Unit 3-Answer sheet

What Do You Know?, page 35

1 In recent years, schools and colleges begin have begun to experiment with a different
approach to classroom content. (The present perfect is used to express an action that began in
the past and continues until now.)

4 In the 1990s, some educators have proposed proposed a new strategy—flipping the
classroom.
(The simple past is used to express an action that was completed in the past.)

ACTIVITY 1, page 36
1. has studied
2. has increased
3. has begun
4. have found
5. has grown
6. have risen
7. Have you considered
8. have not joined

ACTIVITY 2, page 38
1. has affected
2. have arrived; arrived
3. have been; invented
4. Have you ever wondered; learned
5. have made; fought for and won
6. have already reached; live
7. have become; produced

ACTIVITY 3 Common Error 3.1, page 39

1. has experienced; carry; causes
2. have; have been; have begun; have lost
3. live; are; are; has increased; has dropped
4. have recommended; experience
5. has been; have had
6. spend; have shown; make

ACTIVITY 4 Common Error 3.2, page 40

1. collapsed
2. explored
3. have studied
4. have changed
5. have lost
6. has led
7. improved
8. came
9. voted
10. makes

ACTIVITY 5 Vocabulary in Academic Writing,

page 41
1. have made
2. have come
3. have become
4. has led
5. have taken
6. have shown
7. has had
8. have found
9. have been
10. have seen
ACTIVITY 6 Review Quiz, page 42
1. c
2. c
3. c
4. b
5. a
6. Since 2010, when the debt crisis first began in Greece, most private investors had have sold
their property there, and other countries have taken on Greece’s debt. (Had sold should be
changed to have sold. We need present perfect here because of the time cue Since 2010.) 7.
A group of researchers including anthropologists, human rights groups, and biologists, have
recent recently determined that nearly a million forest people live in central Africa, mostly
in areas where they are able to hunt and fish. (Use the adverb form, recently, to describe an
action.) 8. More than a decade has passed since one of the deadliest tsunamis killed more
than 200,000 people in 14 countries, most of them in Indonesia, after an earthquake with a
magnitude 9.1 has shifted shifted the ocean floor. (Has shifting should be shifted because it
was an action of short duration which was completed in the past.)

ACTIVITY 7, page 43
Answers may vary.
1. For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees and
shrubs in the fall.
2. Over recent years there has been a steadily growing concern about the admission
process at the most respected, selective American colleges.
3. Scientists reported Wednesday that 2015 was the hottest year in recorded history by far,
breaking a record set only the year before.

ACTIVITY 8 Steps to Composing, page 44

Some changes may vary.
Throughout the course of history, humans have wanted to soar above the earth like birds.
Thousands of years ago, the Greeks told the story of Daedelus, who made wings for himself
and his son Icarus out of feathers and wax. In the 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci designed a
flying machine called the Ornithopter. Although he never actually built his invention, the
modern-day helicopter is very similar to his design. Over the next few hundred years, people
invented hot-air balloons and gliders. Although there had been many attempts to build a
powered airplane, it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that these efforts were
successful. In 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright built and flew a motorized airplane for the first
time for 120 feet (37 meters).
Their invention has changed our lives dramatically. Once it took months or even years to cross
the ocean, but now travelers make the trip in hours. Because of air travel, we are able to see
other countries, eat new food, and learn about other cultures firsthand. However, this ability to
fly anywhere at any time also means that diseases can spread very quickly.

ACTIVITY 9, page 45
Answers will vary.