes nfut tof/L 14
4=4 dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f 14
4=5 aflif{s ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgf tof/L 15
4=6 dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog Joj:yfkg 15
4=6=1 sfof{Gjog Joj:yf 15
4=6=2 sfof{Gjog cjwf/0ff 15
4=6=3 sfof{Gjog k|lqmof 16
4=6=3=1 cdfgt -;f]em} sfdbf/ lgo'lQm ul/g]_ k|lqmof 16
4=6=3=2 pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t sfdbf/ ;d"x4f/f u/fpg] k|lqmof 16
4=6=3=3 :yfgLo 7]s]bf/ jf JolQm dfkm{t 7]Ssfdf sfd u/fpg] k|lqmof 16
4=6=4 dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjog sfof{Gjog / lhDd]jf/ lgsfo tflnsf 17
5 ;"rgf k|0ffnL / dd{t–;+ef/ cg'udg, d"NofÍg tyf k|ltj]bg 19
5=1 u|fdfL0f oftfoft Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL (RTMIS) 19
5=2 dd{t–;Def/ lqmofsnfkx?sf] cg'udg, d"NofÍg tyf k|ltj]bg 20
6 ;+:yfut tyf gLltut Joj:yf 21
6=1 e"ldsf 21
6=2 u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ug]{ k|ltj4tf 21
IV
6=3 lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;ldlt (DRRMC) 21
6=4 ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt 22
6=5 ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{gLlt 23
6=5=1 ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ tyf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L 23
6=5=2 dd{t–;+ef/ tyf ;~rfng Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL gLlt lgodx? 23
6=5=3 dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu cjnDag ug'{kg]{ ;do tflnsf 24
6=5=4 dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL Joj:yf 24
6=5=5 k|fljlws hgzlQmsf]] Joj:yf 25
6=5=6 tflnd / hghfu/0f 25
6=6 ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;DaGwL sfo{ of]hgf 26
6=7 ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sf]if :yfkgf 27

kl/lzi6x?
s= u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] alu{s/0f 28
v= u|fdL0f ;8ssf æl8hfO{g u'0f:t/dfg (Rural Road Design Standards) 30
u= ljleGg ;8s ;txx?df ul/g] dd{t– ;+ef/ lqmofsnfkx? 32
3= ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 >f]t k|fKt ug{ lhNnf ljsf;
33
;ldltx?n] k'/f ug'{kg]{ dfkb08x?
ª dd{t–;+ef/ ;DaGwL a}7s /fVg], 5nkmn ug]{ / lg0f{o ug]{ tl/sf 34
r= dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu ;8ssf] l:ylt lja/0f -gd'gf_ 36
5= u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu k|fyldsLs/0f tyf cg'dflgt nfut tflnsf 37
h= ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ljwfgsf] gd"gf 38
em= dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu ljleGg lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf 51
;Gbe{ ;fdu|L 55
;+lIfKt ?k / cfBfIf/L zAbx? 56

V
!= kl/ro
!=! lgb{]lzsfsf] cfjZostf
g]kfndf xfn @@,))) ls=ld=eGbf a9L u|fdL0f ;8sx? /x]sf]df ;f] dWo] sl/j !),))) ls=ld=
u|fdL0f ;8s dfq ;jf/L ;fwg rNg of]Uo ePsf] kfOG5 . u|fdL0f ;8ssf] nDjfO{ tyf ;+hfndf
ePsf] j[l4n] dd{t tyf ;+ef/sf] cfjZostfnfO{ k|i6\ofPsf] 5 . nufgLsf] clwstd k|ltkmn
xfl;n ug{, oftfoft vr{ Go"gtd\ /fVg, ;8ssf] bL3{sfnLg k|of]u a9fpg tyf e/kbf]{ oftfoft
;]jf pknJw u/fpgsf] nflu of]hgfj4 dd{t tyf ;+ef/ sfo{ nfu" ug'{ kg{] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf 5
.
ljut s]xL jif{b]lv u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t–;+ef/ :yfgLo lgsfox? Dffkm{t x'g] u/]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ /fli6«o of]hgf, @)%^ n] s]xL xb;Dd dd{t—;+ef/ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbP tfklg
:yfgLo lgsfox?af6 u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{x? of]hgfj4, k|efjsf/L tyf ;dfg 9Ën]
;+rfng x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @)& -!_ -@_ / df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?nfO{ lhNnf
ljsf; of]hgf th"{df / ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt
dGqfnon] ;do ;dodf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] / ;f] adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltn] kfngf ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 kfl/t e} nfu' e}/x]sf] u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ /fli6«o of]hgf, @)%^ df pQm
of]hgf ;'rf? ?kn] ;+rfng ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu lj:t[t lgb]{lzsf tof/ kf/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6
l:js[t u/fO{ nfu' ug]{ egL pNn]v ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^!
sf] bkmf &=# ;+:yfut Aoj:yf eP cg';f/ s]Gb|Lo tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf cGtu{t
s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] e"ldsfdf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s
ljefu -8f]ln8f/_ h:tf s]Gb|Lo :t/sf lgsfon] :yfgLo :t/df ;DkGg ul/g] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
sfo{qmdsf nflu cfaZos gd{;\, lgb]{lzsf, :k]l;lkms]zg, jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs cWoog
lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL gLlt cg';f/ g]kfn
;/sf/ -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno_ af6 kfl/t :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf,
@)^$ sf] bkmf &=! pkbkmf &=!=@ :yfgLo ;8sM /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ 8f]ln8f/
nufotsf s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] u'0f:t/Lo :yfgLo ;8s ljsf;sf] nflu cfaZos
sfo{ljlw÷dfu{bz{g÷lgb]{lzsf tof/L Pj+ cBfalws u/L :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{
lhDd]jf/L ;lxt tf]lsPsf] 5 .

To;y{M g]kfn ;/sf/af6 kfl/t pNn]lvt u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;+ef/ /fli6«o of]hgf, @)%^, :yfgLo
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^! tyf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf, @)^$ df ePsf]
k|fjwfg Pj+ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @)& sf] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ cg';f/ :yfgLo
:t/df u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{nfO{ ;+:yfut ?kd} of]hgfj4 Pj+ k|efjsf/L 9Ën]
;+rfng ug{ s]xL k|fljlws kIfnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6L ;a} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?n] kfngf ug]{ u/L
:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu -8f]ln8f/_ af6 of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ e} :yfgLo
ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t u/L nfu' ul/Psf] 5 .
1
!=@ lgb]{lzsfsf] p2]Zo
o; lgb]{lzsfsf] k|d'v p2]Zo b]zJofkL ?kdf :yfgLo lgsfox? / u|fdL0f ;8s;+u ;DalGwt cGo
;+:yf tyf ;d'bfox?nfO{ k|efjsf/L tyf of]hgfa4 ?kdf u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t–;+ef/ ug]{
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; xf];\ eGg] xf] . o; lgb{]lzsfsf]] k|of]uaf6 :yfgLo lgsfox?df dd{t tyf ;+ef/
sfo{sf] of]hgf agfpg, k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df sfof{Gjog ug{ tyf nfut vr{sf] cg'dfg ug]{
k|ls|ofdf Ps?ktf cfpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; afx]s of] lgb{]lzsfsf]] p2]Zox? tn pNn]v
ul/Psf 5g\ .
• :yfgLo lgsfox?df u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]ifsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfox?,
;8s jf]8{ g]kfn Pj+ cGo >f]tx?af6 k|fKt x'g] >f]tnfO{ Jojl:yt t/Lsfn] ;+rfng ug]{,
• :yfgLo lgsfox? / ;Da4 ;d"xx?;+u ;xeflutf tyf ;dGjo u/L :yfgLo >f]t kl/rfng ug{
d2t k'/ofpg],
• u|fdL0f ;8sx?df ug'{kg{] dd{t sfo{x?sf] klxrfg tyf k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L jflif{s lhNnf
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{qmd tof/ ug{ ;3fp k'/ofpg],
• dd{t sfo{sf] cg'udg / lg/LIf0f ug{] h:tf sfdx? ;Dkfbg ug{sf nflu ;/ntf Nofpg],
;'Joal:yt ug]{, /
• ;a} :yfgLo lgsfox?df dd{t — ;+ef/ sf]ifsf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng k|s[ofdf Ps?ktf Nofpg] .

!=# lgb{]lzsfsf k|of]ustf{

:yfgLo :t/df u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{nfO{ ;+:yfut ?kd} of]hgfj4 Pj+ k|efjsf/L
9Ën] ;+rfng ug{ Ps pko'Qm lgb]{lzsfsf] cfaZostf dx;'; eP cg';f/ ;a} :yfgLo lgsfo –
lh=lj=;= tyf uf=lj=;_ x?sf] nflu of] lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L nfu' ul/Psf] xf] . ctM ;j} lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltx?, ufFp ljsf; ;ldltx?, u|fdL0f ;8s;+u ;DjlGwt cGo lgsfox?, lhNnf u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltx?, 7]s]bf/x?, k]z]j/ k|fljlwsx? / pkef]Qmf ;d'bfox? o; lgb]{lzsfsf
k|of]ustf{ x'g]5g\ . ;fy} u|fdL0f kl/j]z e} u|fdL0f ;8sx? ;d]t /x]sf gu/kflnsfx?n] ;d]t o;
lgb]{lzsfnfO{ dfu{bz{gsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

!=$ lgb{]lzsfsf d'Vo ljifoj:t'x?

o; lgb{]lzsfdf ^ kl/R5]bx? /x]sf 5g\ .
!= kl/ro
@= u|fdL0f ;8s tyf dd{t–;+ef/sf] klxrfg
#= dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu >f]t kl/rfng
$= dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog
%= ;"rgf k|0ffnL / dd{t—;+ef/ cg'udg, d"NofÍg tyf k|ltj]bg
^= ;+:yfut tyf gLltut Joj:yf
o; cltl/Qm lgb]{lzsfdf gf} j6f ;DjlGwt kl/lzi6x? ;d]t ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

2
!=% lgb]{lzsfsf]] ;Ldf
of] lgb{]lzsfdf ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;DjGwL ;+:yfksLo tyf Aoa:yfksLo laifodf a9L hf]8
lbO{Psf] / dd{t—;+ef/sf k|fljlws kIfx?df ;d]t s]xL dfu{bz{g (Guide) ug]{ ePtf klg s'g}
klg of]hgf agfpg tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ o; lgb{]lzsfsf] cltl/Qm cGo pknAw gLltut ;fdu|Lx?
h:t}M u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ /fli6«o of]hgf, @)%^, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^!,
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL @)%^ -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ tyf :yfgLo lgsfo
cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] ;d]t pkof]u ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

o; lgb]{lzsfnfO{ d"n cfwf/ agfO{ sfo{:yndf ;+alGwt k|fljlws tyf ;8s ;+ef/stf{x?nfO{
pkof]uL x'g]u/L u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ xft]k'l:tsf (Rural Road Maintenance Handbook)
;d]t tof/ u/L nfu" ul/g] 5 .
!=^ lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{gsf] k|s[of
@)^$ ;fndf k|yd k6s k|sflzt of] lgb{]lzsfsf] Aojxfl/s k|of]u kZrft o;sf k|of]ustf{x?af6
o;df cfaZostf cg';f/ yk36 ug{' kg]{ ljifox?sf ;DaGwdf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif
;8s ljefu -8f]ln8f/_ n] ;do ;dodf /fo ;'emfjx? k|fKt u/L o; lgb{]lzsfnfO{ ;dofg's'n
kl/dfh{g ub}{ nlug]5 .
!=& lgb]{lzsf n]vg / tof/L
of] lgb{]lzsfsf]] k|f/lDes n]vg hd{g k|fljlws ;xof]u (GTZ) sf] u|fdL0f sfo{qmd g]kfn (RPN) n]
u/]sf] xf] . o;df u|fdL0f kx+'r sfo{qmd (RAP), cd]l/sL ;xof]u lgof]u (USAID), lhNnf ;8s
;xof]u sfo{qmd (DRSP), cfosf nflu k"jf{wf/ sfo{qmd (INFRIN), u|fdL0f ;8s d+r (RRF) /
g]kfn u|fdL0f oftfoft ljsf; d+r (NFRTD) jf6 k|fKt /fo ;'emfjx? ;dfof]hg u/L tof/
ul/Psf] d;f}bf pk/ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ;'emfa / 8f]ln8f/¢f/f cfof]lht lgb]{lzsf
Finalization Workshop sf] lgZsif{ ;d]tsf] cfwf/df o;nfO{ clGtd ?k lbO{Psf] xf] .

3
 @= Uf|fdL0f ;8s tyf dd{t—;+ef/sf] klxrfg
;8s lgdf{0fdf 7"nf] k"FhLut nufgL ul/Psf] x'G5 . To;}n] ;jf/L ;+rfng nfutdf k|efjsf/L
?kdf sdL Nofpg, ;8ssf] :t/–x|f;sf] ultnfO{ Go"gLs/0f u/L ;8ssf] cfo' nDAofpg / ;'/lIft
tyf e/kbf{] oftfoft ;]jfsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg pko'Qm dd{t—;+ef/sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg{] x'G5 .
;8ssf] dd{t—;+ef/ eGgfn] ;8s Pj+ ;8s;+u cfa¢ ef}lts ;+/rgfx?sf] lgoldt, k|efjsf/L /
lbuf] ;+rfng P+a pkof]usf nflu ul/g' kg]{ lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ hgfpF5 .
@=! u|fdL0f ;8s– kl/efiff
dd{t—;+ef/ k|of]hgsf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfosf] clwsf/leq /x]sf] / :yfgLo lgsfoaf6} ;+rfng
Pj+ dd{t—;+ef/ ul/g] df]6/ af6f] (Motorable Road) tyf s[lif ;8snfO{ u|fdL0f ;8ssf] ?kdf
lnO{Psf] 5 . ;8s ;txsf] cfwf/df u|fdL0f ;8s df6] -Earthen)], v08fl:dt (Gravelled Road)
cyjf sfnf]kq] (Black Topped) x'g ;Sg] 5g\\ . lhNnfleqsf :yfgLo lgsfo afx]s cGo lgsfo -
;8s ljefu, l;+rfO ljefu, ljB't k|flws/0f, g]kfnL ;]gf cflb_ n] agfPsf ;8sx? :yfgLo
lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f geP;Dd u|fdL0f ;8sleq kg{] 5}gg\ .
@=@ u|fdL0f ;8s– juL{s/0f
u|fdL0f ;8snfO{ lgDg cg';f/ juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
• ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] cfwf/df

s_ ;j{ofd -afx| dlxg]_ ;8s (All Weather Road) – jif{el/ ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] ;8s
v_ ;'Vvfofd ;8s (Fair Weather Road) – ;'Vvfofddf dfq ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] ;8s

• ;8s ;txsf] cfwf/df

s_ df6] jf w"n] ;8s (Earthen Road)

v_ v08fl:dt ;8s (Gravelled Road)
u_ sfnf]kq] ;8s (Black Topped Road)

• ;8ssf] dxTjsf] cfwf/df

s_ u|fdL0f ;8s æsÆ>]0fL -lhNnf ;8s÷ District Road, RRA)

v_ u|fdL0f ;8s ævÆ >]0fL -ufpF:t/Lo ;8s ÷Village Road, RRB)
u_ u|fdL0f ;8s æuÆ >]0fL -d"naf6f] ÷Main Trail, RRC)
3_ u|fdL0f ;8s æ3Æ >]0fL -:yfgLo af6f] ÷Village Trail, RRD)
ª_ u|fdL0f ;8s æªÆ >]0fL -/Hh' dfu{ ÷Rope Way, RRE)

4
• dd{t—;+ef/sf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/dfM

s_ dd{t—;+ef/ of]Uo ;8s (Maintainable Road)

v_ dd{t—;+ef/ cof]Uo ;8s (Non-maintainable Road)

u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] juL{s/0f kl/lzi6 …sÚ df tyf u|fdL0f ;8ssf l8hfOg u'0f:t/dfg
(Design Standards) kl/lzi6 …vÚ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

@=# dd{t—;+ef/sf] p2]Zo

;8ssf] bL3{sfnLg pkof]u Pj+ jftfj/0fLo k|efjaf6 ;8s ;tx lau|g] (Road Surface
Deterioration) / ;8s lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] Ifo (Loss of Road Materials) sf] bf]xf]/f] c;/nfO{ sd
u/L ;8snfO{ pkof]u of]Uo cj:yfdf /fVg ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ul/G5 .

lgDg lnlvt p2]Zox? k|flKtsf nflu ;8ssf] dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .

• ;8s ;]jfnfO{ ;'rf? /fVgM
;8snfO{ plrt dd{t—;+ef/ u/L ;jf/L ;fwgx? rNg afwf c8\rg gx'g] l:yltdf /fVg'kb{5
.
• ;jf/L ;+rfng vr{ / ofqf ;do 36fpgM (Reduction in Transportation Cost & Travel Time)
/fd|f];+u dd{t—;+ef/ ul/Psf] ;8sdf uf8L u'8\g ;lhnf] x'G5 . cK7\of/f] / lau]|sf] ;8sdf
uf8Lsf kf6k"hf{ a9L lau|g], O{Gwg a9L vr{ x'g] / 6fo/ ;d]t rfF8} lvOg] ub{5 . /fd|f];+u
dd{t—;+ef/ ul/Psf] ;8sn] Ps 7fFpaf6 csf]{ 7fFp;Dd ofqf ug{ nfUg] ;do (Travel Time)
/ ;+rfng vr{ 36fpg d2t k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} ofqf cf/fdbfoL klg x'G5 .
• b'3{6gfsf] ;Defjgf 36fpgM
dd{t—;+ef/sf] cefjdf ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ;fF3'l/g] / ;8s 5]psf kfvfx? eTsgfn] ;jf/L
;+rfngdf c;'ljwf eO{ b'3{6gf x'g] ;+Defjgf a9L x'G5 . /fd|f];+u dd{t—;+ef/ ul/Psf] ;8sdf
o:tf] ;d:of /xFb}g / b'3{6gf x'g] ;+Defjgf sd x'G5 .

• a9L vlr{nf] / hl6n dd{t sfo{sf] cfaZostf sd ug{M

lgoldt ?kdf ;–;fgf dd{t–;+ef/sf sfo{x? ub}{ uPdf ;8snfO{ h6Ln k|sf/sf Ifltx?af6
arfpg ;lsG5 h;af6 Ps} k6s w]/} vr{ nfUg] dd{t–;+ef/ tyf k'gMlgdf{0fsf] cfaZostf
nfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 .
• ;8ssf] bL3{sfnLg k|of]u ;'lglZrt ug{ / ;8s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug{M
plrt dd{t—;+ef/ ul/Psf] ;8ssf] cfo' a9\g hfg] x'Fbf nufgLsf] clwstd k|ltkmn k|fKt
x'gsf] ;fy} ;8s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f (Preservation of Road Assets) df ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .

5
• ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s pknlAwsf] lg/Gt/tfM
;'b[9 u|fdL0f kx'Fraf6 k|fKt x'g] ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s pknlAwx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|fKt x'G5 .
@=$ dd{t—;+ef/sf k|sf/
ljBdfg xfjfkfgL, ;jf/L–;fwgsf] k|sf/, ;jf/Lsf] ef/ tyf rfk, Ol~hlgol/Ë l8hfO{g, ;8s
lgdf{0fsf] u'0f:t/ / ;8s ;txsf] k|sf/ -df6], v08fl:dt, sfnf] kq]_ cflbn] ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
sfo{ ug]{] pko'Qm ;do, dd{t – ;Def/sf] k|sf/ tyf cfjZos ah]6 lgwf{/0f ub{5g\ .

u|fdL0f ;8sdf lgDg kfFr k|sf/sf dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{x? ul/G5g\ .

