INDEX-A

Index
1 sec period, mapped spectral accelera- Sec. 21.2, 9‑3 Sec. F3, 10‑6, 10‑7
tion, 6‑9 Sec. 21.2.1, 9‑3 Sec. F3.5b, 10-7
1.33 Sec. 21.2.4, 9‑3 Sec. K2, 10‑2
factor, 6‑23 Sec. 25.3, 9‑3 AISC 360 Sec. A3.1c, 10-2
factor (tbl), 6‑24 Sec. 25.5.2.1, 9‑4 AITC, 6‑6
1/3 increase, 6‑52 ACI 530 Alaska
Sec. 2.3.3.1, 15‑31, 15‑32 earthquake, 6-5
A Sec. 7.2, 11‑3 earthquake (ftn), 3‑6
AASHTO, 15‑34 Sec. 7.3, 7‑15 Allowable
Absolute rigidity, 4‑3 Sec. 7.3.1, 11‑3 connector strength, 12-6
Abutment, 15‑41 Sec. 7.3.2.3.1, 11‑2 shear stress, masonry, 11-3
Acceleration Sec. 7.3.2.6, 11‑1 stress, 6‑52
effective peak ground, 3‑6 Sec. 7.3.2.6.1.2, 7‑2, 7-15 stress design, 6‑5, 11‑1, 12-1
effective peak ground (ftn), 3‑6 Sec. 7.4, 11‑1 stress, method, 6‑52
ground, vertical, 6‑35 Sec. 7.4.4.2.1, 11‑1 Alluvium, 6‑4
mapped spectral, 6‑9 Sec. 7.4.4.2.2, 11‑2 Alum Rock earthquake, A-9
peak ground, iii, 2‑1, 2-4 Sec. 7.4.5.1, 11‑2 American
response period, 6-26 Sec. 8.3.5.1.2, 11‑3 Concrete Institute, 6‑3
response spectrum, 6‑4 ACI 530 (see also Building Code Require- Institute of Steel Construction, 6-3
response spectrum of spectral, 5-1 ments for Masonry Structures), 11‑1 National Standards Institute, 6-3
risk-targeted maximum considered Act Society of Civil Engineers, 6‑3
earthquake ground motion re- Field, 6‑1, A-8 Amplification
sponse, 3‑6 Riley, 6‑1, A‑8 factor, component, 6-43
spectral, 3‑7 Action factor, deflection, 6‑39
spectral, pseudo (ftn), 3‑7 bent, 5-7 factor, seismic force, 6‑13, 6-22
vertical, iii, 2‑1, 2‑5 diaphragm, 7‑1 soil, 6‑8
Accelerogram El Centro earthquake, A-7 Active Analysis
Accelerograph, 2‑7 California fault (fig), 1‑6 dynamic, 4‑1, 6‑51, 15-36
Accelerometer, 2-7 chord, 7‑11 static, 4‑1
Accidental fault, iii, 2‑1, 2-4 Anchorage, 13‑1
eccentricity, 5-10 mass damper, 14-3 Anchorage (see also Connection) to concrete
eccentricity (fig), 5-10 pulse system, 14-3 wall, 9‑2
torsion, 6‑36 system, 14‑3 Angle section (fig), 10-5
ACI, 6‑6 tendon system, 14‑3 Angular frequency, 4-5
(see also American Concrete Institute), ADAS see also Added damping and stiff- Anisotropy, A‑12
6‑3 ness, 14‑4 ANSI (see also American National Stan-
18.10.8.1, 13‑2 Added damping and stiffness, 14-4 dards Institute), 6‑3
530 Sec. 7.3.2.6.1.2, 7‑16 Adjustment Applied Technology Council, 6-3
Section 3.1.5, 11‑1 factor, wood, 12‑6 Architectural considerations, 14-4
ACI 318, 6‑3, 9-1 factors for connections, vii, 15‑43, A-41 failure (ftn), 5‑7
Sec. 18.2.7, 9‑4 AISC, 6‑6 ARS (see also Acceleration response spec-
Sec. 18.2.8, 9‑4 341, Sec. K1, A‑15 trum), 6‑4
Sec. 18.2.8.2, 9‑4 358, A‑15 Arvin-Tehachapi, earthquake, A‑8
Sec. 18.6, 9‑4 360, A‑15 ASCE (see also American Society of Civil
Sec. 18.6.2, 9‑4 (see also American Institute of Steel Engineers), 6‑3
Sec. 18.6.3, 9‑1, 9-4 Construction), 6‑3 ASCE/SEI7, 4‑12, 10‑1, 11‑1, 14‑4
Sec. 18.6.3.3, 9‑4 AISC 341, 10‑1 Chap. 7, 6‑6
Sec. 18.6.4, 9‑6 Chap. F, 10-5 Chap. 13, 6‑42, 6-43
Sec. 18.6.4.4, 9‑4 Sec. A1, 10-1 Chap. 15, 6‑5, 6‑13, 6‑47
Sec. 18.6.4.6, 9‑4 Sec. A3, 10-2 Chap. 16, 6‑28
Sec. 18.6.4.7, 9-6 Sec. A3.1, 10-2 Chap. 16 (tbl), 6‑29
Sec. 18.7, 9‑4, 9-6 Sec. A3.3, 10-2 Chap. 17, 14‑2
Sec. 18.7.3.2, 9‑4 Sec. B2, 10-1 Chap. 18, 14-3
Sec. 18.7.4.3, 9‑4 Sec. D1, 10-2 Chap. 20, 6‑9, 15‑35
Sec. 18.7.5, 9‑7 Sec. D1.1b, 10-5 Chap. 21, 6‑51
Sec. 18.7.5.3, 9‑4 Sec. D2, 10-2 Chap. 23, 6‑49
Sec. 18.7.5.6, 9‑5, 9-7 Sec. E1, 10-2 Chap. 26, 6‑6
Sec. 18.8, 9‑5 Sec. E1.6b, 10-2 Chap. 31, 6‑6
Sec. 18.8.2.3, 9‑5 Sec. E3, 10‑2 Eq. 7.3-1, 6‑6
Sec. 18.8.4.1, 9‑5 Sec. E3.4, 10‑3, 10-4 Eq. 12.4-1, 6‑23, 6-25
Sec. 18.10.2, 9‑3 Sec. E3.4a, 10‑3 Eq. 12.4-4, 6‑36
Sec. 18.10.6, 9‑2 Sec. E3.4c, 10‑4 Eq. 12.8-1, 6‑28
Sec. 18.10.8, 13‑2 Sec. E3.5c (tbl), 10-4 Eq. 12.8-2, 6‑26, 7‑13, 7‑14, 7‑15, 15‑8,
Sec. 18.12.1, 9‑5 Sec. E3.6b, 10‑3 15‑30
Sec. 18.12.6.1, 9‑5 Sec. E3.6f, 10-3 Eq. 12.8-3, 6‑26, 6‑28, 6‑30, 6‑31, 15-8
Sec. 18.12.7, 9‑5 Sec. E4, 10-3 Eq. 12.8-3, 6‑26, 6‑28
Sec. 18.12.7.4, 9‑5 Sec. E4.4a, 10-3 Eq. 12.8-4, 6‑26
Sec. 18.14, 9‑2 Sec. E4.6, 10-3 Eq. 12.8-4, 6‑26
Sec. 19.2.1.1, 9‑3 Sec. F2.4b, 10-5 Eq. 12.8-5, 6‑27, 6‑28, 6‑30, 15‑30
Sec. 20.2.2, 9‑4 Sec. F2.4c, 10-5 Eq. 12.8-5, 6‑26
Sec. 20.6.1, 9‑6 Sec. F2.4d, 10‑5 Eq. 12.8-6, 6‑26, 6‑27, 6‑28, 6‑30, 6‑31,

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 I-2 C A L I F O R N I A C I V I L S E I S M I C B U I L D I N G D E S I G N

