Algebraic expressions, Mixed Exercise 1

1 a y3 × y5 4 a 3(5y + 4)
= y3 + 5 = 15y + 12
= y8
b 5x2(3 − 5x + 2x2)
2 5
b 3x × 2x = 15x2 − 25x3 + 10x4
= 3 × 2 × x2 + 5
= 6x7 c 5x(2x + 3) − 2x(1 − 3x)
= 10x2 + 15x − 2x + 6x2
c (4x2)3 ÷ 2x5 = 16x2 + 13x
= 43x2 × 3 ÷ 2x5
= 64x6 ÷ 2x5 d 3x2(1 + 3x) − 2x(3x − 2)
= 32x6 − 5 = 3x2 + 9x3 − 6x2 + 4x
= 32x = 9x3 − 3x2 + 4x

d 4b2 × 3b3 × b4 5 a 3x2 + 4x

= 4 × 3 × b2 + 3 + 4 = x(3x + 4)
= 12b9
b 4y2 + 10y
2 a (x + 3)(x − 5) = 2y(2y + 5)
= x2 − 5x + 3x − 15
= x2 − 2x − 15 c x2 + xy + xy2
= x(x + y + y2)
b (2x − 7)(3x + 1)
= 6x2 + 2x − 21x − 7 d 8xy2 + 10x2y
= 6x2 − 19x − 7 = 2xy(4y + 5x)

c (2x + 5)(3x − y + 2) 6 a x2 + 3x + 2
= 2x(3x − y + 2)+ 5(3x − y + 2) = x2 + x + 2x + 2
= 6x2 − 2xy + 4x + 15x − 5y + 10 = x(x + 1) + 2(x + 1)
= 6x2 − 2xy + 19x − 5y + 10 =(x + 1)(x + 2)

3 a x(x + 4)(x − 1) b 3x2 + 6x

= (x2 + 4x)(x − 1) = 3x(x + 2)
= x3 − x2 + 4x2 − 4x
= x3 + 3x2 − 4x c x2 − 2x − 35
= x2 − 7x + 5x − 35
b (x + 2)(x − 3)(x + 7) = x(x – 7) + 5(x − 7)
= (x2 − 3x + 2x − 6)(x + 7) = (x − 7)(x + 5)
= (x2 − x − 6)(x + 7)
= x2(x + 7) − x(x + 7) − 6(x + 7) d 2x2 − x − 3
= x3 + 7x2 − x2 − 7x − 6x − 42 = 2x2 − 3x + 2x − 3
= x3 + 6x2 − 13x − 42 = x(2x − 3) + (2x − 3)
= (2x − 3)(x + 1 )
c (2x + 3)(x − 2)(3x − 1)
= (2x2 − 4x + 3x − 6)(3x − 1) e 5x2 − 13x − 6
= (2x2 − x − 6)(3x − 1) = 5x2 + 2x − 15x − 6
= 2x2(3x − 1) − x(3x – 1) − 6(3x − 1) = x(5x + 2) − 3(5x + 2)
= 6x3 − 2x2 − 3x2 + x − 18x + 6 = (5x + 2)(x − 3)
= 6x3 − 5x2 − 17x + 6

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6 f 6 − 5x − x2 2

9 a  
8 3
= 6 + x − 6x − x2
= (6 + x) − x(6 + x)  27 
= (6 + x)(1 − x) 2
2

 
3
7 a 2x3 + 6x
= 2x(x2 + 3) 4

9
b x3 − 36x
= x(x2 − 36) 3

b 
225  2
= x(x2 − 62) 
= x(x + 6)(x − 6)  289 
3
 225 
c 2x3 + 7x2 − 15x  
= x(2x2 + 7x − 15)  289 
= x(2x2 − 3x + 10x − 15) 153

= x(x(2x − 3) + 5(2x − 3)) 173
= x(2x − 3 )(x + 5 ) 3375

3 −3 4913
8 a 9x ÷3x
= 3x3 − (−3)
3
= 3x6 10 a
63
1
3
 3 3 
b  42  9 7
  3
3 1


= 42 3 3 7
1 1
= 42 
7
= 4
=±2 7

7
c 3x−2 × 2x4 b 20  2 45  80
= 6x−2 + 4
= 4 5  2 9 5  16 5
= 6x2
= 2 5  23 5  4 5
1 2
= 5 ( 2  6  4)
d 3x  6x
3 3

1 2 = 4 5
1 
= x3 3

2 11 a When x = 25,
1
1  1 35x2 + 2x − 48
= 3
or
 x
x
2 2 3 = 35 × 252 + 2 × 25 − 48
= 21 877
2
b 35x2 + 2x − 48
9 a  
8 3
 27  = 35x2 + 42x − 40x − 48
2
= 7x(5x + 6) − 8(5x + 6)
 38  = (5x + 6)(7x − 8)
 3  When x = 25, 5x + 6 = 131
 27 
and 7x − 8 = 167;
both 131 and 167 are prime numbers.