• lgoldt dd{t—;+ef/ (Routine Maintenance)

• k6s] dd{t—;+ef/ (Recurrent Maintenance)
• cfjlws dd{t—;+ef/ (Periodic Maintenance)
• /f]syfdd"ns dd{t—;+ef/ (Preventive Maintenance)
• cfsl:ds dd{t—;+ef/ (Emergency Maintenance)

;8ssf] dd{t–;+ef/ ;+aGwL lqmofsnfk lgdf{0f cjlw ;DkGg ePkl5 dfq z'? ul/G5 . lgdf{0f
r/0fsf] cjlwdf ul/g] /f]syfdd"ns tyf cGo cfaZos dd{t–;+ef/ ;8s lgdf{0fs} lx:;fsf]
?kdf lnO{G5 .

k'g:yf{kgf tyf :t/f]Gglt sfo{ -Rehabilitation and Upgrading Works_ dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{
gePsf]n] o:tf sfo{x? o; lgb{]lzsfsf] bfo/f leq kb}{gg\ . ctM tL sfo{x? 5'§} ah]6 zLif{s
cGtu{t ;DkGg ul/g' kb{5 .

@=$=! lgoldt dd{t—;+ef/ (Routine Maintenance)

lgoldt dd{t—;+ef/ cGtu{t ;a} ;8sdf afx|} dlxgf ug{'kg{] ;fgfltgf dd{tsf sfo{x? kb{5g\ .
lgoldt ?kdf ul/g'kg{] ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{x? ljz]ifu/L k"j{ cg'dfg tyf
n]vfhf]vf gu/L ug{' kg]{ / lglZrt k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . ;8snfO{ pko'Qm :j?kdf /fVg / :t/ x|f;
x'gaf6 arfO{ /fVg ul/g] lgoldt sfo{x? o; leq kb{5g\ . ;fwf/0ftof o;df bIf hgzlQmsf]
cfjZostf kb}{g . lglZrt vr{ (Fixed cost) nfUg] of] sfo{ ;fwf/0ftof pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? dfkm{t
;8s ;+ef/stf{ (Length Person) x?af6 u/fpg'kb{5 .
@=$=@ k6s] dd{t—;+ef/ (Recurrent Maintenance)
aif{sf] ljleGg ;dodf ug'{kg{] t/ lgoldt dd{t–;+ef/ leq gkg]{ ;fgf ;+ef/ sfo{x? k6s] dd{t—
;+ef/ cGtu{t kb{5g\ . ;jf/Lsf] k|sf/ tyf rfk / aiff{sf] sf/0fn] ;8sdf ePsf / x'g ;Sg]
Ifltaf6 ;8snfO{ arfpg jif{df k6s k6s -@,# k6s_ ug'{kg]{ ;+ef/ sfo{nfO{ k6s] dd{t—;+ef/
sfo{ elgG5 . o:tf] sfo{df k|foM bIf >ldsx?sf] ;d]t cfjZostf kb{5 . dd{t—;+ef/sf sfd
u/fpg' eGbf klxn] g} o:tf sfo{sf] klxrfg / nfut O{l:6d]6 tof/ kfg'{kb{5 .

6
@=$=# cfjlws dd{t—;+ef/ (Periodic Maintenance)

s]xL aif{ la/fP/ ug{'kg{] 7"nf dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{x? o; cGtu{t kb{5g\ . lgoldt tyf k6s] dd{t—
;+ef/ sfo{af6 dfq ;8snfO{ b'?:t cj:yfdf /fVg ;w}+ ;+ej gx'g] / kl/df0ffTds ?kn] a9L sfo{
ug'{kg{] k|s[ltsf dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{x? o; cGtu{t kb{5g\ . o:tf] dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ sfnf] kq]
;8sdf % b]lv & aif{df, v08fl:dt ;8sdf # b]lv % aif{df / df6] ;8sdf ;8ssf] cj:yf x]/L
@ b]lv # jif{df Ps k6s ug]{ ul/G5 t/ s]xL uf|dL0f ;8sx?df k|To]s aif{ vf;u/L jiff{ofd kl5
cfjlws dd{t–;+ef/ cfjZos kg{ ;Sb5 . o:tf] sfo{df k|foM bIf >ldsx?sf] ;d]t cfjZostf
kb{5 . dd{t—;+ef/sf sfd u/fpg' eGbf klxn] g} o:tf sfo{sf] klxrfg / nfut O{l:6d]6 tof/
kfg'{kb{5 .

@=$=$ cfsl:ds dd{t—;+ef/ (Emergency Maintenance)

ck|Tofl;t ?kn] crfgs ;8sdf k|fs[lts tyf b}ljs jfwf c8rg cfOk/]/ cfjfudg aGb ePsf]
cj:yfdf cfsl:ds dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ ul/G5 . s'g} k|fs[lts sf/0f jf eljtJoaf6 ;8sdf cj/f]w
cfPdf jf aGb eP/ ;jf/L cfjfudg x'g g;s]df jf ;8snfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL x'g] vt/f pTkGg
ePdf oyfzL3| ;8s vf]Ng] / cj?4 ePsf] oftfoftnfO{ ;+~rfng ug{ tyf ;8snfO{ yk xflg
gf]S;fgLaf6 hf]ufpg t'?Gtft'?Gt} ul/g] dd{t—;+ef/nfO{ cfsl:ds dd{t—;+ef/ elgG5 .

cfsl:ds dd{t—;+ef/sf] sfd ;dfKt ePkl5 Ifltu|:t ;8snfO{ b'?:t klxn]s} cj:yfdf n}hfg]
sfo{ o; zLif{sdf kb{}g .

@=$=% /f]syfdd"ns dd{t—;+ef/ (Preventive Maintenance)

eljiodf x'g ;Sg] ;+efljt Ifltaf6 ;8snfO{ arfP/ /fVg / k'g:y{fkgf sfo{sf] cfaZostfaf6
arfpg tyf k/ ;fg{ ;8s If]q (Right of Way) sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu ul/g] dd{t—;+ef/ ;DaGwL
sfo{x?nfO{ /f]syfd"ns dd{t–;+ef/ elgG5 . oL sfo{ e"–ule{s, ef}uf]lns tyf jftfj/0fLo
sf/0fx?af6 k|efljt x'G5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu ;do cGt/fn (Time Interval)
tf]Sg g;lsg] x'Fbf pknAw >f]tn] EofP;Dd cfjZos b]lvgf;fy sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of; ul/g'kb{5 .

ljleGg k|sf/sf ;8s ;txx?df ul/g] dd{t–;+ef/ lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;"rL kl/lzi6 -u_ df
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

@=% u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ lqmofsnfkx?sf] k|fyldstfqmd -Priority of

Maintenance Activities)

7
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;Def/ ubf{ ;a} k|sf/sf dd{t–;+ef/x? Ps}k6s ug{ cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] ;Dea
gx'g] x'Fbf pknAw >f]t tyf ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u ug{ tyf ;8ssf] bL3{sfnLg k|of]u
;'lglZrt ug{ lgDg k|fyldstfqmdsf] cfwf/df dd{t–;Def/ lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ul/g'kb{5 .
!=cfsl:ds dd{t–;+ef/ (Emergency Maintenance)
@= lgoldt dd{t–;+ef/ (Routine Maintenance)
#= k6s] dd{t–;+ef/ ( Recurrent / Occasional Maintenance)
$= cfjlws dd{t–;+ef/ ( Periodic Maintenance)
dd{t–;+ef/ lqmofsnfkx?dWo] ;8s gfnL k|0ffnL ( Road Drainage System) sf] lgoldt dd{t–
;+ef/ cGo ;a} dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{x?sf] cfwf/zLnf xf] .

gf]6M– /f]syfdd"ns dd{t–;+ef/ (Preventative Maintenance) sf] nflu ;do cGt/fn tf]Sg
Jojxfl/s gx'g] x'Fbf k|fyldstfsf] qmddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .

8
 #= dd{t—;+ef/sf nflu >f]t kl/rfng
#=! dd{t—;+ef/ ljz]if sf]if
:yfgLo lgsfo -cfly{s k|zf;g_ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod %$ -u_ adf]lhd lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltdf / ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod ## -v_ adf]lhd gu/kflnsfdf dd{t—;+ef/ ljz]if sf]ifsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?n] ;f]xL adf]lhd sf]ifsf] Joj:yf
u/L ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;+rfng Pa+ dd{t—;+ef/sf] sfo{sf nflu cfjZos >f]t h'6fpg' kb{5 .
pQm lgodfjnLdf pNn]v gePtf klg ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf klg ufpF kl/if\bsf] lg0f{o cg';f/
o:t} k|s[ltsf] Ps sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?n] pQm lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd k|To]s lhNnf
kl/ifb jf gu/ kl/ifbn] cfk\mgf] cfGtl/s cfojf6 o; sf]ifdf /sd ljlgof]hg ug]{]5g\ . ;fy} pQm
sf]ifsf] lbuf]kgfsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf Pj+ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ;d]tn]
cfjZostf cg';f/ lg0f{o u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sdx? ;d]t pQm sf]ifdf bflvnf ug]{]5g\ .
• lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] s"n cfGtl/s cfosf] sDtLdf #
k|ltztsf b/n] dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] Psd'i7 /sd,
• ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfon] jflif{s of]hgf th{'df ug]{ qmddf cfGtl/s tyf s]Gb|Lo cg'bfg
cGtu{t k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf x/]s If]qsf] nflu ul/g] s"n aflif{s ljlgof]hgsf] @ k|ltztdf
g36\g] u/L dd{t—;+ef/sf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] Psd'i7 /sd,
• cGo lgsfosf] ;xof]udf sfof{Gjog x'g] of]hgfsf] xsdf tL lgsfon] ;+rfng Pa+ dd{t—
;+ef/sf nflu pknAw u/fPsf] /sd,
• g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo lgsfox?n] pknAw u/fPsf] dd{t—;+ef/ jfktsf] Psd'i7 /sd, /
• sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdsf] pTkfbgd"ns kl/rfngåf/f cflh{t /sd .
dd{t–;+ef/ ljz]if sf]ifdf o;/L hDdf ePsf] /sd :yfgLo lgsfon] g]kfn ;/sf/, ;8s af]8{
g]kfn tyf bft[ lgsfox?af6 ;+rflnt ;8s of]hgfx?sf] dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfoaf6
Aoxf]g'{ kg]{ kl/k"/s c+zsf] ?kdf ;d]t pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
#=!=! sf]if ;+rfng sfo{ljlw
dd{t—;+ef/ laz]if sf]if;+u ;DalGwt cfly{s Joj:yfkg sfo{ :yfgLo lgsfo -cfly{s k|zf;g_
lgodfjnL, @)^$ jf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfoåf/f nfu" ul/g] cfly{s Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlwdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 .
#=@ lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]if (DRRMF)
dd{t—;+ef/ ljz]if sf]ifn] lhNnfsf ;a} lsl;dsf k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfx? -h:t} vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO{,
;fd'bflos ejg, ;8s, uf]/]6f], 3f]/]6f], emf]n'Ë] k'n, ;fgf hnljB't cflb ;d]t_ nfO{ ;d]6g] xF'bf
u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu dd{t—;+ef/ ljz]if sf]if cGt{ut ælhNnf u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]ifÆ v8f ul/g'kb{5 .

9
o; sf]ifsf nflu #=# df pNn]v ul/Psf >f]tx?af6 cfly{s >f]t h'6fOg] 5 .

lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]if -lh=u|f=;=d=;+=sf]if_ df :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g'{kg{]

of]ubfg / g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joxf]g{] kl/k"/s of]ubfgsf] /sd /xg] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g{' kg{]
of]ubfg c+z :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ lhlj;÷uflj;n] p7fPsf] /sd,
lhlj;÷uflj;n] cfˆgf] >f]taf6 ug{] nufgL, nfeu|fxLx? (Beneficiaries) af6 k|fKt x'g] c+z,
u}/;/sf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] nufgL cyjf s]Gb|Lo cg'bfgsf] ?kdf k|fKt x'g] /sd af6 Aoxf]l/g] 5 .
jflif{s dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{qmd ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t eO;s]kl5 ;+alGwt lhNnf ljsf;
;ldltx?n] :yfgLo lgsfox?n] Joxf]g{'kg{] of]ubfg afktsf] c+z u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]ifdf
hDdf ul/g]5 . o;/L hDdf ul/Psf] of]ubfg c+zsf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joxf]g{'kg{] of]ubfg
c+z ;+alGwt lh=u|f=;=d=;+=sf]ifdf lgsf;f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' k5{ .

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] kl/k"/s of]ubfg lgsf;fsf] nflu k|To]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] kl/lzi6
æ3Æ df pNn]v ul/Psf cfwf/e"t tof/L tyf dfkb08 k"/f ug'{kg]{5 .

#=@=! dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu /sdsf] lgsf;f

u|fdL0f ;8ssf] lbuf] dd{t—;+ef/ tyf ;+rfngsf] nflu :yfgLo :t/df u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—
;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . o; ;ldltsf] cflwsfl/s lawfg tyf sfo{ljlw
agfO{ dd{t—;+ef/sf] Joj:yfsf ljljw kIf nufot dd{t—;+ef/ ;+DaGwL a}7s, 5nkmn / lg0{fo
ul/g] Joj:yf klg x'g'kb{5 .

dd{t—;+ef/ ;DaGwL a}7s /fVg], 5nkmn ug{] / lg{0fo ug{] tl/sf kl/lzi6 …ªÚ df lbO{Psf] 5 .

lhNnfsf] s'g} klg u|fdL0f ;8ssf] nflu u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g eO{
lhNnf :t/df btf{ ePsf] ;ldltnfO{ rflxg] cfjZos jf :jLs[t /sd lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—
;+ef/ sf]if -DRRMF_ af6 lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt (DRRMC) sf] l;kmfl/zdf
lgsf;f ug'{kg]{5 . u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]ifjf6 pknAw x'g] >f]t / vr{sf] kmFf6af/L u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] :ki6 x'g] u/L cWofjlws u/L /fVg' kb{5 .

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g ;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f kl/R5]b ^M æ;+:yfut
tyf gLltut Joj:yfÆ df lbO{Psf] 5 .
#=# lhNNff u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]ifsf nflu cfly{s >f]tx?
lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]ifsf nflu lgDg >f]tx?af6 /sd k|fKt x'g]5 .
#=#=! g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljlgof]lht aflif{s ah]6
10
#=#=@ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
#=#=# gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;=
#=#=$ ;8s af]8{ g]kfn
#=#=% ljleGg u|fdL0f ;8s lgdf{0f of]hgfx?M
#=#=^ cGo ljljw >f]tx?
#=#=! g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljlgof]lht aflif{s ah]6
g]kfn ;/sf/n] :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno Pj+ 8f]ln8f/ dfkm{t u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]if
cGtu{t k|To]s aif{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] x'G5 . lh=lj=;=x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf pknAw x'g] of]
/sd u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]ifsf nflu Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ >f]t xf] .

#=#=@ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 k|fKt x'g] >f]t

k|To]s lh=lj=;=x?n] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L :yfgLo s/,
;jf/L b:t"/ cflbaf6 cfly{s >f]t h'6fpg] u/]sf x'G5g\ h;sf] s]xL c+z uf=lj=;=x?nfO{ ;d]t
cg'bfgsf] ?kdf pknAw u/fO{Psf] x'G5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] aflif{s ah]6af6 k|To]s jif{
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu s]xL /sd ljlgof]hg ul/g'kb{5 .

#=#=# gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;=af6 k|fKt x'g] >f]t

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L k|To]s gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;=x?n]
ljleGg zLif{s cGtu{t :yfgLo s/ dfkm{t /sdx? ;+sng u/]sf x'G5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm s]Gb|Lo
:t/af6 gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;=x?nfO{ ;f]em} cg'bfg (Block Grant) af6 ;d]t /sd k|fKt ePsf]
x'G5 . ljleGg >f]tx?af6 k|fKt gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;=x?sf] aflif{s ah]6af6 u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–
;+ef/sf nflu s]xL /sd /sd ljlgof]hg ul/g'kb{5 .

#=#=$ ;8s af]8{ g]kfnaf6 k|fKt x'g] >f]t

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf nflu ;8s af]8{ g]kfnaf6 klg k|To]s aif{ /sd ljlgof]hg
ul/Psf] x'G5 . pQm /sd k|fKt ug{ af]8{n] tf]s]sf lglZrt dfkb08 Pj+ zt{x? k"/f ug'{kb{5 .
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu ;8s af]8{ nufot cGo lgsfoaf6 xfn k|fKt eO{/x]sf] /sd
cfjZostfsf] t'ngfdf Go"g /x]sf] x'Fbf tL lgsfo nufot cGo :yfgLo >f]tsf] ;d]t clwstd
kl/rfng u/L u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu yk >f]t h'6fpg' kb{5 .

#=#=% ljleGg u|fdL0f ;8s lgdf{0f of]hgfx?af6 k|fKt x'g] >f]t

lh=lj=;=cGtu{t sfof{Gjog x'g] ;a} u|fdL0f ;8s of]hgfx?df ;8s lgdf{0f kZrft ;8ssf]
dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu lglZrt /sd 5'6\ofpg] ug'{kb{5 . o;/L gofF ;8s
lgdf{0f, k'g:yfkgf tyf ;8ssf] :t/f]Gglt ubf{ ;fwf/0ftof l{{gdf{0f vr{sf] % Ü /sd -dd{t–;+ef/
ljz]if sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g] /sdsf] cltl/Qm_ df g36\g] u/L ;8s dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu 5'6\ofpg]
ug'{ kb{5 . bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]udf ;+rfng x'g] ;8s of]hgfsf] xsdf ;d]t DRRMF sf] nflu

11
pNn]lvt /sd jf cfof]hgf b:tfj]h (Project Document) df pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] /sd
5'6\ofO{g' kb{5 .

u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu :yfgLo lgsfosf] tkm{af6 Aoxf]l/g' kg]{ kl/k"/s /sdsf]
c+z sDtLdf !)Ü x'g' kg]{5 .

lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ;+alGwt ;8ss} dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu
pkof]u ug{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 / cfaZostf cg';f/ lh=lj=;=sf] lg0f{odf cGo ;8sx?sf]
dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu ;d]t pkof]u ug{ ;lsg]5 .

#=#=^ cGo ljljw >f]tx?

dfly pNn]v u/]sf >f]tx?sf] cltl/Qm u|fdL0f If]qdf ;lqmo u}=;=;=(NGOs/INGOs) oftfoft
Joj;fodf ;+nUg JolQm tyf lgsfox? (Transport Entrepreneurs), k|ToIf nfeu|fxLx? cflbaf6
;d]t ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu yk >f]t kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .

12
 $= dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog
$=! kl/ro
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg k|:t't dd{t—;+ef/ Joj:yfkg
rqm (Management Cycle) cg';f/ ul/g' kb{5 .

;8ssf] ef}lts cj:yfsf]

nut ljj/0f tof/L

dd{t—;+ef/ ug'kg]{ sfo{sf]

n]vfhf]vf, ;j]{If0f tyf
k|f/lDes nfut tof/L

dd{t—;+ef/sf nflu ;8sx?sf]

k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f

k|fyldstfdf k/]sf ;8ssf]

dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] lj:t[t
cWoog tyf nfut tof/L]

Jfflif{s ;8s dd{t—;+ef/

of]hgf tof/L -dd{t—;+ef/sf]
sfo{;"rL tof/ ug{]_

dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf]
sfof{Gjog Aoj:yfkg k[i7kf]if0f
(Feedback)

dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] cg'udg,

d"NofÍg, sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg
tyf ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f

13
$=@ ;8ssf] ef}lts cj:yf (Physical Status) sf] nut ljj/0f (Inventory) tof/L
s'g} klg ;8s lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 pQm ;8ssf] cj:yf ;+aGwL nut ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5
. Ps k6s nut ljj/0f agfO;s] kl5 klg k|To]s aif{ To;sf] cWofjlws ul/g'kb{5 .

u|fdL0f ;8s nut ljj/0fsf] gd"gf kl/lzi6 …rÚ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnf :t/Lo tyf ufpFm :t/Lo ;8sx?sf nut ljj/0f cg';f/ k|To]s ;8ssf] :ynut lg/LIf0f
u/L ;8s tyf o;sf ;+/rgf (Structures) x?sf] j0f{g ;lxtsf] l:ylt lja/0f (Inventory) tof/
ug'{kb{5 .

