Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname 
  Faculteit der Technologische Wetenschappen 
Studierichting Electrotechniek 
Universiteitscomplex Leysweg 86, P.O.B. 9212, Paramaribo, Suriname, Telefoon: +597
STUDIERICHTING   465558, http://adekus.uvs.edu/electrotechniek, e-mail: administratie-ftew@uvs.edu
ELECTROTECHNIEK   ET 
Tentamen: Introductie in de Thermodynamica (TEETB305)
Datum: maandag 17 augustus 2020
Tijd: 09:00 – 12:00 uur
Docent: D. Makhanlall, Ph.D
Dit tentamen bestaat uit 4 opgaven
Het gebruik van eigen thermodynamische tabellen/Mollier diagram is toegestaan
Een wetenschappelijke (niet programmeerbare) rekenmachine is toegestaan
Een eigen formularium is NIET toegestaan


score
Cijfer
4


The laws of Thermodynamics
Law of thermodynamic equilibrium (Zeroth Law)
𝑻𝑨 𝑻𝑩
⇒ 𝑻𝑩 𝑻𝑪
𝑻𝑨 𝑻𝑪

Law of energy conservation (First Law)
𝒅𝑬
𝑸 𝑾 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒉 𝒆𝒌𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒕 𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒉 𝒆𝒌𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒕
𝒅𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒖𝒕
𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒖𝒕

with: 𝒉 𝒖 𝒑𝒗

Integrating: 𝑸 𝑾 ∆𝑼 ∆𝑬𝒌𝒊𝒏 ∆𝑬𝒑𝒐𝒕

Law of energy quality degradation (Second Law)
𝒅𝑺 𝑸𝒃
𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝝈𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅
𝒅𝒕 𝑻𝒃
𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒖𝒕

𝑸
Integrating: ∆𝑺 ∆𝑼 𝝈𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅
𝑻𝒃





Problem 1 Composite metal foam for street light posts (8p)
(Time: 20 – 30 min)

Metal foam is a light weight cellular material

inspired by nature. It is used to stiffen a
structure without much increasing of weight.
Therefore, metal foam may be ideal for the
use in street light posts.
a) Consider a street light post design from
composite material. Simply from observation
of the figure shown, a student claims that
such a street light post will strongly deform if
used in Suriname due to the heat. Do you
agree? Explain (3p)

The average specific heat of a composite

metal foam is determined from experiments,
and the results are given in the table below.

𝑡 ℃] 25 100 200 300 400 500

𝑐̿ kJ⁄ kg ∙ ℃ 0.717 0.745 0.814 0.915 1.096 1.297

b) Use the table values to calculate the change in internal energy (∆𝑈) of 250 g of this
metal foam when it is heated from 0 ℃ to 450 ℃. (5p)

Problem 2 Power‐cycle (8p)

(Time: 25 – 35 min)

5 m3 of an ideal gas at 1bar and 300K is compressed reversibly to a pressure of 4 bar
following a polynomic process:
𝑃𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
The gas is then heated reversibly at constant volume until the pressure is 6 bar, and the
specific volume 0.1 m3/kg. A reversible expansion following the polynomic process
.
𝑃𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
restores the gas to its original state. The specific heat of this gas at constant volume is
𝑐 0.72 𝑘𝐽⁄ 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
a) Determine the exponent 𝑛. (2p)
b) Calculate the net work of this power cycle. (3p)
c) Calculate the heat added during the isochoric process (3p)
Problem 3 Performance of a solar thermal power plant (14p)
(Time: 50 – 60 min)

Thermal power plants make electricity by using fossil fuel such as coal, oil, gas, and even
solar energy. The basic schematic of a solar thermal power plant is shown above.
a) Explain in your own words how electric power is produced in this system. State the
energy conversion that occurs in the boiler, turbine, and electrical generator. (1p)

Flow measurements show that at peak operation the boiler feedwater pump produce
a flow rate of 120 kg/s. Temperature and pressure measurements carried out in the
points 1-4 at peak operation are given below.
Point 𝑻 ℃ 𝑷 bar 𝒉 kJ/kg 𝒔 kJ/kg.K
1 560 40
2 20 0.0234 2285.69 8.2285
3 20 0.0234
4 20.1 40

b) Calculate the solar radiation energy transfer into the boiler. (2p)
c) Calculate the efficiency of the turbine (assume reversible adiabatic). (3p)
d) How much power must be supplied to the feedwater pump? (2p)
e) If the electric generator has an efficiency of 0.95, calculate how much electric power
is being produced by this plant. (1p)
f) Calculate the rate of entropy generation in the boiler, and turbine (Any required
boundary temperate may be set to 20 ℃). Which of these two components limit how
much electric power can be generated the most? (3p)
g) Sketch the T-s diagram of the working fluid in this plant. Your sketch should include:
(1) Points 1-4, (2) the liquid-vapor coexistence curve, (3) relevant isobars, and
(4) labels along the axes (2p)
Problem 4 Thermodynamic analysis of an electric motor (10p)
(Time: 45 – 55 min)

The electric motor shown draws a current of 𝐼 10 𝐴 with a voltage of 𝑉 220 𝑉. The
output shaft rotates at 𝑁 1000 𝑅𝑃𝑀 and applies a torque of 𝜏 20 𝑁𝑚 to an external
load.