15‑30 Sec. 12.9, 6‑7, 6‑28, 6‑51, 15-36 Table 13.5-1, 6‑42, 6‑43, 15‑35
Eq. 12.8-6, 6‑26 Sec. 12.9 (tbl), 6‑29 Table 13.5-1 (tbl), 6‑44
Eq. 12.8-7, 6‑20, 6‑27, 6‑28, 6‑29, 6‑30, Sec. 12.9.1, 4‑12, 6‑51 Table 15.4-1, 6‑47
15‑4, 15‑18, 15‑19 Sec. 12.9.2, 6‑51 Table 15.4-2, 6‑47, 15‑6, 15‑7
Eq. 12.8-11, 6‑33 Sec. 12.9.3, 6‑51, 6-52 Table 15.4-2 (tbl), 6‑47
Eq. 12.8-12, 6‑33 Sec. 12.9.3, 4‑12 Table 20.3-1, 6‑9, 6‑11, 6‑23, 6‑25, 6‑27,
Eq. 12.8-14, 6‑36 Sec. 12.9.4, 6‑7, 6‑51, 6-52 15‑11, 15‑35
Eq. 12.8-15, 6‑36 Sec. 12.10.1, 7‑1 Table 20.3-1 (tbl), 6‑10
Eq. 12.8-16, 6‑41, 6-42 Sec. 12.10.1.1, 7‑2, 7‑14, 7‑15, 15‑37 ASD (see also Allowable stress design), 6-5
Eq. 12.10-1, 7‑2, 15‑37 Sec. 12.10.2, 6‑47, 7‑8, 9-2 ATC (see also Applied Technology Council),
Eq. 12.11-1, 9‑2, 12-7 Sec. 12.10.2.1, 9‑2 6-3
Eq. 12.12-1, 6‑39 Sec. 12.11, 9‑2, 12‑7 Attachment, 6-42
Eq. 12.12-2, 6‑39 Sec. 12.11.1, 6‑43, 6‑45, 6‑46, 7-2 Attenuation, 2‑4
Eq. 12.14-11, 6‑31 Sec. 12.11.2, 9‑2 equation, 2‑4
INDEX-B

Eq. 12.14-12, 6‑34, 6-35 Sec. 12.11.2 (tbl), 6‑44 ground motion, iii, 2‑1, 2-6
Eq. 13.3-1, 6‑42 Sec. 12.11.2.2.3, 12‑6, 12-7 Authority, 15‑33
Eq. 13.3-2, 6‑43, 6‑45, 6‑46 Sec. 12.12, 8‑4 Avalon earthquake, A‑10
Eq. 13.3-3, 6‑43, 6‑45, 6-47 Sec. 12.12.1, 6‑20
Eq. 15.4-5, 6‑49 Sec. 12.12.1.1 (tbl), 6‑37 B
Eq. 17.5-1, 14‑3 Sec. 12.12.2, 7‑11 Base, A‑1
Eq. 17.5-2, 14‑3 Sec. 12.12.3, 6‑39, 6‑40, 9-2 isolation, 14-1
Eq. 17.5-7, 14‑3 Sec. 12.12.3 (tbl), 6‑37 isolation (fig), 14-1
Eq. 17.5-9, 14‑3 Sec. 12.12.5, 6‑7, 6‑51, 9-2 shear, 3‑7, 4‑10, 6-7
Eq. 20.4-1, 6‑9, 15-11 Sec. 12.13.4, 6‑40 shear coefficient, 6‑2
Eq. 20.4-2, 6‑9 Sec. 12.14, 6‑31, 15-36 shear, calculating, 6‑28
Eq. 20.4-3, 6‑9 Sec. 12.14.1.1, 6‑31 shear, distribution, 6‑33, 6‑34
Eq. 20.4-4, 6‑9 Sec. 12.14.7.1, 9‑2 Bay
Fig. 22-12, 6‑26 Sec. 12.14.7.3, 9‑2 length, 10‑7
Fig. 7-1, 6‑6 Sec. 12.14.8.1, 6‑31 number in a shear wall, 6-15
Sec. 2.3.2, 6‑22, 6‑36, 15‑30 Sec. 12.14.8.5, 6‑37 Beam, 7‑4, 7‑8
Sec. 2.4.1, 6‑36, 15‑30, 15‑31, 15‑32 Sec. 13.1.3, 6‑43, 6‑45, 6‑46 center link, 10‑6, 10-7
Sec. 11.2 (tbl), 6‑37, 6-44 Sec. 13.1.5, 15‑7 center link (fig), 10‑7
Sec. 11.4.4, 6‑26 Sec. 13.3, 6‑42 -column connections, A‑11
Sec. 11.4.7 (tbl), 6-10 Sec. 13.3.2, 6‑43 -column, concrete, 9-5
Sec. 11.6, 6‑11 Sec. 13.4.2, 9‑2 dogbone, A‑15
Sec. 12.1.3, 6‑13 Sec. 13.5.3, 6‑43 end link (fig), 10‑7
Sec. 12.2, 6‑13 Sec. 13.5.7.2 (tbl), 6‑44 -hinge mode, failure, 15-38
Sec. 12.2.1, 9‑2 Sec. 14.4, 11‑2 link, 10‑6
Sec. 12.2.2, 6‑19 Sec. 15.4.2, 6‑49, 6‑50 Bearing
Sec. 12.2.3.1, 6‑19 Sec. 15.4.3, 6‑49 elastic (fig), 14-2
Sec. 12.2.3.2, 15‑6 Sec. 15.7.6, 6‑49 isolation, 14‑1
Sec. 12.2.5.1, 6‑14 Sec. 16.2.2, 6‑20 wall system, 6‑13, 15‑5, A-1
Sec. 12.2.5.3, 6‑15 Sec. 17.4.1, 14‑3 wall system (fig), 6‑13
Sec. 12.3.1 (ftn), 5‑9 Sec. 17.5, 14‑2 Belting, 14‑5
Sec. 12.3.1.3, 7-8 Sec. 17.5.4.3, 14‑3 Bending, cross-grain, 12-7
Sec. 12.3.1.3 (ftn), 6‑20 Sec. 17.5.6, 14‑3 Bent action, 5‑7
Sec. 12.3.2, 4‑1, 6‑17 Sec. 17.6, 14‑3 Blocking, 7‑8, 12‑4
Sec. 12.3.3, 6‑18, 6-20 Sec. 17.6.2.1, 14‑3 Blue
Sec. 12.3.3.2, 6‑51 Sec. 17.6.3.3, 14‑2 Book, 6‑3
Sec. 12.3.3.4, 6‑51 Sec. 17.6.3.4, 14‑2 Book (ftn), 6‑20
Sec. 12.3.4, 6‑15 Sec. 20.3.1, 15‑35 Book Sec. C101.1.1, 6-5
Sec. 12.3.4.1, 6‑15 Sec. 21.2.1, 6‑51 Blue Book, SEAOC, A‑15
Sec. 12.3.4.2, 6‑15, 6‑16, 6-17 Table 1.5-1, 6‑8, 6‑11, 6‑27 Body-friction damping, 4-7
Sec. 12.4, 6‑22 Table 1.5-2, 6‑6, 6‑8, 15‑37 Bolt, 12‑5
Sec. 12.4.2, 2‑5, 6-22 Table 5-1, 6‑8 lateral design values, double shear con-
Sec. 12.4.2.2, 6‑36 Table 7-2, 6‑6 nections, vii, 15‑43, A-38
Sec. 12.4.2.3, 9‑2 Table 7-3, 6‑6 lateral design values, single shear con-
Sec. 12.4.3, 6‑22, 6‑47, 10-2 Table 11.6-1, 6-12 nection, vii, 15‑43, A‑40
Sec. 12.4.3.1, 6‑22 Table 11.6-1 (tbl), 6-11 lateral design values, single shear con-
Sec. 12.5, 6‑36, 9-2 Table 11.6-2, 6-12 nections, vii, 15‑43, A-36
Sec. 12.5.3, 6‑20, 6-51 Table 11.6-2 (tbl), 6‑11 Bolted connection, 10‑3
Sec. 12.6, 6‑31 Table 12.2-1, 6‑13, 6‑14, 6‑16, 6‑17, Boundary elements, concrete, 9-2
Sec. 12.6 (ftn), 6‑2 6‑19, 6‑20, 6‑22, 6‑25, 6‑38, 6‑39, Box
Sec. 12.7.2, 6‑25 6‑40, 6‑41, 6‑42, 7‑13, 10‑5, 15‑5, nail, dimensions, A‑35
Sec. 12.7.3, 6‑20 15‑7, 15‑8, A‑16 system (see also Bearing wall system),
Sec. 12.8, 6‑7, 6‑28, 6‑52, 15-8 Table 12.2-1 (tbl), 6-37 15‑5
Sec. 12.8 (tbl), 6‑29 Table 12.3-1, 6‑17, 6‑20, 6‑28, 6‑51, Brace, 7-8
Sec. 12.8.1, 5‑7 15‑36 Braced
Sec. 12.8.1.1, 15‑19, 15‑30 Table 12.3-1 (tbl), 6‑18 frame, 6‑13, 10‑5, A-1
Sec. 12.8.2, 6‑21 Table 12.3-2, 6‑17, 6‑18, 6‑19, 6‑28, frame types (fig), 10‑5
Sec. 12.8.2.1, 3‑7, 6‑20, 6-22 6‑51, 15‑36 frame, buckling-restrained, 10-2
Sec. 12.8.3, 6‑33 Table 12.3-2 (tbl), 6-18 frame, eccentric, 10‑6
Sec. 12.8.4, 6‑20 Table 12.3-3, 6‑15 tube building, 5-12
Sec. 12.8.4.2, 6‑36, 15‑21 Table 12.3-3 (tbl), 6‑16 Bracing
Sec. 12.8.4.2, 5‑10 Table 12.6-1, 6‑18, 6‑20, 6‑28, 6‑31 diagonal, 10-5
Sec. 12.8.4.3, 6‑51 Table 12.8-1, 6‑21 K-, 10‑5
Sec. 12.8.5, 5‑11 Table 12.8-2, 6‑20, 6‑22, 6‑27, 6‑28, V-, 10‑5
Sec. 12.8.6, 6‑36 6‑30, 15‑4 X-, 5‑8, 10‑3, 10‑5
Sec. 12.8.6, 5‑7 Table 12.8-2 (tbl), 6‑21 Bridge, 6‑4, 15-34
Sec. 12.8.7, 6‑41, 6-42 Table 12.12-1, 6‑37 period, 6‑4
Sec. 12.8.7, 5‑8 Table 12.12-1 (tbl), 6‑37 Bridging, 7‑8