$=# dd{t—;+ef/ ug'{ kg{] sfo{sf] n]vfhf]vf, ;j]{If0f tyf k|f/lDes nfut tof/L
k|To]s jif{ dd{t—;+ef/ ul/g] ;8sx?sf] lg/LIf0f u/L k|f/lDes nfut ;lxtsf] dd{t—;+ef/
of]hgf th'd{ f ug{' kb{5 .

$=$ dd{t—;+ef/sf nflu ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f

;a} u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu kof{Kt cfly{s >f]]t pknAw x'g] ;Defjgf Go"g /xg] x'Fbf
dd{t—;Def/ sfo{ u/fpg] ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kb{5 . dd{t—;+ef/sf] k|fyldstf
lgwf{/0f ubf{ dd{t—;+ef/ ;dodf gul/Pdf x'g;Sg] ;+efljt Ifltsf] ;d]t n]vfhf]vf u/L ;f]sf]
cfwf/df ul/g' kb{5 .

dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo lgsfo h:t}M ;8s af]8{ g]kfn, af6 /sd k|fKt ug{ lgwf{l/t
k|fjwfg cg';f/ k|yldstf lgwf{/0f tyf cGo dfkb08 k"/f ug'{kg]{5 .

dd{t—;+ef/ ul/g] ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f lhNnf :t/Lo / s]Gb| :t/Lo u/L b'O{ r/0fdf
ul/g]5 . lhNnf :t/df k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L aflif{s ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf (ARMP) tyf
jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf (YPO) tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . ;a} lhNnfx?af6 k|fKt aflif{s ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
of]hgfx?nfO{ PsLs[t u/L pknAw >f]t cg';f/ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df s]Gb|Lo :t/df 8f]ln8f/n]
PsLs[t jflif{s ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf (IARMP) tof/ ug]{5 .

dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstf lgDgfg';f/ lgwf{/0f ul/g] 5g\ M

lhNnf :t/Lo s]Gb| :t/Lo

Ö ;8ssf] cj:yf • lhNnfaf6 lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] k|fyldstf
Ö oftfoftsf] rfk (Traffic Volume) • lhNnfsf] sfof{Gjog Ifdtf
Ö lhNnfsf] k|fyldstf • lhNnfsf] ul/jL tyf k5\of}6]kgsf] l:ylt
Ö /0fgLlts dxTj • nfeflGjt hg;+Vof
14
 u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/sf nflu k|fyldsLs/0f tyf cg'dflgt nfut tflnsf kl/lzi6 …5Ú
df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

dd{t—;+ef/ ul/g] ;8ssf] 5gf}6 eO;s]kl5 pQm ;8sdf sfo{fGjog ul/g] dd{t—;+ef/sf
ls|ofsnfkx?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f kl/R5]b @=% cg';f/ ul/g]5 .

$=% jflif{s ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf tof/L

k|To]s jif{ dd{t—;+ef/sf sfo{x?sf] nflu ;8s tyf cfaZos dd{t ;+aGwL sfo{;"rL tof/ u/L
aflif{s dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ljz]if u/]/ ;DefJo
klx/f] If]q - Landslide Prone Area) tyf cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ :yfgx?sf] pNn]v ul/g'kb{5 / To:tf
7fpFx?df dd{t—;+ef/ ubf{ ljz]if ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kb{5 .

aflif{s ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% adf]lhd lhNnf kl/ifbaf6
:jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]sf] hfgsf/L 8f]ln8f/df ;d]t k7fpg'kg]{ 5 . s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 lgwf{l/t
dfkb08 cg';f/ u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'g ;Sg]5 . To;/L dd{t–
;+ef/sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd lgwf{l/t dfu{bz{g cg';f/ vr{ u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg
lgoldt ?kdf ;+alGwt lgsfo÷8f]ln8f/df k7fpg' kg]{5 . ;+alGwt :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 lgoldt
?kdf k|ltj]bg k|fKt gePdf pQm lgsfosf] nflu s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 ljlgof]lht ePsf] /sdsf]
lgsf;f gug{ tyf lgsf;f e} ;s]sf] eP ;f] /f]Ssf /fVg tyf lkmtf{ lng ;d]t ;lsg]5 .

$=^ dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog Aoj:yfkg

dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ cl3 a9fpg' cl3 sfof{Gjog Joj:yf, sfof{Gjog cjwf/0ff tyf sfof{Gjog
k|lqmofsf] rog u/L ;DalGwt lgsfo jf ;ldltaf6 :jLs[lt lng'kg]{5 .
$=^=! sfof{Gjog Joj:yf
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ s]Gb|Ls[t cyjf ljs]lGb|t, >dk|wfg cyjf k"FhLk|wfg, sfdbf/nfO{ ;f]e}m
k|of]u u/L jf pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] dfWodaf6 cyjf :yfgLo ;+u7g jf JolQmnfO{ 7]Ssf lbP/
u/fpg] eGg] laifodf lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltn] to u/] cg';f/ x'g]5 .
$=^=@ sfof{Gjog cjwf/0ff ( Implementation Approach)

u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^! (Local Infrastructure
Development Policy, 2061) sf] gLlt cg'?k >dd"ns, :yfgLo >f]td'vL, jftfj/0fd}qL k|ljlw
k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f tyf ;xeflutfTds ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff Pj+ xl/t ;8s
cjwf/0ff ;d]t cjnDjg u/L sfo{fGjog ul/g]5 .

15
$=^=# sfof{Gjog k|lqmof (Implementation Modality)

pknAw >dzlQm, j:t' tyf ;fwg, ljsf; sfo{df pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;xeflutfsf] tTk/tf cflb
s'/fx?nfO{ dWogh/ ub{} :yfgLo lgsfo -cfly{s k|zf;g_ lgodfjnL @)^$ sf] kl/lwleq /xL tn
pNn]lvt s'g} klg k|s[ofåf/f u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
pNn]lvt s'g} klg k|s[ofx? cjnDjg ubf{ dd{t—;+ef/ ug{] sfdbf/x?sf] ;'/Iff (Insurance) sf]
Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfon] ug{'kg{]5 .

$=^=#=! cdfgt -;f]e}m sfdbf/ lgo'lQm ul/g]_ k|lqmof

o; k|ls|ofdf sfof{Gjog ug{] lgsfon] cfˆg} ;fwg (Equipment) k|of]u u/L :yfoL jf c:yfoL
?kdf ;f]e}m sfdbf/sf] Aoj:yf u/L u/fO{g]5 . ;fwf/0ftof lgoldt dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf nflu of]
k|ls|of ckgfO{g]5 .
$=^=#=@ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfk{mt sfdbf/ ;d"x4f/f u/fpg] k|lqmof
o; k|lqmof cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nosf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t :yfgLo sfdbf/ ;d"x -nfeu|fxL jf pkef]Qmf ;d'bfo_
nfO{ kl/rfng u/L sfd u/fOG5 / ;DkGg sfdsf] cfwf/df e'QmfgL ul/G5 . ;fwf/0ftof ;8ssf]
glhs} a;f]af; ug{] sfdbf/ ;d'xnfO{ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/sf] lhDdf lbOg'kb{5 . pkef]Qmf
;ldltnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] k|lqmofdf :yfgLo of]ubfgsf] ?kdf /sd h'6fpg g;lsg] :yfgdf
>dbfgsf] ?kdf ;d]t hg;xeflutf h'6fpg ;lsg]5 . ;fwf/0ftof lgoldt / k6s] dd{t—;+ef/
sfo{sf] nflu / sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/L cGo dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf nflu ;d]t of] k|lqmof ckgfpg ;lsg]
5.

$=^=#=# :yfgLo 7]s]bf/ jf JolQm dfkm{t 7]Ssfdf sfd u/fpg] k|lqmof

;8s ;+ef/stf{ (Length Person) jf sfdbf/ ;d"x (Workers Group) af6 ;DkGg ug{ ;Dej
gePsf tyf k|fljlws b[li6n] hl6n Pj+ d]lzg/Lsf] pkof]u cfaZos kg]{ dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ dfq
7]s]bf/x? dfkm{t u/fO{g]5 . ;fwf/0ftof cfjlws dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ tyf k'g:y{fkgf h:tf 7"nf
k|s[ltsf sfo{ ug{sf nflu of] k|lqmof ckgfO{g]5 .

16
$=^=$ dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjog / lhDd]jf/ lgsfo tflnsf
qm=;= sfo{ ljj/0f lqmofsnfk lhDd]jf/ lgsfo
!= of]hgf th{'df • ljBdfg u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
• lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgf tof/ ug{] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
• cfjZos dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ tyf ;8sx?sf] klxrfg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
ug{]
@= sfo{qmd • lglZrt cfwf/ ckgfO{ ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
agfpg] / • l8hfO{g / nfut cg'dfg ;lxt lhNnfsf] jflif{s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
k|fyldstf ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf (ARMP) agfpg]
tf]Sg] • ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgf :jLs[t ug{] lhNnf kl/ifb\
• :yfgLo lgsfon] Joxf]g{] k"/s >f]tsf]] Joj:yfkg ug{] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
k|lta4tf
• kl/ifbaf6 kfl/t dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf hfgsf/Lsf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
nflu ljefudf k7fpg]
• PsLs[t jflif{s ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgf (IARMP) :yf=k"=lj= tyf s[=;=lj=
tof/ ug{] ÷:yf=lj=d=÷/f=of]=cf=
#= /fh:j • :yfgLo lhDd]jf/ lgsfox? aLr ;dGjo tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
kl/rfng / :yfgLo >f]t kl/rfng ug]{
ljQLo • lh=u|f=;=d=;=sf]if (DRRMF) :yfkgf tyf ;f]sf] a}+s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
Joj:yfkg vftf vf]Ng]
• :yfgLo lgsfon] Joxf]g{] c+z vftfdf hDdf ug{] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
$= ah]6 • cfGtl/s >f]t / s]Gb|af6 k|fKt x'g] >f]taf6 ;+rfng lh=lj=;=÷g=kf=
Joj:yfkg x'g] dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgfsf] nflu Jfflif{s ah]6
ljlgof]hg ug]{
• dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu s]Gb|af6 pknAw u/fO{g] >f]tsf] :yf=k"=lj= tyf s[=;=lj=÷
lgwf{l/t dfkb08 cg';f/ afF8kmfF8 ug{] :yf=lj=d=÷/f=of]=cf=
%= ;8s dd{t— • sfo{ kl/df0f (BoQ), :k]l;lkms];g, sfo{;"rL tof/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
;+ef/ tof/L • >d tyf ;fdfg cfk"lt{sf] ;do tflnsf agfpg] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
sfo{ • dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g tyf btf{ lh=lj=;=÷ pkef]Qmf
;ldlt
^= sfof{Gjog • sfo{ vl/b -pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf 7]Ssf k§f_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
Joj:yfkg • ;fdfg tyf ;]jf vl/b lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
• cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
• e'QmfgL lh=lj=;=÷pkef]Qmf;ldlt
• sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg lh=lj=;=÷8f]ln8f/
&= k|fljlws • Kf|fljlws sd{rf/L tf]Sg] lh=lj=;=÷ lh=k|f=sf=
;'kl/j]If0f • k|fljlws lgb{]zg tyf ;xof]u lh=lj=;=÷ lh=k|f=sf=
• ;'kl/j]If0f÷u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f lh=lj=;=÷ lh=k|f=sf=
• sfo{d"NofÍg lh=lj=;=÷ lh=k|f=sf=

17
qm= sfo{ ljj/0f lqmofsnfk lhDd]jf/ lgsfo
;=
* dd{t—;+ef/ • ;fdfg tyf ;fwg pknAw u/fpg] lh=lj=;=÷pkef]Qmf
sfo{ ;ldlt÷7]s]bf/
sfof{Gjog • dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ ug{] sfdbf/÷sfdbf/
;d"x÷7]s]bf/
• :yfgLo ljjfb ;dfwfg sfdbf/ ;d"x÷pkef]Qmf
;ldlt
( k|lzIf0f • Tfflnd cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug{] lhlj;÷8f]ln8f/
• :yfgLo pkef]Qmf cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{] lhlj;÷8f]ln8f/
• :yfgLo 7]s]bf/sf] nflu tflnd ;+rfng ug{] lhlj;÷8f]ln8f/
• k|fljlwsnfO{ tflnd ;+rfng ug{] lhlj;÷8f]ln8f/
• sfo{zfnf uf]i7L tyf cjnf]sg e|d0f lhlj;÷8f]ln8f/

!)= k|fljlws tyf • lhlj;nfO{ k|fljlws tyf Joj:yfksLo ;xof]u pknAw lh=k|f=sf=÷8f]ln8f/
Joj:yfksLo u/fpg] 8f]ln8f/÷:yf=lj=d=
;xof]u • gLlt lgdf{0f tyf ltgsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug{] :yf=lj=d=÷8f]ln8f/
• lhlj;nfO{ cfly{s >f]t pknAw u/fpg ;xof]u ug]{ :yf=lj=d=÷8f]ln8f/
!!= cg'udg tyf • Jff=;=d=;=of]= (ARMP) sf] k'g/fjnf]sg, cl8l6Ë tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
d"NofÍg l/kf]l6{Ë ug{]
• Jff=d=;=of]=sf] cg'udg tyf cfjlws k'g/fjnf]sg ug{]
8f]ln8f/÷;8s
af]8{÷:yf=lj=d=
• sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg cWoog 8f]ln8f/÷:yf=lj=d=÷/f=of]=
cf=
!@ ;8s pkof]u • u|fdL0f oftfoftsf] ;xL pkof]u / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lh=lj=;=÷8f]ln8f/÷
lgodg ug{] lgod, lgb]{lzsf, dfu{bz{g agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] :yf=lj=d=

• u|fdL0f oftfoft k4ltsf] ;+rfng / lgoGq0f ug{] lh=lj=;

18
 %= ;"rgf k|0ffnL / dd{t–;+ef/ cg'udg, d"NofÍg tyf k|ltj]bg
%=! u|fdL0f oftfoft Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL (RTMIS)

u|fdL0f oftfoft k"jf{wf/x?sf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t–;++ef/ sfo{x?sf] plrt Joj:yfkgsf nflu
8f]ln8f/df sDKo"6/df cfwfl/t s]Gb|Lo tYof+s k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . u|fdL0f oftfoft
cGt{utsf u|fdL0f ;8sx?, d"n af6f]x?, emf]n'Ë] k'nx?, k'n k'n];f, sNe6{x?, shj]x? OToflbsf]
nut / ef}lts cj:yfsf] laj/0f o; ……u|fdL0f oftfoft Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLÆ (RTMIS) df
cWofjlws u/L /flvg] 5 .

of] k¢ltsf] k|of]uaf6 lgDg tYof+sx? pknAw x'g]5g\ M

• u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] cWofjlws ljj/0f

• u|fdL0f ;8sx?df ag]sf k'nx?, sNe6{x?, ;tx k'n];f -shj]_ x? tyf cGo ;8s
;+/rgfx?sf] k|sf/ tyf cj:yf
• ljBdfg ;8sx?sf] nflu k'n, k'n];fsf] cfaZostf tyf ;+efJo:ynsf] klxrfg
• d'Vo jf :yfgLo af6f] tyf emf]n'Ë] k'n ;DaGwL ljj/0f

o; k|0ffnLdf /flvg] tYof+Íx?sf] lgoldt ?kdf cWofalws ug{ k|To]s lhla;n] tf]lsPsf] 9f+rfdf
tYofÍ ;+sng u/L o;sf] k|ltj]bg jflif{s ?kdf 8f]ln8f/ tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodf
k7fpg]]5 . tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{ qmddf u|fdL0f oftfoft ;"rgf k|0ffnLn] lg{lbi6 u/] cg';f/sf]
;f+s]lts -Coding_ k|0ffnLnfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ul/g]5 ;fy} k'n, sne6{ / shj]x?sf] nflu
klg sf]l8Ë k|0ffnL k|of]u ul/g]5 .

pknAw tYofÍx? u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] dd{t—;+ef/ ug]{ qmddf jflif{s dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{qmd agfpg
/ k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu k|of]u ul/g]5 .

klxnf] r/0fdf !) j6f gd"gf lhNnfx?sf] tYofÍ ;+sng u/L o; k|0ffnLdf /flvPsf] 5 / r/0fa¢
?kdf ;a} lhNnfx?df o; k|0ffnLsf] pkof]u u/L u|fdL0f oftfoft ;+aGwL ljj/0fx? cWofjlws
u/L /flvg]] 5 .

19
%=@ dd{t–;+ef/ s[ofsnfkx?sf] cg'udg, d"NofÍg tyf k|ltj]bg
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{s|d cGt{utsf ls|ofsnfkx?sf] lgu/fgL /fVg, o;af/] lglZrt
ul/Psf] k4lt / k|lqmof cg'z/0f eP gePsf] ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ :yfgLo u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt nufot lh=lj=;=x?sf] Ifdtfsf]
d"Nof+sg ug{ dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] lgoldt tyf k|efjsf/L cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] Joj:yf ul/g]
5.

dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] ;'kl/j]If0fdf ;+nUg k|fljlwsn] b}lgs ?kdf >lds, lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L, pks/0f /
sfo{ pknlAwsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

k|fljlws kIfjf6 ;fO{6 lg/LIf0f / ;+ef/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf ;+rflnt dd{t –;+ef/
sfo{sf] k|ult, k|efjsfl/tf / u'0f:t/ Pj+ ;8ssf] ;d:ofd"ns If]qsf] klxrfg ;lxtsf] ljj/0f
lgoldt ?kdf lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt -DRRMC_ tyf lh=lj=; ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg{]
5.

lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltn] k|fKt k|ltj]bgx? dfly 5nkmn / ;dLIff u/L ;ldltsf]
lg0f{o ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg{]5 .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltaf6 k|fKt x'g] k|ltj]bgx?nfO{
rf}dfl;s ?kdf ;dLIff u/L lg0f{o ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s
ljefu -8f]ln8f/_ df k7fpg' kg{]5 .

lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{non] ;d]t ;+rlnt u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgfx?sf] lgoldt ?kdf
k|fljlws ;'kl/j]If0f tyf lg/LIf0f u/L k|ult tyf sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg lh=lj=;= / 8f]ln8f/df
rf}dfl;s ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

8f]ln8f/n] lhNnfx?af6 k|fKt x'g] o:tf k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ cWoog u/L b]lvPsf gLltut tyf
k|fljlws ;d:ofx?nfO{ ljefusf tkm{af6 ;dfwfg ug{ k|oTgx? ug{] / ljefuaf6 ;d:of
;dfwfgsf nflu ePsf k|oTgx? ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg rf}dfl;s ?kdf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodf k]z
ug'{kg{]5 .

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ljefuaf6 k|fKt k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf]
l:yltsf af/]df ;dLIff ug{]5 / cfjZos lgb]{zg 8f]ln8f/nfO{ lbg]5 . 8f]ln8f/n] dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt
lgb]{zg tyf ;'emfa /fo ;Nnfx ;lxt sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lh=lj=;=df k7fpg]5 . lh=lj=;=n] ;f]
cg';f/ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt -
DRRMC_ nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg tyf hfgsf/L lbg]5 .

