CHAPTER - 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
SURVEY 1
In 1999, Professor Imad Alatiqi illustrates the control and instrumentation
in MSF & RO plants. It may be simple as ON/OFF valve that is triggered on the
system measured parameters from desired set point. Most commonly used
controllers are PID. Control selection aims at fast response, high stability.
Supervisory system such as MPC are considered to obtain an integrated control
system of whole plant. Such models are necessary for various control strategies and
development of new control system.

SURVEY 2
Professor Kyu-Hong Ahn introduce the treatment of domestic waste water
for reuse by application of Micro Filtration. Permeate flux & resistance were
recovered by means of chemical cleaning. The particles in the membrane tank were
transferred into smaller size by agitator induced shear force. But suspended solids &
colloidal matter were removed by sieve mechanism of the membrane. By obtaining
the effluent quality, the water can be reused.

SURVEY 3
Professor Martin Jekel investigating the reversibility of biopolymer fouling
occurs at different biopolymer mass loads to the membrane. UF is a suitable process
after conventional waste water treatment however fouling affects UF for large
extent. The waste water is filtered by stirred cell tests leads to permeability reduction.
They can be removed by hydraulic backwashing an increased mass load reduces the
removal efficiency. The result is higher the filtration pressure, more the compact
biopolymer fouling occurs.

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SURVEY 4
Professor M.A. Salman investigates the effect of magnetic treatment method
(MTM) on the water quality and controlling scaling deposition in RO plants. The
two experiments were carried out at Doha reverse osmosis plant (DROP) to examine
MTM on chemical composition of two different solution, Portable water sea water.
The result shows that MTM did not change chemical composition and also MTM
affects clearly turbidity and Total suspended solids of tested water. The third
experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of MTM in retarding calcium
carbonate, calcium sulphate scaling at ambient temperature and constant magnetic
field. The results shows that MTM was effective in increasing retention time
required for scaling.

SURVEY 5
Professor Yun Chul Woo investigates about the removal of foulants from UF
membrane by consecutive chemical cleaning. Various physical cleaning strategies
such as backwashing, aeration are also used to remove foulants. Normally oxalic
acid and sodium hypochlorite as chemical cleaning agent’s .The recovery efficiency
of CIP after first, second, third, fourth cleaning was 96.8%, 95.8%, 98.3%, 99.9%
respectively. An improved CIP strategy should be developed to remove the foulants
for long term operation of desalination plants.

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