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 INDEX I-3

BSSC (see also Building Seismic Safety Closed tie, 15‑9 strength, nominal, 12-6
Council), 6‑3 CMU (see also Concrete masonry unit) structural, tension ties, A‑22
Buckling-restrained braced frame, 10‑2 connection to, 15‑38, 15‑39 Considered earthquake, maximum, 3-6
Building Code, 6‑3 Constant
Code Requirements for Masonry Struc- International Building, 6-3 Lamé’s, 1-7
tures (see also ACI 530), 11‑1 seismic building, 6‑1 spring, 4‑2
Code, International, 6-3 Coefficient Construction
Building base shear, 6-2 concrete, 9-1
damping ratio, 4-8 damping, 4-7 cost, 15‑37
frame system, 6-13 damping, critical, 4‑7 details, masonry, 11-1
frame system (fig), 6-14 seismic response, 6‑9, 6-26 flexible diaphragm, 7-9
high-rise, 5‑12, 15-3 site, 6‑9 masonry, 11‑1
irregular, 6‑17, 15-36 stability, 5‑9, 6-41 steel, v, 10-1
mass, 6‑26 Collector, 7‑8 tilt-up, 13-1
period, 3‑6, 6-20 element, concrete, A-1 wood, v, 12‑1
regular, 6-17 force, 7‑8 Content, frequency, 2-7
rigid frame, 5‑12 Collector (fig), 7-8 Continental drift, 1-2
Seismic Safety Council, 6-3 Column Continuity, 6‑47
separation, 6‑39 beam-, connections, A-11 plate, 10-3
separation (fig), 6‑39 cantilevered, 6-15 ties, 12‑3
tilt-up, 13‑1 concrete, 9‑5 Conventional light-frame construction, 12-1
tube, 2‑5, 5-12 flexible diaphragm, 7‑9 Conversion factors, A‑4
weight, 6‑26 -girder joint, steel, 15-41 Cost of construction, 15‑37
Bullion Mountains earthquake, A‑9 girder-, joint restraint, 10‑4 Coulomb friction, 4-7

INDEX-D
-hinge mode, failure, 15-38 Counter, scintillation, 2-7
C steel, 10‑2 Cover
Calibration earthquake, 2‑2 Combination concrete, 9-6
California Administrative Code, 6-4 CQC, 4‑12 reinforcement, 9‑6
California load, 6‑22 Crawl space, 12‑8
concrete, 9‑1 load, masonry, 11-1 Credible earthquake, maximum, 6-4
earthquake, 1-1 loads, steel, 10-1 Creep, 1‑5
earthquakes, A-8 SRSS, 4‑12 fault, A-1
fault, 1‑5 Combined load, 6‑6 tectonic, A‑2
fault (fig), 1‑6 Common nails, dimensions, A-35 Creepmeter, 2-7
CALTRANS, 15‑34 Compatibility deformation, 6-51 Cripple wall, 12-8
(ftn), 14‑1 Complete quadratic combination, 4-12 Criteria
seismic provisions, 6-4 Compliance, 4‑2 life-safety, 6-5
Cantilever Component survivability, 6‑4
displacement, 5-7 amplification factor, 6-43 Critical
method, 8‑2 nonstructural, 6‑42 damping, 4‑7, 15‑4, A-1
method frame deflection (fig), 8-2 response modification factor, 6-43 damping coefficient, 4‑7
pier, 4‑4 Compression wave, 1‑7 Critically damped system, 4-7
pier (fig), 4-5S Concentrically braced frame, 10-2 Cross
piers, rigidity, A‑6 Concrete -grain bending, 12‑7
Cantilevered California, 9-1 -grain bending and tension (fig), 12‑7
column building system, 6-15 confined, 15‑8, A-1 -grain tension, 12-7
column building system (fig), 6‑15 construction, 9-1 Crosstie, 9‑3
Category cover, 9‑6 supplementary, A-2
occupancy, 6-8 ductile, 9‑1, 15-8 Crust, ocean, 1‑2
risk, 6‑8 pedestal, 6-49
seismic design, 6-11 special, 9‑1, 15-8 D
Center strength, 9‑3 Damage, iii, 3-1
link, 10‑6 wall, anchorage to, 9-2 Damped period, 4-8
link beam, 10‑7 Configuration, 6-17 Damper, 4‑6
link beam (fig), 10-7 Confined concrete, 15‑8, A-1 active mass, 14-3
of mass, 5‑9, 6‑36 Confinement concrete, 9-1 friction, 14-3
of mass (fig), 5-9 Connection passive, 14-3
of rigidity, 5‑9 adjustment factors, vii, 15‑43, A-41 tuned mass, 14-3
of rigidity (fig), 5-9 beam-column, A‑11 visco-elastic, 14‑3
Characteristic between portions, 6-47 Damping, 4‑6, A-1
earthquake, 3-1 bolted, 10-3 body-friction, 4-7
site, 3-1 diaphragm-wall, 12-6 coefficient, 4‑7
spectral, 3-7 dry, 9‑2 critical, 4‑7, 15‑4, A-1
structural, 3‑1 mechanical, 9-4 external viscous, 4-7
Charpy test, 10‑2 RBS, A‑15 hysteresis, 4‑7, 5-5
Chile earthquake, 2‑7 reduced beam section moment, A-15 internal viscous, 4-7
Chimney (fig), 6‑48 reinforcement configurations (fig), 10-5 moderate (fig), 4-7
Chino Hills earthquake, A-9 SidePlate moment, A‑15 radiation, 4‑7
Chord, 7‑11, A‑1 slotted web, A‑15 ratio, 4‑7, 15‑4, 15‑5, 15-38
active, 7-11 steel moment frame, vii, 15‑43, A-11 ratio, building, 4‑8
drift, 5-7 steel prequalified, A‑15 ratio, seismometer, 2-7
force, 7‑12 tilt-up construction (fig), 13-1 ratios (tbl), 4-8
in plane of diaphragm (fig), 12-2 to CMU, 15‑38, 15‑39 system, 14‑3
passive, 7‑11 to concrete wall, 9-2 Dead load, 6‑22, 6-25
size, 7‑12 type I, 10‑1 Decay
-splice slip, 7-10 type II (ftn), 10‑1 decrement, 4-7
Chord (fig), 7-11 welded, 10‑3, A-11 envelope, 4‑7
Circular wet, 9‑2 Decoupling, 14-1
frequency, 4-5 Connector Decrement
section (fig), 10‑6 strength, 12‑5 decay, 4-7
Cladding, 6-43 strength, allowable, 12-6 logarithmic, 4‑7