20
 ^= ;+:yfut tyf gLltut Joj:yf
^=! e"ldsf
:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^! df pNn]v ePcg';f/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cfkm}n] dd{t—;+ef/
ug{] cfof]hgf afx]s :yfgLo lgsfon] ljBdfg k"jf{wf/x?sf] dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu cfjZos ah]6
Joj:yf kZrft\ dfq gofF cfof]hgfx?sf] nflu ah]6 afF8kmf8F ug'{kg{]5 . dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu
cfjZos >f]tsf] :ki6 klxrfg tyf sfof{Gjogsf] plrt aGbf]a:t gu/L gofF cfof]hgfx?
;~rfng ul/g] 5}gg\ .

plrt dd{t—;+ef/ gx'g] kl/l:yltdf yk gofF ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ tkm{ ;s];Dd hf]8 lbg'xF'b}g .
s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ jf bft[ ;+:yfn] ;8s agfOlbPkl5 dd{t—;+ef/ klg ul/lbG5 eGg] ;f]r g} abNg'
cfjZos 5 . ;fy} dd{t—;+ef/ ug{] ;+:yfut Joj:yf klg :yfgLo txdf g} ul/g' kb{5 . t;y{
dd{t—;+ef/sf] lhDdf lng :yfgLo :t/df ;+ul7t dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt x'g'kb{5 . of] ;ldltnfO{
;8ssf] x]/rfx ug{, dd{t—;+ef/ ug{ / ;8sdf cfjudg ug{] jfxgx?df k|rlnt P]g cg';f/
b:t'/ nufO{ >f]t h'6fpg] clwsf/ lbOg' kg]{5 .

^=@= u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ug{] k|lta¢tf

bft[ ;+:yfx? nufot cGo s'g} klg >f]taf6 ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ ;lsP kl5 dd{t—;+ef/ tyf
;+rfngsf] nflu :yfgLo :t/d} cfTdlge{/tf x'g' kg{]5 . ;8ssf] lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf kl/cfpg]
dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{nfO{ ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{s} cË dfgL lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gx'Fbf;Dd of]hgfaf6}
cfjZos cfly{s ef/ jxg ul/g] 5 . ;8ssf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;8s lgdf{0faf6
nfeflGjt If]qsf uflj;x?, lh=lj=; / ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ lhDdf lng] ;+ul7t pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf
u|fdL0f ;d'bfon] ;8snfO{ dd{t—;+ef/ u/]/ ;'rf? /fVg] k|lta4tf (Commitment) ;lxt
cfaZos lhDd]jf/L lng' kg{]5 .

;8s pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?n] agfO;s]sf ;8sx?sf] cfkm}n] dd{t–;+ef/ ug{] cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf;
ug{] tyf ;+rfngsf] nflu cfaZos Aoj:yfkg ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ug{ -
:jfjnDag÷jrt_ cfo cfh{g ;d"xx? -c? ;+ul7t :jfjnDag, C0f tyf art, s[ifs, jg, cfdf
cflb ;d"xx?_ ;Fu ;d]t ;dGjo ug{ ;lsg]5 .

u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] plrt dd{t—;+ef/ ;lxt lbuf] pkof]lutf ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu :yfgLo
lgsfosf] cfkm\g} >f]t, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;zt{ tyf lgMzt{ cg'bfg cGtu{t ;8s If]qsf] nflu
aflif{s ?kdf ljlgof]hg x'g] s"n /sdsf] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt /sd -dd{t ;+ef/ sf]ifx?df hfg]
/sd afx]s_ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu pkof]u ul/g' kg]{5 .

^=#= lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt -DRRMC_

lhNnf :t/df u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf]] Joj:yfkgsf nflu lh=lj=;=n] b]xfo cg';f/sf]
lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt -DRRMC_ sf] u7g ug'{kg{]5 .
21
 != lhlj; ;efklt jf lghn] tf]s]sf] lh=lj=;=;b:o cWoIf
@= ;+of]hs ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:o
#= lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf k|ltlglw ;b:o
$= ;DalGwt l8lehg ;8s sfof{nosf k|fljlws k|ltlglw ;b:o
%= lhNnf el/sf ;8s dd{t— ;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdWo]af6
cWoIfn] tf]s]adf]lhd Ps hgf k'?if / Ps hgf dlxnf k|ltlglw ;b:o
^= lhNnf:t/Lo oftfoft Joj;foLsf k|ltlglw ;b:o
&= lhlj; ;lrj ;b:o
*= lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no k|d'v ;b:o ;lrj
pQm lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt -DRRMC_ n] lgDgfg';f/sf] sfo{ ug]{5
• u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]ifsf nflu :yfgLo >f]tx?sf] klxrfg / kl/rfng ug,]{
• dd{t—;+ef/ ug'{kg]{ u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] klxrfg kl5 lglZrt dfkb08 cg';f/ ;8sx?sf]
k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ / l;kmfl/; ug]{,
• dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu :jLs[t of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug]{,
• dd{t—;+ef/sf nflu ;+rfngdf /x]sf u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{,
• dd{t—;+ef/ ;DaGwL sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] / ;+rfngdf /x]sf u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] ;DjGwdf
sDtLdf k|To]s $ dlxgfdf Ps k6s a}7s a;L ;dLIff ug]{ / ;dLIff k|ltj]bg lh=lj=;=
df k]z ug]{ .
^=$ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt
lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltsf] cltl/Qm :yfgLo :t/df cfof]hgfnfO{ lbuf] ?kdf
dd{t–;+ef/ tyf ;+rfng ug{ k|To]s u|fdL0f ;8sdf sDtLdf Pp6f æ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf
;ldltÆ u7g ul/g]5, . o; ;ldltn] u|f=;=d=;= ;ldlt -DRRMC_ sf] lgb]{zgdf sfd ug]{ 5 .

;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$
adf]lhd ;8ssf k|ToIf nfeu|fxL pkef]Qmfx?sf] e]nfaf6 ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] ;ldlt ;8sn] 5'g] ;a}
If]q÷uf=lj=;=af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g], s'n ;b:o;+Vofsf] ## k|ltztdf g36\g] u/L dlxnf ;b:o /
blnt, cflbjf;L / hghfltsf] ;d]t oyf]lrt k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L lgDg cg';f/sf kbflwsf/L /xg]
u/L ;dfj]zL ?kdf u7g ul/g]5 . ;+alGwt :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 ;f] ;ldltsf] ljlwjt ?kdf
;"rLs/0f, btf{ tyf gjLs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
cWoIf M
pkfWoIf M
;lrj M
sf]iffWoIf M
;b:ox? M % b]lv & hgf
hDdf ( b]lv !! hgf
;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] k|rlnt P]g tyf lgodfjnL cg';f/ :yfgLo lgsfosf]
;xdltdf pko'Qm ljwfg agfO{ cfkm\gf] u7g k|lqmof, sfo{If]q tyf sfo{ljlwnfO{ :ki6 kfg{ ;Sg]5 .

;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ljwfgsf] gd'gf kl/lzi6 “h” df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

22
^=% ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;+aGwL gLlt tyf sfo{gLlt
^=%=! ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ tyf Aoj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L

• lhNnf oftfoft u'?of]hgf (DTMP) n] auL{s/0f u/]sf] lhNnf :t/Lo tyf u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf
nflu of] dd{t–;+ef/ lgb]{l{zsf nfu" x'g]5 .
• lhNnf :t/df u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf]] Joj:yfkgsf nflu lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s
dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt -DRRMC_ sf] u7g ug'{kg{]5 .
• k|To]s u|fdL0f ;8ssf] nflu sDtLdf Pp6f ……;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltÚÚ u7g u/L
dd{t ;+ef/sf] nflu lhDd]jf/L lbOg]5 .
• lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltdf ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt tyf ;8s
lgdf{0f pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?af6 klg k|ltlglwx? dgf]gog ul/g]5 .
• ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g ;ldltsf] ljwfg cg'?k 8flsPsf] :yfgLo
pkef]Qmfx?sf] e]nfåf/f ul/g]5 .
• ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} tf]Sg] 5 tyf ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ ul/Psf] ljwfg cg'?k ;+rflnt x'g]5 .
• u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t pkef]Qmf ;d"xaf6 sfd u/fpg] Aoj:yf
tyf pQm ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$
cg';f/ x'g]5 .

;8s dd{t–;+ef/;+u ;+nUg lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf kl/lzi6 æemÆ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

^=%=@= dd{t–;+ef/ tyf ;+rfng Aoj:yfkg ;+aGwL gLlt lgodx?

lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]ifsf] /sd u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] dd{t–;+ef/df dfq} vr{ ug{
kfOg]5 . ;8s pkof]u afjt :yf=:jf=zf=P]g tyf lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;DalGwt :yfgLo
lgsfojf6 lg0f{o u/fO{ ;jf/L ;fwg s/ nfu' ug{ ;lsg]5 . PDa'n]G; / bdsn afx]s cGo ;a}
;jf/L ;fwgn] ;jf/L s/ ltg'{kg]{5 .

u|fdL0f ;8sdf ;jf/L ;+rfng ;+aGwdf lgDg cg';f/sf] Aoj:yf ldnfO{g] 5 M

• ;fwf/0ftof df6] ;8sx?df ;+alGwt :yfgLo lgsfon] jiff{b -c;f/, ;fpg / ebf}_ sf]
;dodf ;8ssf] cj:yf x]/L ;8sdf ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg aGb]h nufpg] 5 .
• To;}u/L df6] ;8sx?df ^ 6g -uf8Lsf] tf}n ;d]t_ eGbf dflysf] ux|f} ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{
;8sdf rNg k|ltaGw nufOg]5 .
• jiff{df ;8s aGb ug'{eGbf !% lbg cufl8 g} ;=d=;=p=;=n] :yfgLo lgsfosf]
;xdltdf ;8s aGb ul/g] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{5 .

23
 • ;jf/L ;fwgx? rnfpg /f]s nufOPsf] ;dodf lg0f{o ljk/Lt ;jf/L rnfpg] uf8L
wgLx?nfO{ :yf=:jf=zf=P]=tyf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;+alGwt :yfgLo
lgsfosf] lg0f{o cg';f/ h/Ljfgf tf]Sg ;lsg] 5 .

^=%=# dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{ ;do tflnsf

• lgoldt dd{t M lgoldt dd{t–;+ef/ aif{sf] afx|} dlxgf ;~rfng ul/g]5 . aiff{bsf] ;dodf
lgoldt dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu yk >ldsx?sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
• cfsl:ds dd{t–;+ef/ M aif{sf] s'g} klg ;do / ljz]if u/L aiff{bsf] dlxgfx?df cfaZostf
cg';f/ cfsl:ds dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ u/fO{G5 h;sf nflu ljut jif{x?sf] cg'ejnfO{ ;d]t
Wofgdf /fvL oy]i6 ah]6 Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .
• /f]syfdd"ns dd{t–;+ef/M ;+efljt hf]lvd Pj+ pknAw >f]tsf] cfwf/df aif{sf] s'g} klg ;do
/f]syfdd"ns dd{t–;+ef/ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

^=%=$ dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ sfof{Gjog ;+aGwL Joj:yf

• u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t u/fFpbf :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g
lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !%% / !%^ cg';f/ u/fO{g'kb{5 .
• ;=d=;=p=;=n] lg0f{o u/L lgoldt dd{t–;+ef/ (Routine Maintenance) sfo{ ;8s ;+ef/stf{
(Length Person) k4lt jf sfdbf/ ;d"x (Worker Group) sf] Aoj:yf u/L ;DkGg ug]{5 .
;8ssf] cj:yf x]/L ;fwf/0ftof # b]lv % ls=dL= ;8s nDafO{sf nflu Pp6f ;8s
;+ef/stf{sf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
• lgoldt dd{tsf nflu cg'aGw ul/Psf sfdbf/x?sf] 8f]/ xflh/ kmf/fd e/L] ;'k/efO{h/ /
k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;df ;=d=;=p=;=n] e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
• /f]syfdd"ns dd{t–;+ef/ (Preventive Maintenance) sfo{ cfjZos kl/df0fsf cfwf/df
O{li6d]6 tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
• k6s] tyf cfjlws dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu ;d]t :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ :jLs[t nfut
O{l:6d]6sf] cfwf/df ;=d=;=p=;= / lh=lj=;=÷lh=k|f=sf=ljr sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;Demf}tf
ul/g'kb{5 . ;=d=;=p=;=n] pQm sfo{ sfdbf/ ;d"x agfO{ u/fpg]5 / sfdsf] e'QmfgL
k|fljlwssf] d"Nofªsg cg';f/ ;=d=;=p=;=n] ug]{5 .
• ;8s ;+ef/stf{ (Length Person) jf sfdbf/ ;d"x (Building Group) af6 ;DkGg ug{ ;Dej
gePsf tyf k|fljlws b[li6n] hl6n Pj+ d]lzg/Lsf] pkof]u ug'{ kg]{ dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ dfq
7]Ssfk§f k|lqmofaf6 u/fO{g]5 .
• nfut O{li6d]6 tyf d"NofÍgsf] nflu b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ :yf=k"=lj=tyf s[=;=lj= -8f]ln8f/_ sf]
gDf{; jf ;f] df ;dfj]z gePsf dd{t–;+ef/ ;+aGwL sfo{sf] xsdf cGo gd{\; / ;f]df ;d]t
;dfj]z gePsf] xsdf k|rlnt P]g, lgodfjnLdf Aoj:yf eP cg';f/ ;+alGwt :yfgLo
lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t gd{\; cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

24
^=%=% k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf

;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos k|fljlws hgzlQm lh= lj= ;= cGtu{t lhNnf k|fljlws
sfof{noaf6 pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu lh=k|f=sf=n] ;+alGwt k|fljlwsx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/L
;lxtg} tf]sL v6fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L lh=lj=;=÷lh=k|f=sf=af6 cfaZos k|fljlws hgzlQm pknAw
x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf lh=lj=;=sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ uf=lj=;= jf ;+alGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cfkm}n]
k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] Aoj:yf u/L ;]jf lng ;lsg]5 .

^=%=^ tflnd / hghfu/0f

;=d=;=p=;= sf] dfu / cfjZostf cg';f/ lh=lj=;=n] ;8s dd{t-;Def/ ;DjGwL tflnd
pknAw u/fpg]5 . ;=d=;=p=;= n] :yfgLo :t/df ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ tyf ;8ssf] lbuf]
pkof]usf nflu hghfu/0f cleofg rnfpg]5 .

25
 ^=^ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;DjGwL sfo{ of]hgf
;8s dd{t–;+ef/ / ;+rfng ;+aGwdf :ki6 sfo{ tflnsf ;lxtsf] sfo{ of]hgf agfO{ nfu" ul/g]5
. h:sf] gd"gf tn pNn]v u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;8ssf] gfd M=========================u|fdL0f ;8s ;8ssf] nDjfO{ M ============ls=dL=

lhNnf M ============================= ;8sn] 5f]Psf gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=; j8fx?
M =================================================
sfo{tflnsf

qm=;+ lqmofsnfk ;DkGg ug]{ ;do lhDd]jf/ lgsfo s}lkmot

=
!= ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt
-;d;p;_ u7g ug]{
s_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] e]nf af]nfpg] ======================= lh=u|f=;=d=;=;=÷uf=lj=;=
pkef]Qmf
v_ ;=d=;=p=;= u7g tyf ljwfg btf{ ======================= ;d"x÷p=;=÷uf=lj=;=

u=_ ;=d=;=p=;= u7gsf] hfgsf/L lbg ======================= uf=lj=;=÷p=;=

@ ;d;p; sf] a}+s vftf vf]Ng] / ;f] af/] ===================== ;=d=;=p=;=÷uf=lj=;=
hfgsf/L lh=lj=;=, lh= u|f=;=d=;=;= /
uf=lj=;= nfO{ lbg]
# ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ gLlt agfO lh=lj=;= ===================== ;=d=;=p=;=, lh=lj=;=
af6 cg'df]bg ug]{
$ ;jf/L s/sf] b/ tf]Sg] ===================== ;=d=;=p=;=, lh=lj=;=

% gofF b/ cg';f/sf] ;jf/L s/ p7fpg ===================== ;=d=;=p=;=

;'? ug]{
^= sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ug]{
&= ;8s x:tfGt/0f ug]{
s_ of]hgfsf] ljj/0f / x:tfGt/0f
kmf/fd tof/ ug]{
v_ of]hgf x:tfGt/0f ug]{
*= dd{t–;+ef/ Joj:yfkg tflnd lbg]
(= dd{t–;+ef/ of]hgf tof/ ug]{
===================== lh=lj=;=, gu/kflnsf,
uf=lj=;=, ;=d=;=p=;=
lgdf{0f k"/f lh=lj=;=, lh=u|f=;=d=;=;=,
ePkl5 ;=d=;=p=;=
===================== lh=lj=;=, lhNnf k|fljlws
sfof{no, cfof]hgf
lgdf{0f k"/f lh=lj=;=, lh=u|f=;=d=;=;=,
ePkl5 ;=d=;=p=;=

26
^=& ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sf]if :yfkgf
k|To]s lh=lj=;=n]] ælhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt -DRRMC_ sf] kxndf :yfgLo æ;8s
dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltÆ åf/f kl/rfng x'g] u/L dd{t—;+ef/ sf]if :yfkgf ug]{5 . ;f] sf]ifdf
lh=lj=;=, uf=lj=;=x? af6 ;+alGwt ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu k|fKt /sdx? /xg]5g\ . o;
cltl/Qm :yfgLo ;8s dd{t—;++ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] :jLs[t lawfg adf]lhd yk >f]tx? ;d]t
h'6fO{ /sd ;+ro ug]{ / sf]ifsf] kl/rfng ug]{5 .

