Eco-System and It’s Function

Ecosystem
•An ecosystem is a system where all living things (plants,
animals and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each
other, and also with their non-living environments (weather,
earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).

•Living things and non-living things both are important. In

absence of one other will get affected.
 Types of Ecosystem
1.Natural Ecosystem
 Types of Ecosystem
2. Artificial Ecosystem
It’s a man-made ecosystem. Like Aquarium, Crop
land, garden, small tank, kitchen garden etc.
 Functions of Ecosystem
➢Producers or plants fix solar energy and with
the help of the minerals take from the soil
they build up complex organic matter. So with
the help of the solar energy they convert the
chemical energy of the food into kinetic
energy and then heat energy.
➢The birds, animals eat up plants, grains, and
other animals as food. So energy is transferred
to food to animals.
 Energy Flows in Ecosystem

1 2 3
•Food •Food •Food
Chain Web Pyramid
 FOOD CHAIN

Food Chain:
Transfer of food energy from one living organism to another
living organism, with in the environment , then it is known as
Food Chain

1. Grass Cattle Man

2. Insect Hen Frog Snake
 FOOD WEB
Food Web:
A network of food chains , which helps
to transfer food energy and nutrients
from one living organism to another
living organism.
 Food Pyramid
•An ecological pyramid or food pyramid is a graphical representation to
show the biomass or bio productivity at each tropic level in a
given ecosystem.

•Ecological pyramids begin with producers on the bottom (such as plants)

and proceed through the various trophic levels (such as herbivores that eat
plants, then carnivores that eat herbivores, then carnivores that eat those
carnivores, and so on). The highest level is the top of the food.
Important Video Link on Ecological
Pyramid
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sV-
KQ91Fnck
Structure/Components Of
Ecosystem
Biotic Component

Consumer
Producer (Human Beings,
Plants Animals)

Macro Consumer Micro Consumer

Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

(Cow, Goat) (Lion, Tiger) (Human Being)
 References
1. Basu Mahua & S. Xavier, Environmental
Studies, Cambridge University Press.
2. Vibha K& Others, Environmental Studies,
Vipul Publication
3. www.youtube.com
4. www.images.google.com