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 I-4 C A L I F O R N I A C I V I L S E I S M I C B U I L D I N G D E S I G N

Deep earthquake, 1-2 flexural, 7-10 Loma Prieta (ftn), 2‑6

Definitions, A-1 shear, 7-10 Long Beach, 6‑1, A‑8
Deflection, 4‑2 staple, 7‑10 maximum considered, 3-6
amplification factor, 6‑39 Distribution of base shear, 6‑33, 6-34 maximum, credible, 6-4
and stiffness (tbl), 4-2 DOC maximum, probable, 3-6
diaphragm, 7‑10 PS 1, 12‑2 Mexico City, 3‑1, 4-9
static, 4‑2, 4-9 PS 2, 12‑2 moderate, 2‑2
Deformation Dogbone beam, A‑15 Napa, A-9
concrete, 9-2 Doubler plate, 10‑3, 15‑10, A‑1 nature of, 1-1
reversal, 5‑5 Dowel-type fasteners, dimensions, vii, 15‑43, Niigata, 6‑5
Degree A‑30 Niigata (ftn), 3‑6
of freedom, 4‑2 Drag strut, 7-8 Northridge, vii, 6‑51, 15‑43, A‑9, A-11
of freedom, multiple, 4-11 Drift, 5‑7, 15‑3 oblique, 6‑36
of freedom, single, 4‑2 amplification factor, 6‑39 occurrence frequency (tbl), 2-6
-of-freedom system, single-, 3-7 chord, 5‑7 Parkfield, 6‑2, A‑8
Depth continental, 1‑2 Parkfield-San Bernardino, A-9
diaphragm, 7-9 effect of variables on (tbl), 5-7 prediction, 2‑7
focal, 1‑1 limit, 5‑7, 15‑7 San Fernando, 6‑2, A-8
Design limitation, 6‑37 San Francisco, A‑8
allowable stress, 6‑5, 11‑1 maximum total, 6‑36, 6‑37 San Simeon, A‑9
base shear, simplified (fig), 6-31 ratio, interstory, maximum, 14-3 Santa Barbara, 6‑1, A-8
coefficients, seismic force-resisting shear, 5‑7 shallow, 1‑1, 1‑4
systems, A‑16 story, 4‑14, 5‑7 South Napa, A-10
criteria, survivability, 6-4 story (fig), 5‑8 Sylmar, A-8
displacement, 14-2 story, maximum, 6‑36, 6‑37 terminology (fig), 1-1
ductility factor, 5-6 total, 5‑7 Whittier, A-9
eccentricity, 6-36 total (fig), 5-7 Yountville, A‑9
empirical, 11‑1 Dry connection, 9-2 Earthquake,
factor, seismic force-resisting systems, Dual Northridge, A‑9
A‑16 system, 6-14 Santa Barbara, A‑8
features, special, 14‑1 system (fig), 6‑14 Easter earthquake, A-10
inelastic, 5-5 Ductile EBF, 10‑6
load, 6‑22 concrete, 9‑1, 15-8 end link, 10-7
load and resistance factor, 6-5 framing, 14‑4 Eccentric
procedure, seismic (tbl), 6-7 moment-resisting frame, 15‑5, A‑1 braced frame, 10‑6
response spectra, 5‑2, 5-5 Ductility, 5‑3, 6‑12, 15-2 link deflections (fig), 10-7
response spectrum (fig), 5-6 displacement, 5-3 link design (fig), 10‑6
service level stress, 6-6 factor, 5‑4, 15-2 Eccentricity, 5-9
strength, 11‑1 factor, design, 5‑6 accidental, 5-10
ultimate strength, 6‑6 risk reduction factor, 6-4 accidental (fig), 5-10
Desired plastic hinge behavior (fig), 10-4 swing, 5‑5 design, 6‑36
Diagonal bracing, 10‑5 Duhamel integral, 4-10 Eccentricity (fig), 5-9
Diaphragm Duration of shaking, 2-7 Edge
action, 7-1 Dynamic nailing, A-1
concrete, 9-5 analysis, 4‑1, 6‑51, 15-36 stapling, 12‑3
deflection, 7-10 analysis procedure, 6‑51 Effect
INDEX-E

depth, 7-9 analysis, lateral force procedure, 6‑28 P-delta, 5‑8, 6‑41, 15-3
factor, 12‑6 P-delta (fig), 5-8
flexible, 7‑8, 15-36 E secondary, 5‑8
flexible (ftn), 6‑20 Earthquake seismic load, 6-22
force, 7‑1, 7-2 Alaska, 6-5 Effective
horizontal, 7-1 Alaska (ftn), 3‑6 peak ground acceleration, iii, 2‑1, 2‑4,
irregularity, 6-20 Alum Rock, A‑9 3‑6
normal stress, 7-12 Arvin-Tehachapi, A-8 peak ground acceleration (ftn), 3‑6
opening, 12‑7 Avalon, A‑10 peak velocity (ftn), 3‑6
rigid, 7‑3 Bullion Mountains, A-9 seismic weight, 6-25
shear flow, 7‑9 calibration, 2-2 stress, 3‑6
shear flow distribution (fig), 7-10 California, 1‑1, A-8 El Centro earthquake, accelerogram, A-7
simplified building and roof (fig), 7-1 characteristics, 3-1 El Centro
span, 7‑10 Chile, 2‑7 earthquake, 2‑6, 5‑3, 6‑2, A-8
theory, 7‑1 Chino Hills, A‑9 earthquake (fig), 5‑1, 5‑2
-wall connection, 12-6 deep, 1-2 earthquake, log tripartite plot (fig), 5‑4
Dilatational source theory, 1-4 direction, 6-36 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake, A-10
Dilatometer, 2‑7 Easter, A‑10 Elastic
Dimension effects by location (tbl), 3-1 bearing (fig), 14-2
dowel-type fasteners, vii, 15‑43, A‑30 El Centro, 2‑6, 5‑3, 6‑2, A-8 deformation (fig), 6‑37
ratios, maximum (tbl), 12‑4 El Centro, accelerogram, A-7 design response spectra (fig), 5-2
Dip, A‑1 El Mayor-Cucapah, A-10 rebound theory, 1‑1, A-1
slip, A‑1 energy release, iii, 1‑1, 1-4 response, 5‑1
-slip fault, 1-4 Eureka, A‑9 response spectra, 5-1
Direction, earthquake, 6-36 expected number (tbl), 2‑6 response spectra (fig), 5‑1
Discontinuity, in-plane, 6-18 Fort Sage Mountains, A-8 Elastomeric bearing, 14-1
Displacement, 2‑4 generation, 1‑1 Element
cantilever, 5-7 Gorda Plate, A-9 added damping and stiffness, 14-4
design, 14-2 great, 1‑4, 2-2 horizontal, 15‑35
ductility, 5-3 Hector Mine, A‑9 vertical, 15-35
fault, A‑1 Imperial Valley, 6‑2, A-9 Empirical design, 11-1
maximum inelastic response, 5‑8, 6-36 intermediate, 1‑1 End
spectral, 3‑7 Kern County, A-8 -grain factor, 12-6
Dissipation energy, system, 14-1 Kobe, 6‑2 link, 10‑6
Distortion Loma Prieta, 2‑8, 3‑1, 4‑9, 6‑2, A-9 link beam (fig), 10-7