;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sf]ifdf lgDgfg';f/ /sd hDdf ul/g]5M

!= ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] lh=lj=;=sf] :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] ;8sdf
dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu DRRMF af6 ljlgof]hg e} k|fKt x'g] /sd
@= ;+alGwt ;8s dd{tsf] nflu lh=lj=;=af6 k|lt ls=dL=k|lt jif{sf] lx;fan] pknJw x'g] /sd
#= :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% cg';f/ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] :jLs[lt cg';f/ ;8s dd{tsf]
nflu ;8sn] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ uf=lj=;=x? -;8sn] 5'g] / g5'g] ;d]t_ af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd
$= ;8sdf u'8\g] ;jf/L ;fwgx?af6 ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sfsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfosf] :jLs[lt
cg';f/ p7fO{Psf] ;jf/L s/, hl/jfgf /sd
%= ;8saf6 k|ToIf nfe k|fKt ug]{ 3/—kl/jf/ Pj+ cGo pkef]Qmfx?af6 k|fKt gub jf :j]lR5s
>d jfktsf] /sd
^= s]Gb|Lo :t/df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]if cGtu{t aflif{s jh]6d} ls6fg
ul/Psf] /sdaf6 tf]lsPsf] ;8sdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf nflu
lh=lj=;=dfkm{t pknAw x'g] /sd
& =;8s af]8{ g]kfnaf6 tf]lsPsf] ;8ssf] dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu ljlgof]lht /sd dWo]af6
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t sfof{Gjog ul/g] sfo{x?sf nflu lh=lj=;= dfkm{t k|fKt x'g] /sd
*= cGo :yfgLo lgsfo h:t}M gu/kflnsf tyf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltjf6 ;+alGwt ;8ssf] dd{t–
;+ef/sf nflu jflif{s ?kdf Psd'i6 jf k|lt ls= dL=sf] b/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sd
(= lh=lj=;=sf] ;xdlt cg';f/ ljleGg cfof]hgfx?af6 pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? dfkm{tg} tf]lsPsf]
;8ssf] dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{df k|of]u ug]{ zt{df 5'6\ofO{Psf] /sd

pbfx/0fsf] nflu u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmd (Rural Community Infrastructure
Works) tyf ljs]lGb|t u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ tyf hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ sfo{qmd (Decentralized Rural
Infrastructure and Livelihood Project) cGtu{t ;+rflnt u|fdL0f ;8sx?df dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu
lhNnf:t/df Ps dd{t—;+ef/ sf]if v8f ug]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . ;f] sf]ifaf6 lh=lj=;=sf] lg0f{o
cg';f/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t dd{t–;+ef/ ul/g] ;8ssf nflu :jLs[t /sdx? ;8s dd{t–
;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g'kb{5 . RCIW cfof]hgfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt
lh=lj=;= tyf uf=lj=;= k|To]sn] qmdzM sDtLdf ? $))).– -rf/ xhf/_ / ?=@))).– -b'O{
xhf/_ k|lt lsnf]dL6/ k|lt jif{sf b/n] lgdf{0f z'? ePb]lv g} lh=lj=;=sf] :jLs[ltdf lhNnf
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]if cGtu{t ;=d=;=pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] vftfdf hDdf ub}{ hfg]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

27
 kl/lzi6 — s
u|fdL0f ;8sx¿sf] juL{s/0f

:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu (DoLIDAR) sf] APPROACH for the
Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 1999 cg';f/ u|fdL0f oftfoft ;+hfnnfO{
lgDg % >]0fLdf juL{s/0f ul/Psf 5g\ .

s= u|fdL0f ;8s …sÚ >]0fL -lhNnf ;8s÷District Road, RRA_

;a} k|sf/sf u|fdL0f ;8sx? h;n] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L d'Vo lj:tf/ s]Gb| -ahf/, ko{6sLo
s]Gb|, pBf]u, cflb_ cyjf ljleGg uf=lj=;=x?nfO{ ;f]xL lhNnfsf] cyjf l5d]sL lhNnfsf]
;b/d'sfd;Fu k|ToIf ?kn] cyjf /fli6«o /0fgLlts ;8s ;+hfn;Fu hf]8\b5 .

v= u|fdL0f ;8s …vÚ >]0fL -ufpFm:t/lo ;8s÷Village Road, RRB)

• ;a} u|fdL0f ;8sx? h;n] uf=lj=;= s]Gb|nfO{ lgDg lnlvt s'g} Ps :yfg;Fu hf]8\b5 M
Ö csf]{ uf=lj=;= s]Gb|
Ö /fli6«o /0fgLlts ;8s ;+hfn
Ö lhNnf ;8s
Ö ;f]xL lhNnf jf l5d]sL lhNnfsf] d'Vo lj:tf/ s]Gb|

• ;a} s[lif ;8sx? h;n] s[lif e"ldnfO{ ;fgf ahf/ s]Gb| jf s[lifhGo pTkfbg s]Gb| -lrgL
pBf]u, vfB k|zf]wg pBf]u, cflb_ nfO{ hf]8\b5 .

• ;a} u|fdL0f ;8sx? h;n] Pp6f ufpFsf] ljz]if :yn -gbL 3f6, ;fgf ahf/ s]Gb|, ljBfno,
:jf:y rf}sL, cfjf;Lo If]q, ;fd'bflos jg, 3§, pBf]u, u|fdL0f ljB't s]Gb|, >[vnfj4 s'jfx?
OToflb_ nfO{ lgDg :yfg;Fu hf]8\b5 M
Ö ufpFsf] uf=lj=; s]Gb|
Ö uf=lj=;= leqsf c? 7fpF
Ö l5d]sL uf=lj=;=sf] Ps :yfg
Ö /fli6«o /0fgLlts ;8s ;+hfn
Ö lhNnf ;8s

u= u|fdL0f ;8s …uÚ >]0fL -d"naf6f] / Main Trail, RRC)

uf8L u'8\g g;Sg] ;a} uf]/]6f]÷3f]8]6f] af6f] h;n] Pp6f uf=lj=;= s]Gb|nfO{, lgDg s'g} Ps;Fu
hf]8\b5M
Ö ;f]xL lhNnf jf l5d]sL lhNnfsf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd

28
 Ö /fli6«o /0fgLlts ;8s ;+hfn
Ö lhNnf ;8s
Ö ufpF ;8s
Ö ;f]xL lhNnf jf l5d]sL lhNnfsf] Pp6f d'Vo lj:tf/ s]Gb|

3= u|fdL0f ;8s …3Ú >]0fL -:yfgLo jf6f] ⁄ Village Trail, RRD)

uf8L u'8\g g;Sg] ;a} uf]/]6f]÷3f]8]6f] af6f] h;n] ufpFsf] Ps :yfgnfO{ lgDg s'g} Ps;Fu
hf]8\b5 M
Ö ufpFsf] uf=lj=; s]Gb|
Ö uf=lj=;= leqsf c? 7fpF
Ö l5d]sL uf=lj=;=sf] s'g} Ps 7fpF
Ö /fli6«o /0fgLlts ;8s ;+hfn
Ö ufpF ;8s
Ö u|fdL0f ;8s
Ö d"n jf6f]
Ö ufpFsf cGo jf6f]

ª= u|fdL0f ;8s …ªÚ >]0fL -/Hh' dfu{÷Rope Way, RRE)

pRr lxdfnL tyf kxf8L If]q, hxfF d"njf6f] -pko'St rf}8fO{ ;lxtsf]_ lgdf0f{ ;Dej 5}g, /f]kj]
-/Hh' dfu{_ pko'Qm x'g ;Sb5 . o:tf /f]kj]x?sf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] b}lgs pkef]Uo ;fdfg,
OGwg, dn, s[lif ;fdu|L / kz'hGo pTkfbg cflb d'Vo If]qdf cf];f/ k;f/ ug'{ xf], hxfF pRr
d"No km;n pTkfbg ul/G5 . /f]kj] lgd{f0fsf] nflu cfaZos vr{ / aflif{s dd{t—;+ef/ vr{nfO{
To; If]qdf o;sf] pkof]uaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s kmfObfx?af6 dgfl;j 7x/\ofpg
;lsG5 .

29
 kl/lzi6 — v= !

u|fdL0f ;8ssf æl8hfOg u'0f:t/dfgÆ (Rural Road Design Standards)

kl/efiff
l8hfOg IfdtfM -u|fdL0f ;8s …sÚ tyf …vÚ >]0fLnfO{ dfq nfu' x'g]_

l8hfOg Ifdtf -l8hfOg oftfoft rfk, Design Traffic Volume_ n] u|fdL0f ;8ssf] >]0fL
lgwf{/0fdf cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 . hf]l8Psf] ;8s ;+hfnsf] :t/sf] cfwf/df klg u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf]
>]0fL lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . ;8ssf] ;]jf :t/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;8sdf ljBdfg jf eljiodf ylkg
;Sg] ;jf/L rfk cg';f/ >]0fL :t/f]Gglt x'g ;S5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, olb ;8ssf] ;jf/L rfk
pRr ePsf] v08df …vÚ >]0fLsf] ;8snfO{ …sÚ >]0fLdf kl/jt{g ug{' kg]{ x'g ;S5 .

l8hfO{g Ifdtfn] Lay-byes (Passing Zones) sf] cGt/fn to ug]{ cfwf/ ;d]t k|bfg ub{5 .

l8hfOg ultM -u|fdL0f ;8s …sÚ tyf …vÚ >]0fLnfO{ dfq nfu' x'g]_

a9L ultsf] nflu l8hfOg ul/bf l8hfO{g :6f088{ klg ;f]xL cg';f/ pRr x'g'kb{5, h;n] ;8s
;'/Iff, Ifdtf, k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ ;'ljwfsf ;fy} oftfoft ;+rfng vr{ sd ug]{ ;'lglZrttf ub{5
. l8hfOg ultsf] 5gf}6 ;8ssf] >]0fL, ;jf/Lsf] rfk, pknAw ah]6 / ef}uf]lns cj:yf, cflbdf
e/ kb{5 .

ef}uf]lns cj:yfM -u|fdL0f ;8s …sÚ …vÚ …uÚ tyf …3Ú >]0fLnfO{ dfq nfu' x'g]_

Eff}uf]lns cj:yf, hxfFjf6 u|fdL0f ;8s oftfoftsf] dfu{ lj:tf/ eP/ hfG5, h;n] ;8ssf]
HofldtLo :6f088{ -jfxgkysf] rf}8fO{, ;8s If]q, df]8sf] cw{Aof;, r9fO{, ;nfdL, kf; lbg]
7fpFsf] cGt/fn cflb_ sf] 5gf}6nfO{ l;w} c;/ ub{5 . ef}uf]lns cj:yfdf cfwfl/t tTjx? h:t}
b'a} kl§sf e"–pkof]u, e"ldsf] pknAwtf, k|fs[lts cj/f]w -jg, le/fnf kxf8, pRr ultsf kfgL
aUg] 7fpF, ;8s glhs} ul/g] wfg v]tL, hl6n ef}uf]lns ;+/rgf OToflb_ n] ;8ssf] vf;u/L
HofldtLo :6f088{df c;/ kfg{ ;S5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu kxf8sf ;8sx?df e"ldsf] ;Lldt
pknAwtfn] ubf{ si6k|b x'G5 eg] t/fO{sf ;8sx?df o:tf] ufx|f] gx'g] x'G5 .

30
 kl/lzi6 — v=@

u|fdL0f ;8ssf æl8hfOg u'0f:t/dfgÆ (Rural Road Design Standards)

l8hfOg u'0f:t/dfg M -u|fdL0f ;8s …sÚ …vÚ …uÚ tyf …3Ú >]0fLsf ;8sx?nfO{ dfq_

u|fdL0f oftfoft ;+hfn l8hfOg ubf{ tyf dd{t—;+ef/ ubf{ tn lbOPsf dfkb08x?nfO{ cg'z/0f
ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . -8f]ln8f/ u'0f:t/dfg_
qm=; l8hfOg kf/fdL6/ …sÚ >]0fL u|fdL0f ;8s …vÚ >]0fL u|fdL0f ;8s …u >]0fL …3 >]0fL
= -lhNnf ;8s_ -ufpF:t/Lo ;8s_ u|fdL0f u|fdL0f
;8s ;8s
d"njf6f] -:yfglo
jf6f]_
kxf8 t/fO{ kxf8 t/fO{
! l8hfOg Ifdtf – b'j} tk{m uf8L ;+Vof @)) $)) !)) @))
-OsfO{ k|lt lbg_ -$))_ -*))_ -@))_ -$))_
@ l8hfOg ult -ls=dL= k|lt 306f_ @) $) !% #)
# ;8s If]q -;8ssf] s]Gb|af6 b'j} tkm{_ !) !) &=% &=% @=% !=%
$ ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ -dL=_ %=) ^=) $=) $=% @=) !=@
% Jffxg kysf] rf}8fO{ -d=_ #=) #=) #=) #=) @=) !=@
^ b'j} tkm{sf ;f]N8/sf] hDdf rf}8fO{ -dL=_ !=) !=% )=% )=&% ) )
& ;8ssf] ;tx u|fe]n u|fe]n – – – –
* df]8sf] Go"gtd cw{Aof; -dL=_ !) @) !) @)
( clwstd cf};t r9fO{ -&% dL= ;Dd_ (Max. * % * %
Average gradient)
!) clwstd r9fO{ !@ & !@ &
(Maximum gradient)
!! k|To]s %)) ld=sf] b/n] a9\g] prfO{sf] nflu )=%) – )=%) –
nDafO{ tk{msf] ;lhnf] u/fpg] r8fO{ Ü
!@ kxf8L ;8ssf] nflu Go"gtd r8fO{ -Ü_ kfgL ! – ! –
lgsf;fsf] nflu (Minimum gradient)
!# k'ndf clwsQd jf9Lsf] ;txaf6 rflxg] v'Nnf )=%) )=%) )=%) )=%) )=%) )=%)
efu -ld=_ (Free Board)
!$ /f]Sgsf] nflu rflxg] Go"gtd b"/L -dL=_ @) $) !% #)
!% Affxg kysf] ;nfdL (Camber) Ü $ $ % %
!^ ;f]N8/sf] ;nfdL (Camber) Ü % % % %
!& sne6{÷k'nsf] jfxgkysf] rf}8fO{ -dL=_ #=) #=) #=) #=) @=) !=@
!* n] jfO{÷kf; lbg] 7fpFsf] ;fOh -dL X dL_ #=) X @) #=) X @) #=) X @) #=) X @)
!( n] jfO{÷kf; lbg] 7fpFsf] cGt/fn -dL_ #)) %)) #)) %))
dfly :6\of088{df gb]lvPsf] lgDg lnlvt l8hfOg :6f088{ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ .
-;8ssf] nflu xl/t ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ cjwf/0ffdf tyf u|f=;f=k"=lj=sf=sf] cg'ejdf cfwfl/t_
! jflif{s cf};t b}lgs ;jf/L ;fwg ;+Vof $) @)
(AADT)
@ clwstd ef/jxg Ifdtf (Axle Load) -6g_ * ^

# @) ld eGbf sd cw{Jof;sf df]8x¿sf] @ @

cltl/Qm rf}8fO{ -dL_

31
 kl/lzi6 — u

ljleGg ;8s ;txx?df ul/g] dd{t–;+ef/ lqmofsnfkx?

(Maintenance Activities on Different Road Surfaces)

dd{t –;+ef/sf] sfnf] kq] ;8s (Black Topped Road) v08fl:dt ;8s df6] ;8s
k|sf/ (Gravelled Road) (Earthen
Road)
lgoldt dd{t • ;8s lsgf/fsf] 9nsf] ;kmfO, sNe6{ ;kmfO, k'nsf] ;kmfO{, 9nnfO{ ;fdfGo ?kdf
–;+ef/ km]/abn ug]{,
(Routine • ;8s ;tx ;kmf ug]{,
Maintenance)
• ;8s lsgf/fsf] dd{t ;Def/,
• ;8s ;tx / 5]p5fpdf pd|]sf] 3fF; / emf/kft x6fpg],
• ;fdfGo vfnsf] klx/f] jf e":jvng x6fpg],
• ;8sdf /flvPsf cGo ;+/rgf (Road Furniture) sf] ;kmfO{ ug]{,
k6s] dd{t – • gfnL dd{t sfo{
;+ef/ • sNe6{, ;tx gfnL dd{t sfo{
(Recurrent • ;8s lsgf/f dd{t sfo{
Maintenance) • ;8sdf /flvPsf cGo ;+/rgf (Road Furniture) sf] dd{t sfo{
• k6xf]n Koflrª (Pot Hole Patching) • :k6 u|fe]lnª (Spot Gravelling)
• qm\ofs l;lnª (Crack Sealing) • 8«ofluª (Dragging)
• ;8s lsgf/f dd{t(Edge Repair) • u|]l8ª (Grading)
cfjlws dd{t • kmu l;n (Fogseal) • ;8s k'g
–;+ef/ • :n/L l;n (Slurry Seal) u|fe]lnª
(Periodic • ;km]{; 8«]l;ª (Surface Dressing) (Regravelling)
Maintenance) • :of08 l;n (Sand Seal)
• lyg cf]e/n] (Thin Overlay)
• ;8s lsgf/fsf] k'gM v08fl:dt
(Regravelling of Shoulders)
• ;8s /+u/f]ug sfo{ (Road Markings)
cfsl:ds • cfsl:ds 6«flkms ;~rfng Joj:yfkg
dd{t–;+ef/ • klx/f] ÷ af9L x6fO{ cj?4 ;8s vf]Ng] sfo{
(Emergency • eTs]sf] ODafGsd]06 (Embankment) tyf s6 :nf]k (Cut Slope) dd{t sfo{
Maintenance) • 8fO{e;{g lgdf{0f
• k'n k'n];fsf] cfsl:ds dd{t –;+ef/
/f]syfdd"ns • ;8ssf] :nf]k sf6]/ ldnfpg] (Slope Stabilization)
dd{t–;+ef/ • glb lgoGq0f ;+/rgfx?sf] ;+ef/ sfo{
(Preventive • em'l08Psf] kx/f÷r§fg x6fpg]
Maintenance) • h}ljs k|ljlw (Bio-Engineering Works) tyf o;sf] dd{t–;+ef/

32
 kl/lzi6– 3
;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 >f]t k|fKt ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?n]
k"/f ug'{kg]{ dfkb08x?

s_ lhNnfdf ljBdfg u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] l:ylt lja/0f (Inventory) tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .

v_ lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgf (District Transport Master Plan, DTMP) tof/ ug{] jf tof/
eO;s]sf] 5 eg] tf]lsPsf] :yf=k"=lj= tyf s[=;= ljefusf] APPROACH for the
Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 1999 cg';f/ To;sf] cWofjlws
(Update) ug{'kg{]5 .
u_ lgDgcg';f/sf lj:t[t ljj/0f ;lxt lgwf{l/t kmd]{6df jflif{s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf -Annual
Road Maintenance Plan, ARMP_ tof/ u/L :jLs[t ul/;s]sf] x'g'kg{]5 .
• dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ cfjZos ePsf ;8sx? / dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|sf/
• dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] k|fyldstf
• ;8ssf] dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] l8hfO{g tyf nfut cg'dfg
• lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt jf lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no -District Technical Office, DTO_
n] ug]{ eP ;f] df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L
• pknAw ef}lts ;]jf÷;'ljwf tyf k|fljlws >f]tsf] hfgsf/L
• sfof{Gjog k4ltsf] :j?k (Modality of Implementation)
• :yf=k"=lj=tyf s[=;= ljefu (DOLIDAR) n] tof/ u/]sf] Æu|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/sf
nflu k|fyldsLs/0f cg'dflgt nfut tflnsfÆ kl/lzi6–5 df b]vfOP adf]lhd tof/
ug'{kg]{5 .
• dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{–of]hgf, cflb .
3_ :yfgLo of]ubfgsf] ?kdf Joxf]l/g] c+z, /sdsf] k|lta4tf / g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g]
lgb]{lzsf÷ dfu{bz{g cjnDag ug{] k|lta¢tf /x]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

33
 kl/lzi6 — ª

dd{t–;+ef/ ;DaGwL a}7s /fVg], 5nkmn ug]{ / lg0f{o ug{] tl/sf

;xeflutfTds ?kdf ;8ssf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t–;+ef/sf ljleGg sfdx?sf af/]df lgwf] ubf{
u|fdL0f hgtfn] cfk;df ;/;Nnfx / 5nkmn u/]/ dfq ug'{kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;d'bfo tyf
;+alGwt pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ e]nf u/fpg' kb{5 . o;/L s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ e]nf x'g'nfO{ a}7s
elgG5 . pkef]Qmf ;d'xsf ;b:onfO{ af]nfOPsf] a}7snfO{ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] a}7s elgG5 /
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ug{sf] nflu af]nfOPsf] a}7snfO{ dd{t—;+ef/ ;DaGwL a}7s elgG5 .

a}7s lsg /fVg] <

!= dd{t ug{ nfu]sf] sfdsf] af/]df a}7sn] hfgsf/L lbG5 / a}7sdf pkl:yt JolQmx?n] cfˆgf
larf/ ;a}sf ;fd' /fVg] df}sf kfpFb5g\ . ;a}sf larf/ cfPdf dd{t sfo{ ug{ / ;'wfg{ df}sf
ldNb5 eg] ;xefuLx?nfO{ klg tL sfdx? k|lt a9L rf;f] lng xf};nf a9fpFb5 .
@= s'g} klg sfdaf/] hgtfaf6 lgwf] u/fpFbf To; sfd k|lt pgLx?sf] ljZjf; a9\b5 / To;
sfddf ;xeflutf a9\b5 . x/]s sfd k|lt ljZjf; / ;xeflutf lng :yfgLo hgtfsf] a}7s
/fVg' kb{5 .
#= s'g sfd lsg / s;/L ul/b}5 eGg] s'/f /fd|/L ga'em]df s'g} klg sfddf pkef]Qmfx? ;xefuL
aGb}gg\ . a}7sn] o:tf s'/f v'n:t kfb{5 . To;}n] hg;xeflutf h'6fpg cfo cfh{g ;d"x,
pkef]Qmf ;d"x jf ;ldltsf] a}7s /fVg' h?/L x'G5 .

a}7s s;/L /fVg] <

;8s ;DaGwL ;ldltx? cyjf :yfgLo hgtfsf] a}7s /fVbf tn lbOPsf t/Lsf ckgfpg
;lsG5 .

