Unit 7- Inside the Atom

Time Frame 3 weeks

Competencies
C1. Appreciate the contributions of early scientists in the development of atomic theory.
C2. Gain understanding of the structure of the atom

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY

Time Frame 2 sessions

I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the students must be able to:
1. Enumerate and explain the four assumptions made by John Dalton;
2. Explain the laws of chemical changes in terms of Dalton’s Atomic Theory.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Dalton’s Atomic Theory

B. References
1. Department of Education, Culture and Sports. (1991). Science and
Technology III. Quezon City: Book Media Press, pp. 66,69, 77.
2. Brown, Theodore l., LeMay, H. Eugene Jr., and Bursten, Bruse E.,
Chemistry the Central Science, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000, pp. 353-
356.

B. Materials
2 vials water
2, 50 ml bottle ammonia
Platform balance 2 sheets of graphing paper
Potassium iodide ruler
Copper sulphate lead acetate

III. Learning Tasks

A. Recall and Motivation
How does the mass of the substances produced from a chemical change
compare with the mass of the substances before the change occurred?

B. Lesson Proper
1. Pre- Activity:
(Optional) Viewing/discussion of multimedia lesson “The Atoms and
Everyday Changes”
 2. Activity: “Law of Conservation of Mass” (SAS 7-01a)
a. Place a pinch of copper sulphate into avail. Add 2 cm 3 of water to
dissolve. Carefully put the vial in a 50- cm 3 bottle containing 20 cm3 of
dilute ammonia water. Take care that they do not mix. Stopper the bottle.
Weigh the whole apparatus.

b. Tip the bottle toward the horizontal position until ammonia water enters
the vial. Return to original (standing) position. Observe what happens.
Shake the container until all of the copper sulphate solution has reacted
with the ammonia water. Take note of the result. Weigh again.

c. Compare the initial total mass with the final total mass of the system after
reaction has taken place.

d. Repeat steps a, b, and c using a pinch of potassium iodide and a solution

of lead acetate. (to prepare the lead acetate solution, dissolve a pinch of
lead acetate in 20 cm3 of water)

Data and Observation

System Observation Mass of Observation Mass of
before mixing reactants after mixing products
Copper sulphate +
ammonia water
Potassium iodide+
lead acetate

YOU MAY END SESSION 1 AT THIS POINT

3. Discussion / Concept Formation

a. What inference can you make based on the data in your table of
results?
b. State in your own words the Law of Conservation of Mass.

4. Activity: “Law of Definite Composition” (SAS 7-01b)

a. Lead reacted with sulphur to form lead sulphide. The data in the table
below give the different masses of lead that reacted and the corresponding
masses of lead sulphide produced.

Lead + Sulfur → Lead sulphide

Use the data in table below. Fill in columns C to E. The mass of lead is
obtained by subtracting the mass of lead from the mass of lead sulphide.
 A B C D E
Mass of Lead Mass of Mass of Sulfur Mass of sulphur Mass of lead
(g) Sulfide (g) Mass of lead Mass of sulfide
1. 7.00 8.15
2. 6.25 7.18
3. 9.93 11.61
4. 6.00 6.90
5. 12.79 14.79
6. 11.71 13.59
7. 14.65 16.87
8. 16.90 19.46

b. Plot the mass of sulphur on the y-axiz against the mass of lead or the x-
axis. Consult your teacher for the correct plotting procedure.

c. Plot the mass of sulphur on the y-axis against the mass of lead sulphide on
the x-axis.

5. Discussion/ Concept formation

a. Describe the 2 plots that you have drawn.

b. Determine from the graph the mass of lead that combines with 1.6 g of
sulphur.

c. Determine from the graph the mass of lead sulphide produced from 1.6 g
of sulphur.

d. From your calculated data, make a general statement about the ratio of the
mass of lead to the mass of sulphur that reacts with it.

e. Make a general statement about the ratio of the mass of lead to the mass of
lead sulphide produced.

f. State on your own words the Law of Definite Composition.

YOU MAY END SESSION 2 AT THIS POINT

C. Generalization
The four assumptions of John Dalton in his “Atomic theory of Matter”:
1. Each element is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
 2. All atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of different elements are
different and have different properties (e. g Masses).

3. Atoms of an element are not changed into different types of atoms by

chemical reactions; atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical
reactions.

4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a
given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms.

D. Application/ Valuing
When water is electrolyzed, 1:2:1 volume ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is obtained.
The destroy ratio of these gases is 1:16 (hydrogen to oxygen). What is the mass
ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water?
a. 1:32 b. 1:8 c. 1:16 d. 8:1

E. Evaluation
1. Explain how mass is conserved in a chemical reaction.
2. How will you compare the mass ratio of sodium to chlorine in coarse salt,
refined salt and iodized salt? Explain your answer.