P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
 INDEX I-5

link EBF, 10‑7 active California (fig), 1‑6 moment-resisting, 6‑14, 15‑5, A-2
Energy California (fig), 1‑6 ordinary concentrically braced, 10-2
dissipation system, 14-1 creep, A‑1 ordinary moment, 10‑2
earthquake, iii, 1‑1, 1-4 dip-slip, 1-4 ordinary moment-resisting, 6-14
release, iii, 2‑1, 2-3 displacement, A-1 rigid, A‑2
reserve, A‑2 gouge, A‑1 space, A‑2
strain, 1‑1, 1‑4, 5-5 left-lateral, 1-4 special ductile, A‑2
strain (fig), 5‑5 major, 15-34 special moment, 10‑1, 10‑2
Engineer, geotechnical, 15-34 normal, A-2 special moment-resisting, 6‑14, 10‑1,
Engineering authority, 15-34 oblique, 1-4 15‑5
Envelope, decay, 4‑7 reverse, 1‑4, A-2 special truss (fig), 10‑4
EPA, 3‑6 right-lateral, 1-5 steel, 10‑1
Epicenter, 1‑1 sag, A‑1 vertical load-carrying, 6-13
locating, iii, 1‑1, 1‑7 San Andreas, 1-5 Framed tube, 5‑12
Equation (see also Formula), attenuation, scarp, A‑1 Framing
2‑4 strike-slip, 1‑4, A-2 an opening (fig), 12‑8
Equilibrium, principle of dynamic, 4-12 thrust, 1-4 joist-parallel wall (fig), 12-7
Equivalent transcurrent, A-2 joist-wall, adequate (fig), 12-6
lateral force, 4‑1 type of (fig), 1-5 joist-wall, inadequate (fig), 12-6
lateral force procedure, 6‑28 wrench, 1‑4, A‑2 members (fig), 7‑8
lateral force, static load, A-1 Federal Emergency Management Agency, wood, 12-1
procedure, 6‑7 6‑3 Freedom
Essential FEMA (see also Federal Emergency Man- degree of, 4‑2
facility, 6‑8, A-1 agement Agency), 6‑3 multiple degree of, 4-11
facility (tbl), 6‑8 Field Frequency, 4‑5, 15‑5
Eureka earthquake, A-9 Act, 6‑1, A-8 angular, 4-5
Exterior cladding panel, 6-43 nailing, A-1 circular, 4-5
External viscous damping, 4-7 stapling, 12‑3 content, 2‑7
Extreme soft story, 6‑18 Fire, ring of, 1-2 occurrence, iii, 2‑1, 2-5
First mode, 4-11 Friction
F Fixed Coulomb, 4-7
Facility pier, 4‑4 damper, 14‑3
essential, 6‑8, A-1 pier (fig), 4-5 Function
essential (tbl), 6-8 piers, rigidity, A‑5 forcing, 4-8
hazardous, 6-8 Flat-bottom tank, 6-49 impulse, 4-8
hazardous (tbl), 6-8 Flexibility, 4‑2, 15-2 step, 4‑8
standard occupancy, 6‑8 Flexible Fundamental
Factor, 12‑6 diaphragm, 7‑8, 15-36 mode, 4‑11
adjustment, for connections, vii, 15‑43, diaphragm (ftn), 6‑20 period, structure, 6-26
A‑41 diaphragm construction, 7-9 Fuse structural, A‑15
adjustment, wood, 12‑6 diaphragm torsion, 7-9
amplification, seismic force, 6‑13, 6-22 diaphragm, column, 7‑9 G
component modification, 6-43 Flexural Gauge
conversion, A‑4 distortion, 7-10 resistivity, 2-7
design ductility, 5‑6 members, concrete, 9‑4 strain, 2‑7
design, seismic force-resisting systems, Floor Generation, earthquake, 1‑1

INDEX-H
A‑16 force, 4‑14 Geographic distribution of seismic risk, 3-1
diaphragm, 12-6 live load, 6‑22 Geometric irregularity, vertical, 6-18
ductility, 5‑4, 15‑2 seismic coefficient, 7-2 Geotechnical engineer, 15‑34
ductility risk reduction, 6‑4 Flow, shear, diaphragm, 7-9 Girder, 7‑8, 7‑9
end-grain, 12-6 Focal depth, 1‑1 -column joint restraint, 10‑4
importance, seismic, 6-8 Focus, 1-1 -column joint, steel, 10-4
load duration, 12-6 Force moment diagram (fig), 8-4
magnification, 4‑8 chord, 7-12 open-web, 14-4
mode shape, 4‑12 collector, 7-8 quadrangular, 14‑4
mode shapes (fig), 4-13 diaphragm, 7‑1, 7‑2 shear diagram (fig), 8-4
near source, 6-9 equivalent lateral, 4-1 transfer, 2-5
overstrength, 6‑13, 6-22 floor, 4‑14 Vierendeel, 14‑4
participation, 4‑14 seismic, 3‑7, 6‑40 web and flange (fig), 7‑10
reliability/redundancy, 6-15 seismic, amplification factor, 6‑13, 6-22 Global seismicity, 1-2
response modification, 6-12 story, 6‑33 Glomar Challenger, 1-2
scale (tbl), 5‑3 top, 6-41 Gorda Plate earthquake, A-9
seismic overstrength, 6-22 wall, 7‑1 Gouge, A‑1
strength reduction, 9‑3 Forced system, 4-8 fault, A-1
structure deflection ductility, 5-6 Forcing function, 4‑8 Governing load, 6-7
temperature, 12‑6 Formula (see also Equation), recurrence, 2-5 Graben, A‑1
toe-nail, 12‑6 Fort Sage Mountains earthquake, A-8 Grade, steel, 10‑2
undamped magnification (fig), 4-9 Fracture, A‑1 Graph, log tripartite, 5-3
wet service, 12‑6 zone, Mendocino, 1-5 Gravimeter, 2‑7
Failure Frame, 6‑13, A‑1 Great earthquake, 1‑4, 2-2
architectural (ftn), 5‑7 braced, 6‑13, 10‑5, A‑1 Ground
beam-hinge mode, 15-38 buckling-restrained braced, 10-2 acceleration, peak, iii, 2‑1, 2-4
column-hinge mode, 15-38 building, system, 6‑13 acceleration, vertical, 6-35
weak-beam mode, 15-38 concrete, 9‑2 motion, attenuation, iii, 2‑1, 2-6
weak-column mode, 15-38 deflection, cantilever method (fig), 8-2 motion, MCE, 3‑6
weak-story mode, 15‑38 deflection, portal method (fig), 8-1 -supported tank, 6‑49
Fascia, 15‑37 ductile moment-resisting, 15‑5, A-1
Fastener dowel-type, dimensions, vii, 15‑43, eccentric braced, 10‑6 H
A‑30 intermediate moment-resisting, 6-14 Harmonic
Fault, 1‑4, 1‑5, A-1 member sizing, 8‑4 motion, simple, 4-1
active, iii, 2‑1, 2-4 members, concrete, 9‑4 oscillator, simple, 4‑1

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Hazardous Sec. 2308.6.6.2, 12‑8 Kobe earthquake, 6‑2