!= a}7sdf s'g s'g ljifodf 5nkmn ug{' kg]{ xf], a}7s /fVg' eGbf klxn] lgwf] x'g' kb{5 / To;sf]
ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .
@= a}7sdf e]nf x'g' kg]{ ;b:ox?nfO{ kfos kg]{ u/L a}7s /fVg] 7fpF, lbg / ;do af/] hfgsf/L
lbg'kb{5 .
#= a}7sdf ePsf] 5nkmn / lg0f{onfO{ n]Vg 5'§} a}7s k'l:tsf /fVg' k5{ .
$= k|To]s a}7sx?sf] a}7s gDa/ n]Vg] ug'{ kb{5 / ;a}df ldlt /fVg' kb{5 .
%= a}7sdf e]nf x'g' kg{] ;b:ox?sf] sf]/d (Quoram) k'u]kl5 a}7s z'? ug{' kb{5 .
^= a}7s rnfpgsf nflu ;ldltsf] cWoIfsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ;lrjn] lhDdf lng' kb{5 . ;8s
dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cWoIfnfO{ a}7ssf] ;efklt agfpg' kb{5 . ;efkltn] a}7sdf
pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ cfˆgf] /fo, ljrf/ /fVg] df}sf lbg'kb{5 .
&= a}7ssf] z'?df s'g s'g ljifodf s] / lsg lgwf] ug{' k¥of] eGg] af/] e]nf ePsf ;a}
;b:ox?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 .

34
*== 5nkmn / lg0f{osf] nflu Ps k6sdf Pp6} ljifo dfq k]z ug'{kb{5 . o; af/]df e]nf ePsf
;a} ;b:ox?sf] larf/ ;'Gg 5nkmn u/fpg' kb{5 . e]nf ePsf ;b:ox?dWo] ax'dtn] h]
lgwf] ub{5g\ To;sf] 5nkmn / lgrf]8 a}7s–k'l:tsfdf n]Vg' kb{5 .
(= 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;a} ;xefuL ;b:ox?nfO{ a}7s–k'l:tsfdf n]lvPsf] l6kf]6\ k9]/ ;'gfpg'
kb{5 / lrQ a'em]kl5 b:tvt u/fpg' kb{5 . a}7ssf] l6kf]6\ s;/L /fVg] eGg] af/]df gd"gf
tn lbOPsf] 5 .
a}7ssf] lg0f{osf] a}7s–k'l:tsfdf >]:tf /fVg] gd"gfM

a}7s g+M M–

cfh ldlt ============ ;fn ========== dlxgf====== ut]sf lbg ====================================;8s dd{t —
;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] cWoIf >L==================sf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] a}7sn] lgDg ;b:ox?sf]
pkl:yltdf tn lbO{Psf ljifox?dfly 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .

pkl:yt ;b:ox?sf] gfd ;xLM– cfdlGqt ;xefuLx?sf] gfd ;xLM–

!= cWoIf M !
@= pkfWoIf M @
#= ;lrj M #
$= sf]iffWoIf M $
%= ;b:o M %
^= ;b:o M ^
5nkmn ePsf ljifox? M– h:t}
!= ;8ssf] /]vf+sgjf/] M
@= hg >d h'6fpg] jf/] .
#= bft[ ;+:yf;Fu cfof]hgf ;DalGw k|:tfjsf] s'/f ug{ k|ltlglwTj ug{] jf/] .

lg0f{ox? M–

!= u|fdL0f hg >d h'6fP/ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ug{] .

@= dd{t—;+ef/df ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ vfhf vr{ jfkt ?= %).– lbg], pQm /sd ;ldltsf] sf]ifaf6
Jof]xf]g{], cflb .

35
 kl/lzi6 r
dd{t ;+ef/sf] nflu ;8ssf] l:ylt ljj/0f -gd"gf_
;8ssf] gfd nDafO{ ls=ld= v08M b]lv ;Dd lgdf{0fsf] ;fnM
ljsf; If]qM lhNnfM uf=lj=;= df6] u|fe]nM sfnf] kqM
;8s clwsf/ If]q (RoW)M afxgkysf] rf}8fO{ ;f]N8/ afFof ld= bfFof ld= hDdf rf}8fO{ ld6/ ;8s–;Gbe{ qmd;+Vof
lsnf]ld6/ ==== ±))) ±!)) ±@)) ±#)) ±$)) ±%)) ±^)) ±&)) ±*)) ±()) ±)))
;8s ;'/Iff lrGxx?÷;+/rgf
kf/fk]6, kf]n, ls dL kf]i6 cflb
;8s ;+/rgf
6]jf kvf{n
bfFof tkm{

leQflt/sf] kvf{n
r]s 8\ofd cfbL
gfnLx?
l;d]06 hf]8fO{, 9nfg, ;'Vvf, df6], cflb .
h}ljs ;+/rgf
s|; gfnL
k'n
sne6{
shj]
;8s If]q
;8s s]Gb| /]vf
zx/ / ufFp
rf]s , bf]af6f]
cGo
:yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|L -u|fe]n, 9'u+f cflb_ kfOg] :yfg
sfd gnfUg] ;fdfu|L ˆofSg] :yfg
a]Gr dfs{
h}ljs ;+/rgf
gfnLx?
l;d]06 hf]8fO{, 9nfg, ;'Vvf, df6], cflb .
;8s ;+/rgf
afFof tkm{

6]jf kvf{n
leQflt/sf] kvf{n
r]s 8\ofd cflb
;8s ;/Iff' lrGxx?÷;/rgf +
kf/fk]6, kf]n, ls dL kf]i6 cflb
36
gf]6M
 kl/lzi6– 5
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf nflu k|fyldsLs/0f tyf cg'dflgt nfut tflnsf
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;Def/sf nflu k|fyldsLs/0f cg'dflgt nfut tflnsf
kl/ifbsf] lg0f{o ldltM =================== lh=lj=;=sf] lg0f{o ldltM =============================

qm=;= ;8ssf] ljj/0f k|fyldstfsf cfwf/x? nfut ;xeflutf

;8ssf] gfd / v08 dd{tsf] lsl;d ;8ssf] ju{ nDjfO{ ls=ld= ;jf/L ;+Vof nfeflGjt nfut -xhf/df_ ;d'bfo :yflgo g]kfn ;?sf/ hDdf nfut ?= dd{t kl5 rfn' s}lkmot
k|lt lbg hg;+Vof k|lt ls=ld= lgsfo xhf/df x'g] ;8ssf]
-xhf/df_ k|lt nDjfO{
ls=ld=

hDdf
gf]6M kmf/fd ;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{ cfjZos sfuhftx?
!= lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o k|ltlnlk
@= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] bkmf ptf/
#= l8hfO{g ;lxtsf] l86]n Ol:6d]6
$= lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]ifsf] vftf g+
%= ;8ssf] bfofF jfofF !=% ls=ld=If]q leq j;f]jf; ug]{ hg;+Vof
^= lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgf cg';f/sf] k|fyldstf g+=

pko'Qm cg';f/sf] lg0f{o / k|ltj4tf ;lxt cg'/f]w ug]{

gfd y/M gfd y/M gfd y/M

b:tvtM b:tvtM b:tvtM
kbM k|d'v lh=k|f= sfof{no kbM :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L kbM lh=lj=;= ;efklt

37
 kl/lzi6– h

;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] lawfgsf] gd'gf

k|:tfjgf

g]kfnsf] ================= c+rn ==================== lhNnf ============================ df cjl:yt

================================ u|fdL0f ;8ssf] lgoldt ?kdf dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{ ug{ cfly{s, ef}lts tyf
dfgjLo >f]t ;fwgx?sf] ;+sng tyf pkof]u sfo{ ul/Pdf hgtfnfO{ bL3{sfnLg cfjt hfjt ug{
;lhnf], :yfgLo ahf/sf] ljsf; tyf s[lif hGo tyf b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'x?sf] vl/b las|Ldf ;d]t
6]jf k'Ug ;Sg] ePsf]n] pQm ;8s If]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{ :yfgLo hgtfx?sf] :jfjnDag Ifdtfdf
clej[l4 ug]{ p¢]Zon] ======================= c+rn ==================== lhNnf ===================sf u|fdL0f
;8ssf pkef]Qmfx?sf] cfk;L ;/;Nnfx / ;xof]udf ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g
tyf ;+rfngsf nflu of] lawfg agfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
of] ljwfgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo s'g} klg u|fdL0f ;8ssf] bL3{sfnLg k|of]usf] nflu ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g u/L u|fdL0f ;8ssf] dd{t tyf ;+ef/ sfo{ ug{ lbzf lgb{]z ug'{ xf] .

kl/R5]b – !

k|f/lDes

!= ;ldltsf] gfdM o; ;+:yfsf] gfd Æ==================;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltÆ /xg]

5.

@= ;ldltsf] 7]ufgfM ========================;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, ===============

uf=lj=;=, =============lhNnf

#= k|f/DeM of] lawfg ;+alGwt :yfgLo lgsfo -===============_ af6 :jLs[t k|fKt ePsf] ldlt b]lv
nfu" x'g]5 .

$= sfo{If]qM ============================ u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ tyf Aoj:yfkg sfo{ . o;

cGtu{t ljleGg k|sf/sf dd{t tyf ;+ef/ sfo{x? h'g cfˆgf] If]qsf] ;8s tyf ;8s ;+u
;DalGwt ;+/rgfx? kb{5g\ . To;sf] cfjZos dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] ;+rfng / Joj:yfkg
ul/g] 5g\ .

%= cfj4tfM of] ;ldlt ;+alGwt :yfgLo lgsfo -====================_ tyf =================;d]tdf

cfj4 x'g]5 .

38
^= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdM of] ljwfgdf ePsf] Aoj:yf :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g
lgodfjnL, @)^$ tyf k|rlnt P]g sfg"gsf] cwLg:y x'g]5 . o; ;ldltn] g]kfn ;/sf/
tyf ;+alGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] gLlt lgb]{zgsf] kl/lw leq /xL sfo{ ;+Dkfbg ug]{5 .

&= ;ldltsf] cl:tTjM of] ;ldlt ;+ul7t, :jzfl;t, d'gfkmf /lxt, u}/ /fhgLlts tyf u}/
;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;+:yf x'g]5 .

*= ;ldlt JolQm ;/x x'g] M of] ;ldlt JolQm ;/x x'g]5 . o;n] s;} pk/ gfnL; ph'/ ug{
;Sg]5 / o; pk/ klg gfnL; ph'/ nfUg ;Sg]5 .

(= ;ldltsf] 5fk / lrGx M o; ;ldltsf] cf}krfl/s k|of]usf] lglDt 5'§} 5fk x'g]5 . h'g j[t
cfsf/sf] x'g]5 . j[Qfsf/sf] aLrdf ==================================;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf
;ldlt===================, egL :yfkgf ePsf] ;fn ;d]t n]lvg]5 .

kl/R5]b – @

kl/efiff

ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lawfgdfM

s_ ÆlawfgÆ eGgfn] =====================;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] lawfg, @)^==

nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
v_ ælgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ nfO{ hgfpF5 .
u_ æljlgodÆ eGgfn] o; lawfg cGtu{tsf] sfo{ ;ldltn] agfO{ nfu'u/]sf] ljlgodnfO{
hgfpF5 .
3_ æsfo{ ;ldltÆ eGgfn] o; lawfg cg';f/ pkef]Qmfx?af6 lgjf{lrt ============= ;8s
dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ hgfpF5 .
ª_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] ======================= ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ hgfpF5 .
r_ æpk;ldltÆ eGgfn] sfo{ ;ldltn] cfkm"df lglxt ;Dk"0f{ jf cf+lzs clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
ug]{ u/L lglZrt :yfg jf If]qdf sfo{ ug{sf] nflu ;do ;dodf agfOg] pk—
;ldltnfO{ hgfpF5 .
5_ æsfo{ of]hgfÆ eGgfn] o; lawfg jdf]lhd dd{t\—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] ;+rfng ug]{
of]hgf / dd{t ;DjGwL sfo{s|dnfO{ hgfpF5 .
h_ æ u}/ ;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;+:yf ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] k|rlnt P]g adf]lhd ;+alGwt lgsfodf
btf{ ePsf] ;]jf efjn] ul7t ;fdflhs ;+:yfnfO{ hgfp+5 .
em_ æbft[ ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o, ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{
hgfpF5 .
`_ æhg;xeflutfÆ eGgfn] hgtfaf6 lnOg]÷lbOg] lgMz'Ns ;]jf, hg;xof]u, hg >dbfg
tyf dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{df hgtfsf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ hgfpF5 .
6_ æpkef]QmfÆ eGgfn] o; lawfg cg';f/ dd{t—;+ef/ ul/g] of]hgfaf6 ;]jf ;'ljwf
pkef]u ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hgfpF5 .
39
7_ æ;d"xÆ eGgfn] pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;d"x, ;d'bfonfO{ hgfpF5 .
8_ æpkef]Qmf ;d"xÆ eGgfn] o; ;ldltsf] sfo{s|daf6 k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf
pknJw ug]{ ;d"x jf ;d'bfonfO{ hgfpF5 .
9_ æ;fwf/0f ;efÆ eGgfn] lawfg cg';f/ ul/g] pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] æ;efÆ a}7snfO{
hgfpF5 .
0f_ æ;ldltsf kbflwsf/LÆ eGgfn] lawfg cg';f/ lgjf{lrt cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;lrj,
sf]iffWoIf tyf ;b:ox?nfO{ dfq hgfpF5 .
t_ æcWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;lrj, sf]iffWoIfÆ eGgfn] lawfg cg';f/ lgjf{lrt dd{t–;+ef/
pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;lrj / sf]iffWoIfnfO{ hgfpF5 .
y_ æ;]]jf z'NsÆ eGgfn] cfof]hgfaf6 ;]jf ;'ljwf k|fKt u/] jfkt ;ldltn] tf]s]sf]
z'NsnfO{ hgfpF5 .
b_ lhNnf :t/Lo— ælhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt Æ eGgfn] lh=lj=;= åf/f
lh=lj=;=;efkltsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t ;ldltnfO{ hgfpF5 .
w_ ædd{t—;+ef/ ljz]if sf]ifÆ eGgfn] lhNnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ lsl;dsf] k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] nflu
ag]sf] sf]if eGg] hgfpF5 / h; cGtu{t lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ sf]if /xg]5
.

kl/R5]b – #

p2]Zo

k|rlnt P]g, sfg"g tyf lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ u/L o; ;ldltsf]
d'Vo p2]Zo lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5g\ M

s_ u|fdL0f ;8s cf;kf;sf hgtfnfO{ ;'/lIft / ;'ne tl/sfn] cfjthfjt u/fpg

u'0f:t/ sfod /fvL u|fdL0f ;8snfO{ dd{t—;+ef/ u/L lbuf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ .
v_ /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o, ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L bft[ ;+:yfx?af6 oyf;Dej ;xof]u h'6fpg
lhNnf :t/Lo dd{t—;+ef/ ljz]if sf]if tyf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltnfO{
;xof]u ug]{ .
u_ of]hgfsf] dd{t—;+ef/ ug{ lh=lj=;, lh=u|f=;=d=;+=sf]if, gu/kflnsf tyf l5d]sL
uf=lj=;= af6 cg'bfgsf] ?kdf >f]t / ;fwg h'6fpg] .
3_ lh=lj=;=,gu/kflnsf tyf l5d]sL uf=lj=;=x?;+u ;xof]u lnO{ dd{t–;+ef/ ;DjGwL
sfo{s|d agfpg] .
ª_ pkef]Qmfx? dWo]af6 cfjZostf cg';f/ of]Uo JolQmnfO{ u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
sfo{stf{ 5gf}6 u/L lgo'lQm u/L k|fljlws tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
r_ :yfgLo dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{stf{sf] Ifdtf eGbf aflx/sf] k|fljlws sfdsf nflu
lh=lj=;=sf] ;xof]u dfUg] .
5_ ;8s ;+~rfng tyf dd{t—;+ef/ Joj:yfkgaf/] jif{sf] @ k6s lh=lj=;=sf]
kbflwsf/Lsf] /f]xj/df ;dLIff ug]{ .
h_ ;8ssf] lbuf] pkof]u, jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO, cfof]hgfsf] nIo jf/] hgtfnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg], r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ / sfo{s|d ;+rfngsf nflu hg;xeflutf
40
 h'6fpg] .
em_ of]hgf dd{t—;+ef/ ;DjGwL sfdsf nflu >d, ;fwg / k|fKt >f]t kl/rfngsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
`_ ;+rfng x'g] ;a} dd{t—;+ef/ sfdsf nflu of]hgfdf ;a} pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ ;xeflu
agfpg] .
6_ ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0fdf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
7_ ;DjlGwt lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo sfod u/L zflGt ;'/Iff sfod /fVg k|oTgzLn /xg] .
8_ ;d;fdlos cGo ljsf;d"ns sfo{df ;xefuL x'g] .
9_ of] ;+:yfn] sfo{ ;+~rfng ubf{ u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ lgb]{lzsf, :yfgLo lgsfo
cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ tyf ;DalGwt lgsfosf] :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/
lhlj;;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;~rfng ug]{5 .

kl/R5]b – $

;fwf/0f ;b:otf

!= ;fwf/0f ;b:otfM

;8saf6 k|ToIf ?kdf nfeflGjt x'g] =====================uf=lj=;= sf ;8sn] 5f]Psf

j8fx? -j8f g+ ==============================_ sf pkef]Qmfx?sf] kl/jf/sf] Ps Ps hgf
;b:ox?sf] pkef]Qmf e]nfåf/f ;ldltsf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o 5flgg] 5g\ . o;/L 5flgPsf
;b:ox? ;ldltdf btf{ ePkl5 dfq ;fwf/0f ;b:o dflgg] 5g\ . o; cltl/Qm ;fwf/0f
;efn] cfjZostf cg';f/ s]xL ;b:ox? 5fGg ;Sg]5 .

o;/L btf{ ePsf ;b:onfO{ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf kq k|bfg ul/g]5 . ;fwf/0f ;b:ox?sf] ;+Vof
sDtLdf %) hgf x'g'kg]{5 . ;f] dWo] ;8sn] 5f]Psf k|To]s uf=lj=;=sf k|To]s j8faf6 sDtLdf
% hgf ;b:o x'g'kg]{5 .

@= ;b:osf] nflu of]UotfM

lgDg cg';f/sf JolQmx? ;fwf/0f ;b:otf jf ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf]
;b:osf] nflu of]Uo dflgg] 5g\ .
s_ ;ldltsf] lawfg / ;d"xsf] lg0f{o kfng ug{ d+h"/ ePsf] .
v_ Dffgl;s c;Gt'ng gePsf] .
u_ lx88'n ug{ ;Sg] / :j:y !* jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] .
3_ g]kfnL gful/s x'g'kg]{ .
ª_ o; ;8sn] 5f]Psf] j8fsf] :yfoL afl;Gbf x'g'kg]{ .
r_ kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 bf]ifL gePsf] .