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Pure Mathematics Year 1 / AS SolutionBank

12 a 
2 3 5  d
23  37
23  37
3 2 2 5
 3 2  10

 23  37  23  37 
b  2  5  5  3   23  37   23  37 

= 10  2 3  5 5  3 5 23  2 23 37  37

23  37
= 10  2 3  5 5  15
60  2 851

c 6  2 4  7  14
30  851
= 24  6 7  4 2  2 7 
7
= 24  6 7  4 2  14
1
1 e
2  3
2
13 a
3
1 3
1


3 3 2  32  3
3 1
 
3 42 3 2 3  9
1
1 
b 42 3 2 3  9
2 1
2 1 

1 7  4 3 

 2 1  2 1  7  4 3  7  4 3 
74 3
2 1 
 49  28 3  28 3  48
2 1
74 3
 2 1 
1
3 74 3
c
32
 
1
3 32 f
4  7 
2

 32  32  1


3 36
3 4
 4  7  4  7 
1
3 36 
 16  4 7  4 7  49
1
1
 3 3  6 
23  8 7

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Pure Mathematics Year 1 / AS SolutionBank

1 5
13 f 16
4  7 
2
75  50
5


1  23  8 7  =
25 3  25  2
 23  8 7  23  8 7  =
5

23  8 7 5 3 5 2
 1
529  184 7  184 7  448 =
3 2
23  8 7
 1  ( 3  2)
81 =
( 3  2)( 3  2)
3 2
14 a x − x − 17x − 15 3 2
= (x + 3)(x2 + bx + c) =
9 2 3 2 3 4
= x3 + bx2 + cx + 3x2 + 3bx + 3c
= x3 + bx2 + 3x2 + 3bx + cx + 3c 3 2
=
= x3 − x2 − 17x − 15 1
Equating the coefficients gives b + 3 = −1, = 3 2
3b + c = −17, 3c = −15
Using b + 3 = −1, b = −4
Using 3c = −15, c = −5 17  
11  5 5  11 
= 5 11  121  25  5 11
b x3 − x2 − 17x − 15
= 10 11  36
= (x + 3)(x2 − 4x − 5)
= (x + 3)(x2 − 5x + x − 5)
18 x − 64x3
= (x + 3)(x(x − 5)+(x − 5))
= x(1 − 64x2 )
= (x + 3)(x − 5)(x + 1)
= x [ 12 −(8x )2 ]
1 = x(1 + 8x )(1 − 8x)
15 a y 3
1 19 272x + 1
 1 3 3 = (33)2x + 1
 x  = 33(2x + 1)
 64 
1
= 36x + 3
1 3
= 3y
 x 3
3
64 y = 6x + 3
x 8x
 20 8  x 12 
4 3
8 3  x 12 3  8 x
1
b 4y 8 3  x 36  8 x
1
 1 3 8 3  6x  8x
 4 x 
 64  8 3  2x
1 x4 3
 4 1
x 3 ( 1)
64

 256 x 3

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Pure Mathematics Year 1 / AS SolutionBank

21 Area = 12  cm2, length = 1  3 cm   23 a 243 3

1

12 = 3  32
5

Width = 1
1 3 5
=3 2


12  1  3   11

= 32
1  3  1  3 
11
a=
12  36 2
 11

1 3  3 9 b From part a: 3x  27 y  243 3  3 2

11

43  6 3x  33 y  3 2
 11
2 3x 3 y  3 2
2 3 6 11
 So x  3 y 
2 2
11  2 x
 3 3 3y 
 2
1
11  2 x
y
 3  3 cm 6

2  x 
2

5
22
x 4x 3  x 2
24
1
x
(2  x 2 ) 2

 5

4x  x 2
1 3

x2  1
1 1
x2
(2  x 2 )(2  x 2 )
  
1 5

1
 x 2  4 x3  x 2 
x2  
1 1 1 1
 1 1 5
4  2x 2  2x 2 x2 2
 4x
 3
x
 

2 2 2
1
5
x2
1 1
 4x 2  x2

 x 2 (4  4 x 2  x)  4x a  xb

1 1 1
  1
1 5
 4x 2
 4x 2 2
x 2 a , b2
2
1 1

 4 x 2  4 x0  x 2
1 1

 4x 2
 4  x2
4
 4 x
x

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Pure Mathematics Year 1 / AS SolutionBank

Challenge

a  a b  a b 
= a  a b  a b b
=a−b

b Rationalising the denominators:

1 1 1 1
   ... 
1 2 2 3 3 4 24  25
=
1 2 2 3 3 4 24  25
  ... 
1 2 
1 2 2 3   3 3 4  4      24  25  24  25 
1 2 2 3 3 4 24  25
=    ... 
1 2 23 3 4 24  25
    
=  1  2  2  3  3  4 ...  24  25   
=  1  2  2  3  3  4  ...  24  25
=  1  25
= −1 + 5
=4

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