facility, 6-8 Sec. 2308.7.6.1, 12‑7
facility (tbl), 6‑8 Sec. 2308.7.8, 12‑4 L
Hector Mine earthquake, A-9 Table 1613.3.3(1), 6‑9, 6‑23, 6‑25, 6‑27, L-wave, 1‑7
Hex lag screws, vii, 15‑43, A-31 6‑34, 6‑35, 15‑7, 15‑35 Lamé’s constant, 1-7
High-rise building, 5‑12, 15-3 Table 1613.3.3(1) (tbl), 6‑10 Landslide, 15‑34
Hinge, plastic, 15‑5, A-2 Table 1613.3.3(2), 6‑9, 6‑27, 15‑7, 15‑35 Lap splice, tension, 9-4
Holdown, A‑1, A‑22 Table 1613.3.3(2) (tbl), 6-10 Laser, 2‑7
Hook, seismic, 9‑3, A-2 Table 1613.3.5(1), 6‑11, 7‑13 Lateral
Hooke’s law, 1‑1, 4-2 Table 1613.3.5(1) (tbl), 6-12 design values, bolt, double shear con-
Hoop, 9‑3, 15‑9, A-1 Table 1613.3.5(2), 6‑11, 7‑13 nections, vii, 15‑43, A-38
Horizon soil, 6-9 Table 1613.3.5(2) (tbl), 6‑12 design values, bolt, single shear
Horizontal Table 2306.2(1), 6‑52, 7‑14, 7‑15, 12‑2, connections, vii, 15‑43, A‑36, A‑40
diaphragm, 7-1 12‑3 force procedure, 6‑28
element, 15‑35 Table 2306.2(1) (tbl), 12‑3 force procedure, simplified, 6-31
seismic load effect, 6-22 Table 2306.3(1), 12‑2 force-resisting system, A-2
structural irregularity, 6‑20 Table 2306.3(1) (tbl), 12‑4 force, equivalent, 4‑1
Hypocenter, 1‑1, A-1 Table 2308.6.1, 12-8 Law
locating, iii, 1‑1, 1‑7 ICC, 6‑3 Hooke’s, 1‑1, 4-2
Hysteresis Igneous rock, A‑1 Newton’s second, 3‑7
damping, 4‑7, 5-5 Imperial Valley earthquake, 6‑2, A-9 Ledger, 7‑11, 12‑6, 13-1
loop, 5‑5 Importance factor, seismic, 6-8 Left
Hysteretic damping, 5‑5 Impulse, 4‑9 -lateral fault, 1‑4
function, 4-8 -normal slip, A-2
I response, 4-9 slip, A‑2
IBC, 3‑1, 6‑3, 6‑4, 9‑1, 11‑1 unit, 4‑9 Length
Chap. 3, 6‑8 In-plane discontinuity, 6-18 active fault, iii, 2‑1, 2-4
Chap. 16, 6‑5, 11‑1, 12‑1 Increase, one-third, 6-52 bay, 10‑7
Chap. 17, 6-8 Inelastic fault slip, iii, 2‑1, 2-4
Chap. 18, 6‑5, 9-1 deformation (fig), 6‑37 story, 6‑18
Chap. 19, 6-5 design response spectra, 5-5 Life-safety criteria, 6-5
Chap. 21, 6‑5, 11-1 region, 5‑5 Limit
Chap. 22, 6‑5, 10-1 response displacement, 6‑36 drift, 5‑7, 15‑7
Chap. 23, 6‑5, 12‑1 response displacement, maximum, 5-8 upper, magnitude, 2-2
Eq. 16-37, 6‑9, 6‑45, 6‑46, 15-7 response spectra, 5‑5 Limitation, drift, 6‑37
Eq. 16-38, 6‑9, 15‑8 Inertia, polar moment of, 5-9 Linear natural frequency, 4-5
Eq. 16-39, 6‑9, 6‑26, 6‑45, 6‑46, 15-8 Inspection special, A-2 Link
Eq. 16-40, 6‑9, 6‑26, 15‑8 Integral, Duhamel’s, 4-10 beam, 10-6
Eq. 23-1, 7‑10 Intensity, 2‑1, A‑1 center, 10-6
Fig. 1613, 15‑35 scale, Mercalli, 2‑1 end, 10‑6
Fig. 1613.3.1(1), 6‑9, 15‑7, 15-35 Interaction, shear wall-frame, system, 6-14 Liquefaction, 3‑6, 15‑34, A-2
Fig. 1613.3.1(2), 6‑9, 15‑7, 15-35 Intermediate Lithosphere, 1‑2
Fig. 1613.3.1(6), 6‑9 earthquake, 1‑1 plate, 1‑2
Sec. 1604.10, 6-7 moment-resisting frame, 6-14 Live
Sec. 1605, 6‑22, 6-23 Internal viscous damping, 4-7 load, floor, 6-22
Sec. 1605 (tbl), 6‑24 International Building Code, 3‑1, 6‑3, 6-4 load, roof, 6‑22
Sec. 1605.1.3, 6‑23 International Code Council, 6‑3 Load and resistance design, 12-1
Sec. 1605.2, 6‑6, 6‑23, 10‑1, 10‑2, 11‑1, Interstory drift ratio, maximum, 14-3 Load (see also type)
12‑1 Interval recurrence, 5‑3 combination, 6-22
Sec. 1605.3, 6‑6, 6‑23, 10‑1, 11‑1, 12-1 Inverted pendulum building system, 6-15 combination, masonry, 11-1
Sec. 1605.3.1, 6‑23, 6‑52, 15‑36 Irregular building, 6‑17, 15-36 combinations, steel, 10-1
Sec. 1605.3.2, 6‑23, 6‑52, 10‑1, 10-2 Irregularity combined, 6‑6
Sec. 1613, 6‑5 diaphragm, 6-20 dead, 6‑22, 6-25
Sec. 1613.3, 6‑9 horizontal, 6-20 design, 6‑22
Sec. 1613.3.2, 6‑9, 6-11 mass, 6-18 duration factor, 12‑6
Sec. 1613.3.2, 6‑31 penalty, 6‑51 effect, horizontal seismic, 6-22
INDEX-L

Sec. 1613.3.3, 15‑7 plan (tbl), 6-21 effect, seismic, 6‑22

Sec. 1613.3.4, 6‑9, 6‑31, 15-8 reentrant corner, 6-20 equivalent static, A-1
Sec. 1613.3.5, 6‑11 torsional, 6-20 governing, 6‑7
Sec. 1704, 11‑1 vertical, 6‑17, 6‑18 resistance factor design, 6-5
Sec. 1705.4, 11‑1 vertical geometric, 6-18 roof, 6‑6
Sec. 1905.1.3, 9‑2 weight, 6‑18 snow, 6‑6, 6‑22
Sec. 2101, 11‑1 Isolation vertical, earthquake, 6-22
Sec. 2105, 11‑1 base, 14-1 wind, 6‑6, 6‑22
Sec. 2106, 6‑5, 11‑1 bearing, 14‑1 Loading, wind, 6‑6
Sec. 2107, 11‑1 seismic, 14-2 Log
Sec. 2108, 11‑1 Isoseismal, A‑1 tripartite graph, 5-3
Sec. 2109, 11‑1 map (fig), 2‑2 tripartite plot (fig), 5‑3
Sec. 2205, 6‑5, 10‑1, A-15 Logarithmic decrement, 4‑7
Sec. 2205.2, 10‑1 J Loma
Sec. 2206, 6‑5 Jacket, steel, 14-5 Prieta earthquake, 2‑8, 3‑1, 4‑9, 6‑2,
Sec. 2211, 10‑7 Joint 6‑8, A‑9
Sec. 2304, 12‑1 column, 9‑5, 9‑6 Prieta earthquake (ftn), 2‑6
Sec. 2305, 6‑5, 12-1 girder-column, steel, 10-4 Long-period transition period, 6-26
Sec. 2305.1, 12‑2 shear, A‑2 Long Beach earthquake, 6‑1, A-8
Sec. 2306, 12‑1 Joist, 7‑8, 12‑6 Longitudinal wave, 1‑7
Sec. 2306.1, 12‑5 Joist (ftn), 127 Loop, hysteresis, 5-5
Sec. 2306.3, 12‑1, 12-2 Love wave, 1‑7
Sec. 2307, 12‑1 K LRFD (see also Load and resistance factor
Sec. 2308, 12‑1 K-bracing, 10‑5 design), 6‑5
Sec. 2308.6.6, 12‑8 Kern County earthquake, A-8 Lumped mass, 4‑2