#= ;b:otf g/xg] cj:yfM

s_ Dffgl;s ;Gt'ng 7Ls gePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf
v_ ;ldltsf] lawfg / ;d"xsf] lg0f{o kfng gu/L ;ldltsf] sfd sfo{s|ddf afwf k'Ug]
sfo{ u/]df
41
 u_ d[To" ePdf
3_ a;fO{ ;/fO{ u/L uPdf

$= ;b:otfsf] lgisfzgM
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g}klg JolQm ;b:otfaf6 lgisfzg ePsf] dflgg] 5 .

s_ ;ldlt;+u /x]sf] /sd lxgfldgf u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf

v_ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o jf/Djf/ pNn+3g u/]df

%= ;a} ;b:on] ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Aoj:yfsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b — %
;ef a}7s tyf lg{0fo k|lqmof
!= ;fwf/0f ;efM

;ldltn] tf]s]sf] :yfg, ldlt / ;dodf pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g]5 .
;fwf/0f ;ef sDtLdf jif{sf] ! k6s a:g]5 .

;fwf/0f ;ef ;+DaGwL k|fawfg M

s_ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltsf] a}7s a;L lg0f{o u/]kl5 ;ldltsf cWoIf /

;lrjn] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
v_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf ;a} ;b:ox? pQm ;fwf/0f ;efsf ;b:o x'g]5g\ . pkef]Qmf
;d"xsf ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ cfkm" r'lgg / c?nfO{ r'Gg clwsf/ x'g]5 . ;fwf/0f
;ef x'g] ldlt, :yfg, ;do / ljifox? af/] lnlvt ?kdf ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf
;"rgf 6fF; u/L hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 .
u_ s"n ;b:ox? dWo] %!Ü ;b:osf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] cj:yfdf pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf]
;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfd sf/jfxL ;~rfng x'g]5 .
3_ %!Ü ;b:ox?sf] pkl:ylt tf]lsPsf] lbg / ;do cg';f/ gePdf pkef]Qmf
;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef :ylut u/L !% lbg leq k'gM csf]{ ;ef a:g]5 .
ª_ bf]>f] k6s tf]s]sf] ldlt, lbg / ;dodf ;b:ox?sf] pkl:ylt %!Ü gk'u]df
s"n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] #)Ü k'u]df ;fwf/0f ;efsf] a}7s a:g]5 . bf]>f] k6s
a;]sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf s"n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] #)Ü gk'u]df ;f] ;efnfO{ To; lbg
:ylut u/L # lbg leq t]>f] k6s k'gM ;fwf/0f ;efsf] a}7s a:g]5 . t]>f]
k6s a;]sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf pkl:yt ;b:ox?sf] ax'dtaf6 k|:tfjx? Kffl/t
x'g]5g\ .

@= ljz]if ;ef a}7sMM

ljz]if kl/l:yltdf ;fwf/0f ;efsf hDdf ;b:o ;+Vofsf] @%Ü ;b:ox?n] lnlvt dfu
u/]df dd{t–;+Def/ ;ldltsf cWoIf / ;lrjn] ! dlxgf leqdf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ljz]if
42
 a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 .

#= ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/M

s_ ljut ! jif{sf] sfdsf] d"Nof+sg u/L cfufdL ! jif{sf nflu gLlt / sfo{s|d
kfl/t ug]{
v_ pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 k]z ePsf k|ltj]bgnfO{ 5nkmn ;lxt kfl/t ug]{,
u_ cWoIfn] ljrf/fy{ k|:t't ;"rLdf 5nkmn ;lxt lg0f{o lbg] .
3_ lawfgsf] d"ne"t p2]Zox?df k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L lawfgsf cGo bkmfx?df
;dofg's"n ;+zf]wg ug]{ -o;/L ;+zf]wg ePsf laifox? :yfgLo k|zf;g af6
:jLs[t ePkl5 dfq nfu" x'g]5 _ .
ª_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] p2]Zo cg'?ksf sfo{s|dx?sf] lj:tf/sf nflu cfjZostf
cg';f/ ;ldlt, pk;ldltx?sf] u7g u/L ltgLx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
tf]lslbg] . lawfgsf] kl/R5]b–# bkmf & n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L agfOPsf
lgodx?sf] cg'df]bg ug]{ .
r_ lgjf{rg u/fpg kg]{ cj:yfdf lgjf{rg ;DjGwL sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L sfo{ ;ldltsf]
u7g ug]{ .
5_ cfof]hgfsf] dd{tsf] nflu hg>d, kF"hL tyf ;fwg k|fKt ug{ / kl/rfng ug{
tyf sfof{Gjog ;+aGwL of]hgf agfpg] .

$= pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftfM

dd{t–;+Def/ ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] g} pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef a}7ssf] cWoIftf

ug]{5g . cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf pkfWoIfn] / lgh klg gePdf ;ldltsf Ho]i7 ;b:on]
cWoIftf ug]{5g\ .

%= ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7gM

cfof]hgfnfO{ ;/n tl/sfn] ;dodf k"/f ug{, ;+/If0f ;Djw{g / ljsf; tyf ;+rfng
ug{ pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ Ps
dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 . h;dWo] cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;lra, jf
sf]ifWoIf s'g} Pskbdf, sDtLdf Pshgf dlxnf / Ps hgf blnt hfltsf] k|ltlglwTj
x'g'kg]{5 . pQm pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf sDtLdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;b:o x'g] u/L lgDg
cg';f/ u7g ul/g] 5 .

cWoIf M –! hgf
pkfWoIf M –! hgf
;lrj M –! hgf
sf]iffWoIf M –! hgf
;b:ox? M –% hgf b]lv & hgf
hDdf –( hgf b]lv !! hgf
43
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/L ;b:ox?sf] sfo{sfn # jif{sf] x'g]5 .

o; ;ldltdf cfjZos ;Nnfxsf/x? -h;sf] lg0f{odf ef]6 lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g_ a9Ldf #
hgf /fVg ;lsg]5 .

^= ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ;b:o kbaf6 x6\g] cj:yfx? M

s_ ;ldltsf] ;b:o kbaf6 /flhgfdf lbO :jLs[t ePdf .

v_ d[To' ePdf .
u_ lagf ;"rgf nuftf/ # k6s;Dd ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cg'kl:yt /x]df t/ ;f]
;DjGwdf dgfl;j sf/0f ;lxt ;kmfO{ lbgaf6 ;b:onfO{ alGrt ul/g]5}g .
3_ s'g} ;b:o lj?4 pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf b'O{ ltxfO ;b:on] cljZjf;
k|:tfj kf; u/]df .
ª_ ;ldlt lj36g ePdf .

&= ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] a}7sM

s_ ;fwf/0ftof ;ldltsf] a}7s k|To]s dlxgfsf] Ps k6s a:g]5 .

v_ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] a}7s cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] :yfg, ldlt /
;dodf cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g]5 .
u_ %!Ü ;b:on] a}7s a:g lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]df cWoIfn] ;"rgf kfPsf] & lbg
leq a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
3_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+alGwt sfof{no tyf cGo AolQmx?nfO{
cfdlGqtsf] ?kdf af]nfpg ;lsg]5 .

*= u0fk"/s ;+Vof M

;ldltsf] ;b:ox?sf] %!Ü ;b:ox? pkl:yt ePdf ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] nflu u0fk"/s
;+Vof k'u]sf] dflgg] 5 .

(= lg0f{o klqmof M

a}7sdf 5nkmn / lg0f{osf nflu k]z ul/Psf ;a} ljifox?df pkl:yt ;b:ox?sf]
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t x'g]5g\ .
!)= ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ ;fwf/0f ;b:osf] clwj]zgn] kfl/t u/]sf lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
v_ ;+:yfsf] rn crn ;Dkltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Djw{g / ;b'kof]u ug]{ .
u_ jflif{s ah]6 kfl/t u/fpg] / ;fwf/0f ;efsf] clwj]zgdf cfo Joo ljj/0f k]z
ug]{ .
3_ ;+:yfsf] p2]]Zo k"/f u/fpg ljljw sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ .
44
 ª_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] p2]]Zo k"/f ug{sf] nflu cfjZos b]lvPdf ljleGg pk;ldlt
u7g u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ .
r_ lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt ;dIf k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf sfo{ k|ult
k|ltj]bg / jif{sf] Ps k6s ;+:yfsf] lx;fjsf] ljj/0f k]z ug]{ .
5_ :yfgLo tyf lhNnf :t/Lo ;+3 ;+:yf ;Fu tyf cGo ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;"rgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ / efOrf/fsf] ;DaGw ljsf; ug]{
.
h_ ljleGg pk;ldltsf] /]vb]v lg/LIf0f tyf lgoGq0f ug]{ .
em_ dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{ ;+rfngdf ;'udtf Nofpg cfjZos sfo{ of]hgf / k|ls|of
agfO{ ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ug]{ / nfu' u/fpg] .
`_ bft[ ;+:yf jf cGo lgsfo;Fu pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{af6 sfd ug]{ .
6_ ;+rflnt sfdsf] k|ult / lx;fj lstfjsf] ljj/0f pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ lgoldt
?kdf lbg] .
7_ g]kfn ;/sf/, lh=lj=;= lh=;=;=;=, lh=u|f=;=d=;=;=sf] gLlt lgb]{zg kfngf ug]{
u/fpg] .
8_ lh=lj=;=, lh=;=;=;=, lh=u|f=;=d=;+=;= / uf=lj=;= tyf gu/kflnsfn] dfu
u/]sf] ljj/0f pknJw u/fpg] .
r_ :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf
x}l;otn] ug'{kg]{ sfo{ ug]{ .

kl/R5]b – ^
kbflwsf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
kbflwsf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M

!= cWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

s_ dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt tyf ;fwf/0f ;efsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ .

v_ dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] sfdsf] /]vb]v tyf
lg/LIf0f ug]{ / cfjZostf cg';f/ lgb]{zg lbg] .
u_ a}7sdf dt a/fa/ ePdf lg0ff{os dt lbg] .
3_ of]hgfsf] dd{t—;+ef/ ;DjGwL cfsl:ds sfd kbf{ cfufdL a}7saf6 cg'df]bg
u/fpg] u/L dlxgfsf] a9Ldf ?= ==========.– -cIf/]kL ¿= ==========_ ;Dd vr{ ug]{ .
ª_ ;+:yfsf] pb]Zo cg'?k ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] ;fy ;fy} ;dfh ;]jfsf] sfo{s|dnfO{
;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;+rfng ug{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ .
r_ ;+:yfsf] rn crn ;DklQ x]/ljrf/ ug]{ u/fpg] .
5_ ;ldltn] u/]sf lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog u/fpg] .
h_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;+j4 lgsfon] dfu u/]sf ljj/0f / k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
em_ cfkm" cg'kl:yt x'g] ePdf cfkm\gf] sfo{ef/ pkfWoIfnfO{ lbg] / pkfWoIf klg
cg'kl:yt ePdf ;ldltsf] Ho]i7 ;b:onfO{ lbg] .
@= pkfWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
45
 s_ cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf cWoIfsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg] .
v_ cWoIfsf] kb l/Qm ePdf kbk"lt{ gx+'bf ;Ddsf nflu sfo{jfxs cWoIf eO{ sfd
ug]{ .
u_ cWoIfnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .

#= ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

s_ cfof]hgfsf] sfo{s|d / ;ldltsf sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 ;+rfng

ug{ sfof{no Joj:yfkgsf] sfd ug]{ .
v_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] nflu cfjZos tof/L /
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
u_ pkef]Qmf ;d"x / ;ldltsf] lg0f{o a}7s k'l:tsf n]Vg] .
3_ k|To]s a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
ª__ cfof]hgfsf nflu ;DjlGwt If]qsf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf h'6fpg] .
r_ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] tf]s]sf sfdx? ug]{ .
5_ cfof]hgfsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;lxt
uf=lj=;=, lh=u|f=;=d=;+=;, lh=lj=;= df k7fpg] .

$= sf]iffWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

s_ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sf]if ;+sng ug]{, cfo Joosf] lx;fj /fVg]
.
v_ ;ldlt÷;+:yfsf] jflif{s ah]6 tof/ ug]{ / ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;ldlt dfkm{t k]z u/L
kfl/t u/fpg] .
u_ n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg] .
3_ ;ldltsf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf] /]vb]v / lgoGq0f ug]{ .
ª__ ;ldltn] c;'n ug'{kg]{ z'Nsx? c;'n ug]{, e'QmfgL lng'kg]{ lx;fj ldnfpg] .
r_ ;ldltsf nflu lh=lj=;=, uf=lj=;=, g=kf=, bft[;+:yf, hg;xeflutf tyf cGo
>f]taf6 k|fKt ePsf] k"FhL, ;fwg, ;fdu|+L tyf >dsf] >]:tf 7Ls tl/sfn] /fVg] .
5_ ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt k"FhL / ;fdu|Lsf] lhDdf lng] / o;sf] k|of]usf] kmfF6jf/L /fVg] .
h_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .

%= ;b:ox?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M

s_ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf ;+rfng ug{ rflxg] >d, ;Lk, / ;fdu|Lsf] dfqf lgwf]
ug]{ .
v_ dd{t—;+ef/ ;DjGwL sfo{ of]hgf sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] cjnf]sg, lg/LIf0f ug]{ .
u_ cfjZostf cg';f/ cfof]hgf If]qsf pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;xeflutf h'6fpg] .
3_ of]hgfsf] l:yltsf] af/]df cfkm\gf] If]qsf pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ cjut u/fpg] .
ª_ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ ug]{ .
r_ of]hgf k|:tfj ug]{ / 5nkmndf ;xefuL e} 6+'uf] nufO{ kfl/t ug]{ .
46
kl/R5]b – &
cfly{s Joj:yf
!= sf]if Joj:yf M
s_ ;+:yfsf] cfkm\gf] 5'§} sf]if x'g]5, h;df kl/R5]b–& bkmf @ cg';f/ k|fKt /sd
hDdf ul/g]5 .
v_ ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] sfo{of]hgf / sfo{gLlt cg';f/ sf]ifsf] pkof]u ul/g]5 .
u_ ;do ;dodf ;ldltn] sf]ifsf] plrt pkof]u eP gePsf] hf+r ug{ / cfjZos
lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
3_ sf]if kl/rfng, n]vf k|0ffnL, n]vf k/LIf0f / sf]if ;DjGwL cGo k|ls|ofx?
lgwf{l/t k|ls|of cg';f/ x'g]5 .
ª_ sf]ifsf] /sd ;DjGwL ljj/0f lh=lj=;= tyf lh=u|f=;=d=;+=;= tyf ;DjlGwt
uf=lj=;= tyf gu/kflnsfn] h'g;'s} a]nf dfu u/L x]g{ ;Sg] / cfaZos lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
@= cfly{s >f]t M
s_ lh=lj=;=/ uf=lj=;= tyf gu/kflnsfaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg, ljljw JolQm tyf
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt cfly{s ;xof]u, ;ldltåf/f ;+rfng ul/g] ljleGg sfo{s|daf6
;+slnt /sd, ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt /sd ;ldltsf]
cfo >f]t dflgg]5 . ;jf/L s/ p7fpg] ;DjGwL lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/ :yf= :jf=zf=
P]g tyf lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;dlGwt :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ePsf] x'bfF ;f]xL
cg';f/ ;DalGwt lgsfojf6 lg0f{o eP cg';f/ ;DalGwt ;=d=;=p=;= n] nfu"
ug{]5 .
v_ hg;xeflutfaf6 k|fKt x'g] >d, k"FhL / ;fdu|Lx? .
u_ j}b]lzs ;xof]u g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ dfq lng ;lsg]5 .
#= a}+s vftfsf] ;+rfng M
cWoIf, ;lrj / sf]iffWoIf dWo] sf]iffWoIfsf] clgjfo{ / cGo b'O{ dWo] Ps ;lxt b'O{
hgfsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 ;+rfng / sf/f]jf/ ug]{ u/L glhssf] a}+sdf vftf vf]lng]5
.
$= sfo{ of]hgf sfof{Gjog M
dd{t—;+ef/sf nflu rflxg] >d, ;Lk, k"FhL / ;fdu|Lsf] cfk"lt{ sfo{sf] k|s[lt / cj:yf
x]/L ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] >f]t ;fwgaf6 jf pkef]Qmfx?af6 cfjZos z'Ns lnP/ jf g]kfn
;/sf/, lh=lj=;=, uf=lj=;=, g=kf= tyf bft[ ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]u lnP/ k"/f ug]{5 . o;sf]
>]:tf /flvg]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ jf lh=u|f=;=d=;+=;=sf] l;kmfl/zdf lh=lj=;= af6
cg'df]lbt u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;+aGwL gLlt tyf sfo{gLlt cg'?k sfo{ of]hgfsf]
47
 sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .
%= n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
s_ lh=lj=;=n] lgo'Qm u/]sf] btf{jfn n]vf ;ldlt÷k/LIfsaf6 ;+:yfsf] lx;fjsf]
n]vf k/LIf0f ul/g]5 . cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg / n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
:yfgLo lgsfo ;dIf ;d]t k]z ul/g]5 .

kl/R5]b – *

ljljw

!= lgjf{rg ;DalGw Joj:yfM

s_ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] lgjf{rg

;fwf/0f ;efsf ;b:ox?dWo]af6 pgLx?sf] ;j{;Ddt lg0f{on] 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .
;j{;Ddt x'g g;s]df lgjf{rgsf nflu lghx?dWo]af6 # ;b:oLo Ps lgjf{rg
;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 .
v_ lgjf{rg ;ldltn] lgjf{rg ;DjGwL sfo{ljlw cfkm} lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
u_ lgjf{rg ;DjGwL sfo{df lgjf{rg ;ldltsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
3_ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg k|To]s #.# jif{df ul/g]5 .

@= cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjM

s_ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:o pk/ ;d"xdf
cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtåf/f To:tf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf lghsf] ;b:otf ;dfKt x'g]5 .
v_ pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf @%Ü ;b:ox?n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf b:tvt u/L cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj
:ki6 sf/0f / cleof]u ls6fg u/L lnlvt ?kdf ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g' cufj} ;8s
dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .

#= l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{M

s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePsf] kbdf afFsL cjlwsf] nflu k"lt{ ubf{ ;f] kb h'g k|ls|ofaf6 k"lt{
ePsf] xf] ;f]xL k|ls|of cg';f/ l/Qm kbsf] k"lt{ ul/g]5 .

$= lawfg ;+zf]wg M

;ldltsf] lawfg ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos k/]df ;f] sf] lnlvt k|:tfj ;ldlt dfkm{t
;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z u/L ;efsf] b'O{ltxfO{ ax'dtn] kf; u/]df ;f] lawfg ;+zf]wg
x'g]5 . pQm ;+zf]lwt lawfg ;DjlGwt :yfgLo lgsfo -lh=lj=;=_ af6 :jLs[lt lnO{
nfu' ug{ ;lsg]5 .
48
 lawfg ;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj ;fwf/0f ;ef a:g' eGbf !% lbg cufj} ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lnlvt ?kdf btf{ x'g'kg]{5 .

%= kbsf] l/QmtfM

b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M

s_ kl/R5]b–$ bkmf $ jdf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;b:otf sfod g/x]df .

v_ nuftf/ # k6s;Dd dgfl;j dflkmssf] ;"rgf glbO{ a}7sdf cg'kl:yt ePdf
t/ a}7ssf] ;"rgf kfPsf] k|df0f ;ldltn] k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
u_ kl/R5]b–* bkmf @ cg';f/ cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf .
3_ cg'zf;g ;DjGwL sf/jfxLdf k/L ;ldltaf6 lgisflzt ePdf .

^= /flhgfdf M

pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:on] cWoIf ;dIf /flhgfdf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
cWoIfn] sfo{ ;ldltsf] ;fdfGo /fo lnO{ /flhgfdf :jLs[t ug{ jf gug{ ;Sg]5 .
;ldltsf cWoIfn] pkfWoIf dfkm{t ;ldlt ;dIf /flhgfdf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;ldltsf
;b:ox?sf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] kfl/t ePdf cWoIfsf] /flhgfdf :jLs[t ePsf] dflgg]5
.