Steady state operation

a) Use the first law of thermodynamics to determine the rate of heat generation in the
electric motor. (3p)
Note
The mechanical shaft work can be calculated from:
𝑊 𝜏∙𝜔
Here, 𝜔 is the angular velocity (‘hoeksnelheid’) in rad/s.

b) Explain that simply by observation of the figure it can be concluded that there must
be entropy generated in the motor. Where exactly in this motor is entropy being
generated? (2p)
c) Use the second law of thermodynamics to determine the entropy generation in the
electric motor. Clearly state any assumptions you make. (2p)

Startup
Assume that during startup the heat transfer between the motor and the surrounding is
changing with time as
𝑄 100 1 𝑒 .

d) Determine the energy change of the motor from t= 0 to t = 100s. (3p)

SUCCES
  
 
 
  Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname 
  Faculteit der Technologische Wetenschappen 
Studierichting Electrotechniek 
Universiteitscomplex Leysweg 86, P.O.B. 9212, Paramaribo, Suriname, Telefoon: +597
STUDIERICHTING   465558, http://adekus.uvs.edu/electrotechniek, e-mail: administratie-ftew@uvs.edu
ELECTROTECHNIEK   ET 

Introductie in de Thermodynamica (TEETB305)

maandag 17 augustus 2020

Solutions


Problem 1
a) Metal foam consists of a solid matrix and enclosed air. They will not both achieve thermodynamic
equilibrium with the surrounding at the same time, and thus expand differtly 1p. This differece in
expansion can lead to deformation 1p. However, temperatures in Suriname are not high enough to
cause significant or permanent deformation. 1p
b) Extrapolate: 𝑐̅ 0.0093 1p
.℃
Intralopate: 𝑐̅ 1.194 1p
.℃
∆𝑈 𝑄 1p 𝑚 𝑐̅ 𝑇 𝑐̅ 𝑇 1p 134.3 𝑘𝐽1p


Problem 2
⁄ ⁄
a) 𝑃 𝑉 𝑃𝑉 ⇒𝑛 ⁄ ⁄
⇒𝑛 1.9321p
.

. . .
Determine 𝑉 ⇒ 𝑃 𝑉 𝑃𝑉 ⇒𝑉 𝑉 2.44𝑚 1p

b) Work: 𝑊 𝑝 𝑑𝑉
.
𝑊 . 𝑑𝑉 𝑃𝑉 . 510519.6 𝐽1p

𝑊 0 𝐽0.5p
.
𝑊 . 𝑑𝑉 𝑃𝑉 . 644464.4 𝐽1p

∑𝑊 133944.8 𝐽0.5p

.
c) 𝑇 𝑇 300 585.6𝐾0.5p

𝑇 𝑇 585.5 878.4𝐾 0.5p

.
𝑚 24.4 𝑘𝑔1p
.

𝑄 𝑚𝑐 ∆𝑇 24.4 𝑘𝑔 0.720 878.4 585.6 5147.424 𝑘𝐽1p


Problem 3
a) Solar energy is used to generate steam in the boiler (solar energy - steam thermal energy conversion
0.25p), which then expands in the turbine to generate mechanical shaft energy (steam thermal energy –

mechanical shaft energy conversion 0.5p). The generator converts this mechanical energy into
electricity (mechanica-electrical energy conversion 0.25p).

. .
b) 𝐸 1p 4192.56 𝑘𝐽1p

c) Reversible adiabatic (isentropic) turbine: 𝑠 𝑠 7.2608 0.5p

.

Steam quality:
, ℃ , ℃ . . .
𝑥 1p⇒ ⇒ ℎ 2125.55 0.5p
, ℃ , ℃ , ℃ , ℃ . . . .

. .
𝜂 0.5p 100% 89% 0.5p
. .

d) Feedwater pump
𝑊 𝑚 ℎ ℎ 𝑚 𝑣 , ℃ 𝑝 𝑝 1p 120 0.001 40 – 0.0234 10 0.5p 47972 𝐽0.5p
.

e) 𝑊 𝜂 𝑊 𝜂 𝑚 ℎ ℎ 0.5p 0.95 120 3581.4 2285.69 ≡ 148𝑀𝑊 0.5p

f) Assume adiabatic turbine 𝜎 𝑚 𝑠 𝑠 0.5p 120 8.2285 7.2608 116.1 0.5p

.
𝜎 𝑚 𝑠 𝑠 1p 120 7.2608 0.2955 850.1 0.5p

𝜎 𝜎 ⇒ work potential is destroyed mainly in the heat exchanger 0.5p

g)

Problem 4
.
a) 𝑄 𝑊 𝑊 𝜔𝜏 𝐼𝑉 1p 𝜏 𝐼𝑉 100 𝑊 0.5p
b) Entropy generation in the electromotor is associated with the heat generation 1p. This occurs mainly in
the coil where the large electrical resistance leads to significant energy dissipation 1p.
c) Assume thermodynamic equilibrium with surrounding: 𝑇 293𝐾.1p
𝜎 0.5p 0.34 0.5p

.
d) 𝑄 W1p ⇒∆E= 100 1 𝑒𝑥𝑝 2.5𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐼𝑉𝑡 𝜏𝑡1p 100𝑒 𝑑𝑡
100 1 𝑒 . 1p