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 INDEX I-7

M frame, special, 10-2 Normalized response spectra (fig), 5-7

Magnetite, 1-2 frame, truss, special, 10-3 Northridge earthquake, vii, 6‑51, 15‑43, A‑9,
Magnetometer, 2-7 of inertia, polar, 5‑9 A‑11
Magnification factor, 4-8 overturning, 5‑8, 5‑11, 6‑40, 7-12
Magnitude, 2‑1 overturning (fig), 5-12 O
Richter, 2-2 primary, 5‑8 Oblique
upper limit, 2‑2 -resisting frame, intermediate, 6‑14 earthquake, 6-36
Major fault, 15-34 -resisting frame, ordinary, 6‑14 fault, 1‑4
Map, isoseismal, 2‑2 -resisting frame, 6‑14, 15‑5, A‑2 slip, A‑2
Mapped spectral acceleration, 6-9 -resisting frame system (fig), 6‑14 Observation structural, A-2
Masonry -resisting frame, special, 10‑2, 6‑14, Observed rigidity, 4-3
allowable shear stress, 11-3 10‑1 Occupancy category, 6-8
construction, 11-1 restoring, 5-8 Occurrence
construction details, 11-1 secondary, 5‑8 frequency, iii, 2‑1, 2-5
frame (fig), 11-2 Motion probability, iii, 2‑1, 2‑5
load combination, 11-1 attenuation, iii, 2‑1, 2-6 Offset, out-of-plane, 6-20
wall, anchorage to, 9‑2 critically damped (fig), 4-7 One
Mass MCE ground, 3-6 -second, mapped spectral acceleration,
center of, 5‑9, 6-36 overdamped (fig), 4-7 6‑9
damper, active, 14-3 simple harmonic, iii, 4-1 -third increase, 6-52
irregularity, 6-18 underdamped (fig), 4‑7 Open-web girder, 14-4
lumped, 4‑2 Mountain, San Gabriel, 1-5 Opening
Maximum Multiple degree of freedom, 4‑11 diaphragm, 12-7
considered earthquake, 3‑6 stacked, 7‑2
considered earthquake ground motion
N Operating weight, 6-42
response, risk-targeted, 3‑6 Nail, A‑35 Ordinary
credible earthquake, 6-4 box, dimensions, A-35 concentrically braced frame, 10-2
earthquake, 14‑2 common, dimensions, A‑35 moment frame, 10‑2
inelastic response displacement, 5-8 reference lateral design values, A‑33 moment-resisting frame, 6-14
interstory drift ratio, 14‑3 sinker steel wire, A‑35 Oriented strand board, 12-2
probable earthquake, 3-6 withdrawal design values, vii, 15‑43, Orthogonal effect, concrete, 9-2
total drift, 6‑36, 6‑37 A‑34 OSB, 12‑2
MCE ground motion, 3-6 Nailer, 12-6 Oscillator, 4‑1
MDOF Nailing simple harmonic, 4-1
system (fig), 4‑11 edge, A-1 simple harmonic (fig), 4-2
system (see also Multiple degree of field, A‑1 with damping (fig), 4‑6
freedom), 4‑11 Napa earthquake, A-9 OTM (see also Overturning moment), 5-11
Mechanical connection, 9-4 National Out-of-plane offset, 6‑20
Member Design Specification, 12‑1, 12-5 Overdamped
sizing, frame, 8-4 Earthquake Hazards Reduction motion (fig), 4-7
strength, 10‑2 Program, 6-3 system, 4‑7
Mendocino fracture zone, 1-5 Natural Overstrength, 6‑13
Mercalli frequency, 4-5 factor, 6‑13, 6‑22, 6-25
intensity and peak ground acceleration period, 3‑6, 4‑5, 15‑3 Overturning
(tbl), 2‑5 Nature of earthquake, 1-1 moment, 5‑8, 5‑11, 6‑40, 7-12
intensity scale, 2-1 NDS, 12‑5 moment, base (fig), 6‑41
Method (see also National Design Specifica- moment, base (fig), 6‑41
A, 6‑20 tion), 12‑1
allowable stress, 6-52 Chap. 12, 12‑5
Sec. 12.5.2, 12‑5 P
B, 6‑21
cantilever, 8-2 Sec. 12.5.4, 12‑5 P
CQC, 4‑12 Table 11.3.1, vii, 12‑6, 15‑43, A-41 -delta effect (fig), 5‑8
portal, 8‑1, 15-4 Table 11N, A‑33 -delta effect, 5‑8, 6‑41, 15‑3
Rayleigh, 4‑13, 6‑21, 15-4 Table 12.2.C, vii, 12‑5, 15‑43, A-34 P
Spurr, 8‑4 Table 12A, vii, 12‑5, 15‑43, A-36 -wave, 1‑7
SRSS, 4‑12 Table 12E, vii, 12‑5, 15‑43, A‑40 Table -wave (fig), 2-3

INDEX-P
Stodola, 4‑13 12F, vii, 12‑5, 15‑43, A-38 Paleoclimatology, 1-2
Mexico City earthquake, 3‑1, 4-9 Table 12P, 12‑5 Paleomagnetism, 1-2
Microearthquake, 2‑2 Table L1, vii, 15‑43, A‑30 Table L2, vii, Panel
Microzone, 3-1 15‑43, A-31 cladding, exterior, 6-43
Microzonification, 3‑1 Table L3, A‑32 zone, 10‑2, A‑2
Mid-ocean ridge (see also Submarine), 1-2 Table L4, A-35 zone (fig), 10-2
MM scale, 2‑1 Near source factor, 6‑9 Parapet, 7‑3, A-2
MMI, 2‑1 Negative torsional shear stress, 5‑11, 15-4 Parkfield
MNH system, A-14 NEHRP, 6‑4 earthquake, 6‑2, A‑8
Mode, 4‑11 (see also National Earthquake Hazards -San Bernardino earthquake, A-9
first, 4-11 Reduction Program), 6‑3 Part force on, 6‑42
fundamental, 4-11 Newton’s second law, 3-7 Participation factor, 4-14
shape, 4‑11, 4‑12, 4‑13 Niigata Pass, Tejon, 1‑5
shape factor, 4‑12 earthquake, 6‑5 Passive
shape factors (fig), 4-13 earthquake (ftn), 3‑6 chord, 7-11
Moderate earthquake, 2-2 Nominal connector strength, 12‑6 damper, 14‑3
Modification factor, response, 6‑12 Nonbuilding Peak
Modified Mercalli intensity scale (tbl), 2-1 structure, 6-47 ground acceleration, iii, 2‑1, 2‑4, 3-6
Modulus structure, rigid, 6‑49 ground acceleration (tbl), 2‑4
of resilience, 5-5 Nonparallel system, 6-20 effective (ftn), 3‑6
of rupture, 5‑5 Nonstructural component, 6-42 velocity, effective (ftn), 3‑6
of toughness, 5-5 Normal Pedestal, concrete, 6‑49
Moment fault, A-2 Penalty, structural irregularity, 6‑51
connections, steel prequalified, A-15 slip, A‑2 Pendulum, inverted, 6-15
frame, ordinary, 10‑2 stress, diaphragm, 7-12 Penetration, standard, 6-9

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Period method, 4‑13, 6‑21, 15-4 microzone, 3‑1

acceleration, 6-26 wave, 1‑7 reduction factor, ductility, 6‑4
bridge, 6-4 RBS connection, A‑15 -targeted maximum considered earth-
building, 3‑6, 6-20 Rebound theory, elastic, 1-1 quake ground motion response
damped, 4‑8 Rectangular tube (fig), 10-6 acceleration, 3‑6
fundamental, structure, 6-26 Recurrence zone, 3-1
long period transition, 6-26 formula, 2-5 Rock, igneous, A‑1
natural, 3‑6, 4‑5, 15‑3 interval, 5‑3 Roof
site, 3-6 Reduced beam section moment connection, live load, 6-22
soil, 3‑6 A‑15 load, 6‑6
velocity response, 6-26 Reduction factor, strength, 9-3 Rupture, modulus of, 5‑5
PGA, 2‑4 Redundancy, 6‑15, 15‑3
Phase strong, 2-6 factor, 6‑15 S
Pier, 4‑4, 7‑4 Redundancy (tbl), 6‑16 S
cantilever, 4-4 Reentrant corner irregularity, 6-20 -wave, 1‑7
cantilever, rigidity, A-6 Region, inelastic, 5‑5 -wave (fig), 2‑3
fixed, 4‑4 Regular building, 6-17 Sag
fixed, rigidity, A-5 Reinforcement fault, A-1
wall, 13‑2 bottom, 9-4 pond, A-2
Pier (fig), 4-4 cover, 9-6 Salton Sea, 1‑5
Pilaster, 7-11 steel, 9-4 San
Plan irregularity (tbl), 6-21 top, 9‑4 Andreas fault, 1‑5
Plastic Relative rigidity, 4‑4, 7‑4, 15-2 Fernando earthquake, 6‑2, A-8
hinge, 15‑5, A‑2 Release, energy, iii, 2‑1, 2-3 Francisco earthquake, A-8
hinge behavior (fig), 10-4 Reliability/redundancy factor, 6-15 Gabriel Mountains, 1‑5
Plate, 1‑2 Reserve energy, A‑2 Simeon earthquake, A‑9
continuity, 10‑3 Resilience, modulus of, 5-5 Santa Barbara earthquake, 6‑1, A-8
doubler, 10‑3, 15‑10, A-1 Resistivity gauge, 2-7 Scale
sill, A‑2 Resonance, 3‑6, 4‑9, 5‑1, A-2 factor (tbl), 5-3
tectonics, 1‑2 Response intensity, 2-1
Polar moment of inertia, 5-9 coefficient, 5‑6 MM, 2‑1
Pond sag, A‑2 coefficient, seismic, 6‑9, 6-26 Scaling factor, 6-51
Pore pressure, 3-6 displacement, maximum inelastic, 6-36 Scarp fault, A-1
Portal elastic, 5‑1 Scintillation counter, 2-7
method, 8‑1, 15‑4 MDOF system, 4-11 Screw
method frame deflection (fig), 8-1 modification factor, 6‑12 hex lag, vii, 15‑43, A-31
Pounding, 15‑36 modification factor, component, 6-43 wood, A‑32
Prediction, earthquake, 2-7 spectra, 5‑1 SDOF system, 3‑7, 4-2
Premonitory sign, 2‑7 spectra, design, 5‑2, 5-5 SDPWS Sec. 4.3.4, 15‑37
Prequalified connections, steel, A-15 spectra, elastic, 5-1 Sea
Pressure, pore, 3‑6 spectra, inelastic, 5-5 Salton, 1-5
Primary spectrum, 15-4 Salton, wave, 1‑4
moment, 5-8 spectrum (fig), 6‑11 Seafloor spreading, 1-2
stress, 15-34 spectrum of spectral acceleration, 5-1 SEAOC
wave, 1‑7 to impulse, 4‑9 (see also Blue Book), 6-4
Principle of dynamic equilibrium, 4-12 Restoring moment, 5‑8 Blue Book, A‑15
Probability occurrence, iii, 2‑1, 2-5 Restraint joint, girder-column, 10-4 Blue Book: Seismic Design Recommen-
Probable earthquake, maximum, 3-6 Retaining wall, 6‑42 dations, 6‑3
Procedure Retrofitting, 14-5 Secondary
dynamic analysis, 6-51 Reversal deformation, 5-5 effect, 5-8
equivalent lateral force, 6‑7, 6‑28 Reverse fault, 1‑4, A-2 moment, 5-8
lateral force, 6‑28 Richter stress, 15-34
lateral force, simplified, 6-31 magnitude, 2-2 wave, 1‑7
seismic design (tbl), 6-7 magnitude correction nomograph (fig), Section
simplified lateral force, 6-31 2‑3 angle (fig), 10-5
static lateral force, 6‑7, 6‑28 Ridge circular (fig), 10‑6
Profile, soil, 5‑6, 6-8 mid-ocean, 1-2 Segment, special, 10-3
Properties, steel, 10-2 submarine, 1‑2, 1‑3 Seismic
Protected zone, 10-4 Right acronyms and abbreviations, A-3
Pseudo acceleration, spectral, 3-7 -lateral fault, 1‑5 building codes, 6‑1
Pure tube building, 5-12 -normal slip, A-2 coefficient, floor, 7-2
Purlin, 7‑8, 12‑6 slip, A‑2 design category, 6-11
Purlin (ftn), 12-7 Rigid design procedure, 6-7
force, 3‑7, 6‑40
Q diaphragm, 5‑9, 7‑3 force amplification factor, 6‑13, 6-22
Quadrangular diaphragm action (fig), 7-3 force-resisting systems, A‑16
girder, 14-4 frame, 5‑12, A‑2 hook, 9‑3, A-2
INDEX-S