&= ;ldlt lj36g M

;ldltn] :jLs[t ;+emf}tf tyf lawfg jdf]lhd sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ g;s] jf cGo s'g}
sf/0fn] o; ;ldltsf] lj36g ePdf ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ hfoh]yf, rn crn ;Dklt
lh=lj=;=sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lh=lj=;=jf ;+alGwt uf=lj=;= tyf gu/kflnsfsf] gfddf
;g]{5 .

*= vf/]hL / jrfp M

s_ o; cl3 ========================== ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] gfdaf6

ePsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? o; lawfg cGtu{t eP ;/x dflgg]5 .
v_ o; lawfgdf pNn]lvt s'/fx? k|rlnt ;+ljwfg, P]g, lgod tyf lgodfjnL;+u
aflemPsf] v08df aflemPsf] xb;Dd :jtM lgis[o x'g]5 .

(= tby{ ;ldlt ;DjGwL Joj:yf M

s_ of] ljwfg btf{ u/fO{, ;fwf/0f ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s u/fO{ o; ljwfg cg'?k
sfo{;ldltsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] / ;f] lgjf{rg geP;Ddsf nflu sfo{ ;ldltn]
ug{] ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? ug{sf] nflu lh=;=;=;= sf] ldlt ======================= df a;]sf]
49
 a}7sn] =============================== u|fdL0f ;8ssf] ;d'lrt of]hgf, e}k/L cfpg]
sfd s/afxL / ;+rfng Aoa:yfkgsf] nflu u7g u/]sf] æ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
pkef]Qmf ;ldltÆ g} ;8s ;+rfng tyf dd{t—;+ef/ tby{ ;ldlt /xg]5 .
v_ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ tyf pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf tby{ ;ldlt eO{ sfo{ ;+rfng ubf{
;Dd lgDg kbflwsf/Lx? /x]sf 5g\ .

qm=;= gfd kb
! cWoIf
@ pkfWoIf
# sf]kfWoIf
$ ;lrj
% ;b:o
^ ;b:o
& ;b:o
;Nnfxsf/x?
!= sfo{qmd clws[t, ========================
@= sfof{no k|d'v, lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no
#= cGo s'g} ljz]if uGodfGo JolQm eP

!)= tby{ ;ldltsf] pQ/bfloTj M

s_ o; ljwfgsf] kl/R5]b–* bkmf ( -s_ df pNn]v ul/Psf] tby{ ;ldltn] of] ljwfg
btf{ u/fO{, ljwfg btf{ ePkl5 @)^==== ================ leq o; ljwfgsf] kl/R5]b–%
bkmf ! adf]lhd ;fwf/0ff ;efsf] a}7s 8fsL kl/R5]b– % bkmf % / kl/R5]b– *
bkmf ! adf]lhd sfo{ ;ldltsf] 5gf}6÷r'gfj u/fO{ uf=lj=;=sf] l;kmfl/z ;lxt
lh=lj=;= / lh=u|f=;=d=;+=;=nfO{ ;"lrt ug]{5 .
v_ sfo{;ldltsf] ljlwjt r'gfj geP;Dd tby{ ;ldltn] o; ljwfg adf]lhd sfo{
;ldltn] ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? ug{]5 .

50
 kl/lzi6– em
u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/sf] nflu ljleGg lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf

-s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] e"ldsf

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% cg';f/ u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ tyf Aoj:yfkg ;+aGwdf
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lgDg lnlvt sfo{x? ug{]5 M

!_ ljleGg lgsfox? -lh=u|f=;=d=;=;=, uf=lj=;=, gu/kflnsf, ;8s d=;=p=;=, tyf pkef]Qmf

;d"x_ ljr ;dGjo ug]{5 .
@_ lhNnf leq /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf :t/Lo ;8sx?sf] lhNnf ;8s u'? of]hgf cGt{ut
k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf 5gf}6 u/L lhNnf kl/ifbaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg]5 .
#_ 5gf}6 ePsf of]hgfx?df k|fyldstf cg';f/ lh=lj=;=sf] ah]6af6 /sd 5'6\ofpg]5 .
$_ dd{t—;+ef/ vr{sf] nflu cGo >f]t h:t}M ;8s af]8{ g]kfn, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ah]6af6 >f]t
pknAw u/fpg kxn ug{]5 .
%_ lhNnf :t/df lhlj; ;efklt jf lghn] tf]s]sf] lh=lj=;=;b:o cWoIf /xg] u/L lhNnf :t/df
ælhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;+aGwL sfo{ Aojl:yt ug{ lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
;ldltsf] u7g ug]{5 .
^_ cfaZos k|fljlws ;]jfsf] Aoj:yf ldnfpg]5 .

&_ 5gf}6\ ePsf dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgfsf] sfdx?sf] ;DaGwdf ;dGjo lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg
tyf d"NofÍg ug{] / cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg]5 .
*_ :yfgLo u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t dd{t—;+ef/df ;+nUg
sfdbf/x?nfO{ >lds Hofnf e'QmfgLsf] nflu DRRMF af6 ;dod} clu|d /sd lgsf;f ug{
lh=;j=;=nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
(_ u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t ;DaGwL cfOkg]{ ;a} k|sf/sf sfo{x?df ;xof]u ug]{5 .
!)_ cfjZos tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
!!_ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ tyf ;8s ;Ldf If]q (Right of Way) leq
lgod ljk/Lt clgolGqt t/Lsfn] 3/, 6x/f, uf]7 agfpg k|ltjGw nufpg]5 . To:t} af6f]sf]
bfofF afofF ;Ldf If]q leq hyfefjL ?v sf6\g], 9'Ëf÷df6f] lemSg] sfo{ ug{ glbg]÷ lgoGq0f
ug]{5 .
!@_ ;8s af]8{ g]kfnn] pknAw u/fPsf] 9fFrfdf ;dod} ARMP tof/ ug{ cfaZos Aoj:yf
ldnfpg]5 .

51
v_ lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;ldltsf] e"ldsf

!_ ljleGg lgsfox? -lh=u|f=;=d=;=;=, uf=lj=;=, gu/kflnsf, ;8s d=;=p=;=, tyf pkef]Qmf

;d"x_ jLr ;dGjo ug]{5 .
@_ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|s[lt / :jfldTj x]/L ;jf/L s/ tf]Sg l;kmfl/z ug]{5 .
#_ ;jf/L s/ p7fpgsf nflu ;=d=;=p=;=nfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{5 .
$_ dd{t—;+ef/ gLlt agfpg, kl/dflh{t ug{ ;xof]u ug]{5 .
%_ lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sf]ifsf] nflu :yfgLo >f]tx?sf] klxrfg / kl/rfng ug]{5
.
^_ dd{t—;+ef/ ug'{kg]{ u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] klxrfg kl5 k|fyldsLs/0f u/L 5gf}6 ug]{ /
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
&_ dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu :jLs[t of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug]{5 .
*_ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ cfaZos lgb{]zg lbg]5 .
(_ dd{t—;+ef/sf nflu ;+rfngdf /x]sf u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{5 .
!)_ dd{t—;+ef/ ;DaGwL sfof{Gjog e}/x]sf] / ;+rfngdf /x]sf u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] ;DjGwdf
k|To]s # dlxgfdf Ps k6s a}7s a;L ;dLIff ug]{ / ;dLIff k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lgsfox?
-lh=lj=;=, 8f]ln8f/, ;8s af]8{ g]kfn_ df k7fpg]5 .

u_ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] e"ldsf

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% sf] clwgdf /x]/ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltn] lgDg lnlvt sfo{x?
ug{]5M

!_ cfˆgf] ufFpm If]q leq /x]sf u|fdL0f ;8sx?df k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu
uf=lj=;= sf]ifaf6 /sd ljlgof]hg ug{]5 .
@_ cfˆgf] ufFpm If]q leqsf dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgfsf] sfdx?sf] cg'udg–d"NofÍg ug{]5 .
#_ dd{t—;+ef/sf] nflu >lds ;d"xx? u7g ug{ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?nfO{
;xhLs/0f / ;xof]u ul/lbg]5 .
$_ hg>dbfg ug]{ sfo{df pkef]QmfnfO{ pTk|]l/t u/fpg]5 .
%_ ;=d=;=p=;=nfO{ cfjZos ;/;Nnfx lbg]5 .
^_ :yfgLo If]qdf ;8ssf] cfjZostf / dxTjsf] jf/]df hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] .
&_ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ tyf ;8s ;Ldf If]q (Right of Way) leq
lgod ljk/Lt clgolGqt t/Lsfn] 3/, 6x/f, uf]7 agfpg k|ltjGw nufpg] . To:t} af6f]sf]
bfofF afofF ;Ldf If]q leq hyfefjL ?v sf6\g], 9'Ëf÷df6f] lemSg] sfo{ ug{ glbg]÷ lgoGq0f
ug]{ .

52
3_ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] e"ldsf

!_ u|fdL0f ;8ssf cf;kf;sf hgtfnfO{ ;/n, ;'ne / ;'/lIft t/Lsfn] cfjthfjt u/fpg
dd{t—;+ef/sf] u'0f:t/ sfod /fvL ;8snfO{ lbuf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug{]5 .
@_ dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] of]hgf lgdf{0fdf k|fljlwsx?nfO{ cfjZos ;/;Nnfx k|bfg ug]{5 .
#_ dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lh=lj=;=jf lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldlt
-DRRMC_ ;Fu ;Demf}tf ug{]5 .
$_ dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{5 .
%_ dd{t—;+ef/sf] qmddf cfOk/]sf] ;fdflhs ;d:ofx?nfO{ lg/fs/0f ug]{5 .
^_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt jf DRRMC ;Fusf] ;Demf}tf cg'?k ;do ;dodf /sd lgsf;f u/L
>lds Hofnf cljnDj e'QmfgL ug]{5 .
&_ ;do ;dodf ;DalGwt ;a} k|ltlglwx? nufot dd{t–;+ef/ sfdbf/x?sf] /f]xa/df
;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f (Public Audit) ug{]5 .
*_ ;8s lgdf{0f tyf dd{t—;+ef/sf] qmddf vl/b ul/Psf cf}hf/x?sf] ;'/lIft tl/sfn] e08f/0f
ug]{5 .
(_ dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{df ePsf] vr{x?sf] ;Ssn ljn ef}r/x? tyf n]vf k|ltj]bg / k|ult
k|ltj]bg lh=lj=;=, uf=lj=;=, gu/kflnsf tyf DRRMC df k]z u/L k]ZsL km:of]{6 ug]{5 .
!)_ ;8ssf] ;b'kof]u bL3{sfnLg pkof]u tyf dd{t—;+ef/ ;DaGwsf af/] hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpg] tyf r]tgf clej[l4 ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 .
!!_ dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos ;+Vofdf pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g u/fO{ dd{t—;+ef/sf] sfd
u/fpg]5 .
!@_ ;8s dd{tsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ /sdsf] nflu kxn ug]{ .
!#_ ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 lg0f{o u/fO{ ;jf/L s/ p7fpg] .
!$_ lh=lj=;=, lh=u|f=;=d=;=;=, uf=lj=;=, gu/kflnsf / pkef]Qmfaf6 k|fKt lgb]{zg, ;'emfj /
;Nnfx sfof{Gjog u/fpg] .
!%_ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ ;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ tyf ;8s ;Ldf If]q (Right of Way) leq
lgod ljk/Lt clgolGqt t/Lsfn] 3/, 6x/f, uf]7 agfpg k|ltjGw nufpg] . To:t} af6f]sf]
bfofF afofF ;Ldf If]q leq hyfefjL ?v sf6\g], 9'Ëf÷df6f] lemSg] sfo{ ug{ glbg]÷ lgoGq0f
ug]{ .

ª_ ;8s–dd{t ;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;d'xsf] e"ldsf

!_ ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 .

@_ jif{df ! rf]6L ;fd"lxs e]nf eO{ dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{sf] ;dLIff ug]{5 .
#_ cfjZos k/]sf] a]nf dd{t sfo{df hg>dbfg pknAw u/fpg]5 .
$_ ;=d=;=p=;=nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{]5 .
%_ ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f (Public Audit) df ;xefuL x'g] / x'g nufpg]5 .
^_ ;8s dd{t ;Def/sf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;ldlt dfkm{t a'em]sf cf}hf/ tyf afFsL lgdf{0f
;fdu|L pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ a'emfpg]5 .

53
r_ lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nosf] e"ldsf

!= u|fdL0f ;8sx?sf] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf tof/ ug{ lh=lj=;=nfO{

cfjZos k|fljlws ;/;Nnfx lbg]5 .
@= k|fyldstfdf k/]sf ;8sx?sf] dd{t sfo{sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;e{], l8hfO{g, nfut tof/ ug{]5 .
#= ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ sfo{df u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos k|fljlws
;xof]u k|bfg ug{]5 .
$= dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] sfo{ of]hgf agfO{ sfd ;+rfng ug{ ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf
;ldltnfO{ ;xof]u ug{]5 .
%= dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f, gfk hfFr tyf d"NofÍg tof/ ug{]5 .
^= sfdsf] Hofnf e'QmfgLdf ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{]5 .
&= dd{t—;+ef/ sfo{sf] lgoldt cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug{]5 .
*= dd{t—;ef+/sf] nflu cfjZos sfo{, ;fdu|L tyf ;]jf vl/b ug{ lh=lj=;=nfO{ k|fljlws
;xof]u ug{]5 .
(= dd{t—;+ef/ ;ldltaf6 k|fKt ePsf lan ef}r/x? hfFr u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu lh=lj=;=df
l;kmfl/; ug{]5 .
!)= dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgfsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/ ;DalGwt lgsfodf a'emfpg]5 .
!!= ;jf/L ef8f -ofq' tyf ;/;dfg_ / ;jf/L s/ lgwf{{/0f ug{ lh=lj=;=nfO{ cfjZos k|fljlws
;Nnfx lbg]5 .
!@= ;8ssf] bL3{sfnLg pkof]u ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?df lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/
;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{]5 .
!#= lhNnf ;8sx?sf] dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgfx? k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df cfjZos d"Nof+sg u/L
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
!$= ;dofg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] b/÷/]6 kl/dfh{g ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{]5 .
!%= ;dofg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] gd{;, :k]lzlkms]zg, :6f088{ l8hfO{g, dd{t—;+ef/ lgb{]lzsf
kl/dfh{g ub}{ n}hfg ;DalGwt lgsfodf l/kf]l6{Ë ug]{5 .
!^= s]Gb|Lo lgsfo h:t}M ;8s af]8{ g]kfnaf6 >f]t k|fKt ug{ lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf ljj/0fx? -h:t}M
ARMP) tof/ ug]{5 .

54
 ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L
• ;8s ;+ef/ lgb]{lzsf, ;8s ljefu, @)%%
• lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t— ;+ef/ /fli›o of]hgf, @)%^
• g]kfnsf u|fdL0f ;8sx? ;jf{]Ts[i6 cEof;÷ljlwx?sf] k|ltj]bg, j}zfv @)%^
• APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, :yf=k"=lj= tyf
s[=;=lj=, @)%^
• k|fljlws lgb]{lzsf, g]kfn ;8s af]8{, @)^)
• u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t—;+ef/ gLlt / sfo{gLlt, ;+v'jf;ef, @)^)
• g]kfndf >dd"ns u|fdL0f ;8s lgdf{0f, u|fdL0f ;8s d+r g]kfnåf/f k|:t't ;+lIfKt
hfgsf/L kq, kmfNu'0f @)^)
• :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gLlt, @)^!
• :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf, @)^$
• :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$
• pkef]Stf ;d"xåf/f ul/g] cfjlws Pjd\ lgoldt dd{t ;DaGwL sfof{Gjog dfu{bz{g,
:yff=k"=lj= tyf s[=;=lj=, u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ kl/of]hgf
• National Consultative Workshop on Rural Road Maintenance Manual, dO{ !^, @))% sf]
Proceeding .

55
 ;+lIfKt ?k / cfBfIf/L zAbx¿
(Abbreviations /Acronyms)

AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic -aflif{s cf}ift b}lgs ;jf/L

;fwg ;+Vof_
IARMP Integrated Annual Road Maintenance Plan (PsLs[t aflif{s
;8s dd{t—;+ef/ of]hgf_
ARMP Annual Road Maintenance Plan -afli{fs ;8s dd{t–;e+f/
of]hgf_
CBO -;f;+_ Community Based Organisation -;fd'bflos ;Ë7g_
CDO -k|lhc_ Chief District Officer -k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L_
DDC -lhlj;_ District Development Committee -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt_
DFID -j];lj;_ Department for International Development -j]nfot ;/sf/,
cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu_
DoLIDAR -:yfk"ljs[;lj_ Department of Local Infrastructure Development and
Agricultural Roads -:yfgLo k"j{fwf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s
ljefu_
DoR -;lj_ Department of Roads -;8s ljefu_
DR -lh;_ District Road -lhNnf ;8s_
DRSP -lh;;sf_ District Roads Support Programme -lhNnf ;8s ;xof]u
sfo{qmd_
DRRMC -lhu|f;d;+;_ District Rural Road Maintenance Committee -lhNnf u|fdL0f
;8s dd{t—;e+f/ ;ldlt_
DTMP -lhofu'of]_ District Transport Master Plan -lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgf_
FY -cfj_ Fiscal Year -cfly{s jif{_
GRECO -x;c_ Green Road Concept -xl/t ;8s cjwf/0ff_
GTZ -hk|f;_ German Technical Cooperation -hd{g k|fljlws ;xof]u_
INFRIN -cfk"sf_ Inrastructure for Income -cfosf] nflu k"jf{wf/ sfo{qmd_
INGO -cu};;+_ International Non-Government Organisation -cGt/f{li6«o u}/
;/sf/L ;+u7g_
Km -lsld_ Kilometre -lsnf] ld6/_
LDO -:yfljc_ Local Development Officer -:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L_
LSGA -:yf=:jf=zf=P]_ Local Self-Governance Act -:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g_
MoLD -:yfljd+_ Ministry of Local Development -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno_
NFRTD -g]u|fofljd+_ Nepal Forum for Rural Transport Development -g]kfn u|fdL0f
oftfoft ljsf; d+r_
NGO -u};;+_ Non-Government Organisation -u}x| ;/sf/L ;+u7g_
NPC -/fof]cf_ National Planning Commission -/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u_
NRs -g]?_ Nepali Rupees -g]kfnL ?lkofF_
RAP -u|fksf_ Rural Access Programme -u|fdL0f kxF'r sfo{qmd_
RBN -;af]g]_ Roads Board Nepal -;8s af]8{ g]kfn_

56
RCIW -u|f;fk"ljsf_ Rural Community Infrastructure Works
-u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmd_
RMUC -;=d=;=p=;=_ Road Maintenance Users's Committee -;8s dd{t—;+ef/
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt_
RPN -u|fsfg]_ Rural Programme Nepal -u|fdL0f sfo{qmd g]kfn_
RRF -u|f;d+_ Rural Roads Forum -u|fdL0f ;8s d+r_
RRMD -u|f;dlg_ Rural Road Maintenance Directive -u|fdL0f ;8s dd{t–;+ef/
lgb]{lzsf_
RR -u|f;_ Rural Road -u|fdL0f ;8s_
NPRRM -u|f;d;+/fof]_ National Plan for Rural Road Maintenance -lhNnf u|fdL0f ;8s
dd{t;e+f/ /fli6«o of]hgf_
SDC -lj;:jLlg_ Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation -ljsf; Pj+
;xof]usf nflu :jL; lgof]u_
UC -p;_ Users Committee -pkef]Qmf ;ldlt_
UG -p;_ Users Group -pkef]Qmf ;d"x_
USAID -c;ljlg_ US Agency for International Development -cd]l/sL cGt/f{li6«o
ljsf; lgof]u_
VDC -uflj;_ Village Development Committee -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt_
YPO -jfsfof]_ Yearly Plan of Operation -jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf_

57