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Reinforced Concrete Sections Under Moment and Axial Load
Reinforced Concrete Sections Under Moment and Axial Load
Reinforced Concrete Sections Under Moment and Axial Load
Concrete Sections
under Moment and
Axial Load
A spreadsheet-based program for producing moment-curvature and
moment-axial force diagrams
Shear calculations
The first input value required for shear calculations is the
effective length of the member, used to calculate a moment
Fig. 1: Steel stress-strain relationship for default values used by on the section corresponding to the shear capacity. The
program (1 ksi = 6.89 MPa) other inputs include the width of the web or diameter of a
circular section, the ratio of tension reinforcement to
effective area, the cross-sectional area of transverse
reinforcement within the spacing input under “Concrete
Material Properties,” and the effective depth of the cross
section. In the example problem shown in this article, the
effective depth was approximated as 0.8 times the total
depth of the cross section.
Analysis options
Using a series of dropdown menus, the user can choose
whether to analyze the initial section only or the initial and
the confined sections. The user can also choose to generate
a moment-curvature plot only, or a moment-curvature plot
Fig. 2: Comparison of concrete stress-strain relationships used by and a moment-axial force interaction diagram. A final
the program for 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) concrete (1 psi = 6.89 kPa) choice allows the calculation of traditional moment-axial
Shear capacity
Using ACI 318-05,5 Eq. (11-5) and
(11-7), the section’s shear capacity is
computed at each axial load used for
the moment-axial force interaction
diagram. This capacity is then
converted to the corresponding
moment (assuming fixed-fixed end
conditions and the input effective
length), and is plotted on the moment-
axial force diagram to produce an
interaction diagram controlled by
shear. Plots are produced for total
shear capacity including both the
concrete and transverse reinforcement
contributions and for the concrete
contribution alone.
PROGRAM OUTPUT
Moment-curvature plot
For any desired axial force, a
moment-curvature plot is obtained
by interpolating linearly between
the nearest axial forces above
and below the desired value to
find the corresponding moment,
curvature, and neutral axis CIRCLE READER CARD #24
Moment-axial force
interaction diagram
A moment-axial force interaction
diagram is obtained using
combinations of moment and
axial force corresponding to a
maximum concrete strain of
0.003 for the initial section and
0.01 for the confined section.
The axial capacities of the sections
Fig. 3: Section of shearwall used for example calculations. The wall is symmetrical are also capped at their previously
about the centerline (1 in. = 25.4 mm) (Note: This section is an example only and does calculated values. Therefore, any
not necessarily meet the requirements of ACI 318-05)
data points with an axial force
larger than the pure compressive
capacity or smaller than the pure
tensile capacity are ignored.
Because shear calculations
are not extensive, they are not
automatically conducted. Rather,
shear capacities are calculated
only as needed based on the
input in the “Shear Calculations”
sheet. Once an analysis has
been run, any changes in input
require that the analysis be
rerun. If only changes in shear
are of concern, however, the
analysis need not be rerun
because shear data are updated
Fig. 4: Input screen with values for example wall shown in Fig. 3
instantaneously.
PROGRAM VALIDATION
Using a variety of beam, column,
and wall sections, the program
was checked against hand
calculations and also against
previous programs6,7 developed
for the same purpose, but using a
different programming language.
Agreement was excellent.1
Example
As an example of the input and
output of the program, the flanged
shearwall shown in Fig. 3 was
analyzed in bending about its strong
axis. The input spreadsheet is shown
in Fig. 4. The concrete has a specified
compressive strength of 4000 psi
Fig. 5: Moment-curvature plot at an axial load of 108 kips (480 kN) produced by the (27.6 MPa), and is modeled using
program for the example wall shown in Fig. 3 (1 kip-in. = 113 N·m) Scott, Park, and Priestley’s curve for
Acknowledgments
The RECONASANCE program was begun
in Spring 2004 by the first author as a class
project in CE 383N (Advanced Reinforced
Concrete Structures) at the University of Fig. 6: Moment-axial load interaction diagram produced by the program for the example
Texas at Austin. In that project, some work wall shown in Fig. 3 (1 kip = 4.45 kN; 1 kip-in. = 113 N·m)
(the three sheets for concrete stress-strain
relationships and the sheet for shear calculations) was initially done
by another student, D. Williams. His contributions are gratefully
acknowledged.