EXPERIMENTAL

RESEARCH
LESSON3
 RESEARCH DESIGN OF
NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

• 1. Specify the problem or topic of your research.

• 2. Formulate the research problem or hypotheses.
• 3. Determine the dependent and independent variables.
• 4. Select the participants or subjects.
• 5. Decide on the specific type of experimental research;
meaning, whether it will be a true experimental or quasi-
experimental research.
• 6. Conduct the experiment.
• 7. Collect, analyze, and interpret the results.
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
LESSON4
 WHY HAVE
NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH?

• It is way of finding out truths about a subject by

describing the collected data about such subject
and determining their relationships or connections
with one another.

• No treatment or condition applied.

• Qualitative and Quantitative.

 CHARACTERISTICS

• It is incapable of establishing cause-effect relationships;

by itself. It is able, if it takes place in conjunction with
experimental research methods.

• It uses research method that is applicable to both

quantitative and qualitative data.

• It involves various way of data analysis.

• Primary – analysis of data collected by the researcher himself.

• Secondary – examination of data collected by other people.
• Meta-analysis – analysis of data expresses numerically.
 POINTERS

• Test 1-Identification (lesson 1-4)

• Test 2-Word Expansion
• Test 3-Application
(Inquiry vs. Research)
(Qualitative vs. Quantitative)
(Types of Quantitative Research)

• 50 items
 SURVEY RESEARCH

• It is a non-experimental research that aims at

knowing what a big number of people think and
feel about some sociological issues.
 PURPOSES OF SURVEY RESEARCH

• 1. To obtain information about people’s opinions

and feelings about an issue.

• 2. To identify present condition, needs, or problems

of people in a short span of time.

• 3. To seek answers to social problems.

• 4. To give school officials pointers on curricular

offerings, guidance and counseling services,
teacher evaluation, and so on.
 PLANNING A SURVEY RESEARCH

• 1. Explanation of objectives clearly

• 2. Formulation of research questions or hypotheses to predict

relationships of variables

• 3. Determination of the exact kind of data referred to by the

hypotheses or research questions

• 4. Assurance of the population or group of people to which

the findings will be applied to

• 5. Finalization of the sampling method for selecting the

participants

• 6. Identification of the method or instrument in collecting

data; that is, whether it is questionnaire on paper, through
phone, via computer, or face-to-face.
STRENGTHS OF SURVEY RESEARCH

• 1. VERSATILITY. It can tackle any issue affecting society.

• 2. EFFICIENCY. It is not costly in terms of money and time,

assuming there is excellent communication or postal
system.

• 3. GENERALITY. It can get a good representation or

sample of a large group of people.

• 4. CONFIDENTIALITY. It is capable of safeguarding the

privacy or anonymity of the respondents.
 WEAKNESSES OF SURVEY RESEARCH

• 1. It cannot provide sufficient evidence about the

relationships of variables.

• 2. It cannot examine the significance of some issues

affecting people’s social life.

• 3. It cannot get data reflecting the effects of the

interconnectedness of environmental features on the
research study.

• 4. It cannot consider man’s naturalistic tendencies as the

basis of human behavior unless his ways or styles of living
are related to his surrounding.
 WEAKNESSES OF SURVEY RESEARCH

• 5. It cannot promote interceptive and creative thinking unless

its formation of ideas results from scientific thinking.

• 6. It cannot have an effective application to all topics for

research.

• 7. It cannot use a questioning or coding method that can

accurately register differences among the participant’s
responses.

• 8. It cannot diffuse the main researcher’s abilities to control

and manipulate some factors affecting the study.

• 9. It cannot account for real or actual happenings, but can

give ideas on respondents’ views, beliefs, concepts, and
emotions.
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND RULES IN
SURVEY RESEARCH
• 1. Respect whatever decision a person has about
your research work for his participation in your study
comes solely from his or her own decision-making
powers.

• 2. Make sure that your study will be instrumental in

elevating the living conditions of people around
you or in bringing about world progress.

• 3. Conduct your research work in a way that the

respondents will be safe from any injury or damage
that may arise from their physical an emotional
involvement in the study.
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND RULES IN
SURVEY RESEARCH
• 4. Practice honesty and truthfulness in reporting about
the results of your study.

• 5. Accept the reality that the nature, kind, and extent of

responses to your questions depend solely on the
dispositions of the respondents.

• 6. Decide properly which information should go public or

secret.

• 7. Stick to your promise of safeguarding the secrecy of

some information you obtained form the repsondnets.