girder (fig), 14‑4 frame building, 5-12 importance factor, 6-8

Quadratic combination, 4‑12 nonbuilding structure, 6‑49 isolation, 14‑2
Rigidity, 7‑4, 15-2 load combinations, special, 6-23
R absolute, 4-3 load effect, 6‑22
Radiation damping, 4-7 cantilever piers, A-6 overstrength factor, 6-22
Radon, 2‑7 center of, 5-9 Provisions for Structural Steel Build-
Ratio observed, 4‑3 ings (see also AISC 341), 10-1
damping, 4‑7, 15‑4, 15‑5, 15-38 of fixed piers, A-5 response coefficient, 6‑9, 6-26
damping (tbl), 4‑8 relative, 4‑4, 7‑4, 15-2 response coefficient, high-risk (fig), 6‑26
damping, building, 4-8 tabulated, 4‑3 response coefficient, minimum (fig),
story drift, 5-7 Riley Act, 6‑1, A-8 6‑26
strength, 10‑3 Ring of fire, 1-2 sea wave, 1‑4
width-thickness, 10-5 Risk system overstrength factor, 6-13
Rayleigh category, 6-8 tie (fig), 12‑3

P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
 INDEX I-9

wave, 1‑1, 1-7 Sloshing, 6‑49 connections, prequalified, A-15

wave, type, 1‑7 Slotted web connection, A-15 construction, v, 10‑1
weight, effective, 6-26 SMRF, A‑11 frame, 10‑1
zone (fig), 3‑2 Snow load, 6‑6, 6-22 frame, special moment, 10-2
Seismicity, global, 1-2 Soft jacket, 14‑5
Seismogram, 2-6 story, 6‑18, 15-35 moment frame connections, vii, 15‑43,
Seismograph, 2-6 story, extreme, 6‑18 A‑11
Seismometer, 2‑6 Soil properties, 10-2
amplitude trace (fig), 2‑3 liquefaction, 3-6 reinforcement, 9-4
Separation period, 3-6 stud wall system, 10‑7
building, 6‑39 profile, 5‑6, 6‑8 wire nails, sinker, dimensions, A-35
building (fig), 6‑39 shear strength, 3-6 Step function, 4‑8
Service level stress design, 6-6 type, 6‑8 Stiffness, 4‑2, 15-2
Setback, 15‑38 South Napa earthquake, A-10 Stirrup tie, A‑2
Settlement, 15-34 Space shear, soil, 3‑6
SH-wave, 2-5 crawl, 12-8 shear, undrained, 6-9
Shaking frame, A‑2 Stodola method, 4-13
duration, 2-7 Span, diaphragm, 7-10 Story
strong-phase, 2‑4 Special drift, 4‑14, 5‑7, 6-36
Shallow earthquake, 1-4 concrete, 9‑1, 15-8 drift (fig), 5‑8
Shape, mode, 4‑11, 4‑12, 4-13 ductile frame, A-2 drift ratio, 5-7
Shear, 6‑9 inspection, A-2 extreme soft, 6-18
base, 3‑7, 4‑10, 6‑7 moment frame, 10‑1 force, 6‑33
code wall requirements (fig), 9-3 moment frame, steel, 10‑2 length, 6-18
distortion, 7‑10 moment-resisting frame, 6‑14, 10‑1, shear, 4‑14, 6‑33
drift, 5‑7 A‑11 shear, vertical distribution (fig), 6‑33
flow, diaphragm, 7-9 segment, 10‑3 soft, 6‑18, 15‑35
joint, A‑2 seismic load combinations, 6-23 weak, 6‑18, 15-35
negative torsional, 5‑11, 15-4 shear wall, A‑2 Strain
story, 4‑14, 6‑33 truss moment frame, 10-3 energy, 1‑4, 5-5
strength, soil, 3-6 truss moment frame (fig), 10‑4 energy (fig), 5-5
strength, undrained, 6‑9 Spectra gauge, 2‑7
stress, allowable, masonry, 11-3 design response, 5-2 Strap vertical web, A-14
torsional, 5‑9, 15‑3 elastic response, 5-1 Strength
torsional (fig), 5-11 inelastic response, 5-5 allowable connector, 12-6
wall, 6‑13, A‑2 response, 5‑1 concrete, 9‑3
wall-frame interaction system, 6-14 Spectral design, 6‑6, 11-1
wall-frame interaction system (fig), 6‑14 acceleration, 3-7 member, 10‑2
wall, number of bays, 6-15 acceleration, mapped, 6‑9 nominal connector, 12-6
wall, special, A‑2 acceleration, response spectrum, 5-1 ratio, 10‑3
wall, wood structural panel, 12-2 characteristics, 3‑7 reduction factor, 9‑3
wave, 1‑7 displacement, 3-7 shear, soil, 3‑6
Sheathing, 7‑8 velocity, 3‑7 shear, undrained, 6‑9
wood structural panel diaphragm (fig), Spectrum Stress
12‑2 design response (fig), 5‑6 allowable, 6-52
Short period, mapped spectral acceleration, of spectral acceleration, response, 5-1 effective, 3‑6
6‑9 response, 15‑4 negative torsional shear, 5-11
SidePlate, 10‑1, 10‑2 Spike withdrawal design values, vii, 15‑43, normal, diaphragm, 7-12
connection technology, 10-2 A‑34 primary, 15‑34
moment connections, A‑15 Splice secondary, 15-34
Sign, premonitory, 2-7 tension lap, 9-4 torsional shear, 5‑9, 15-4
Sign (fig), 6-48 welded, 9‑4 wall, shear, 7‑2
Sill, 12‑6 Spreading, seafloor, 1-2 Strike, A‑2
plate, A-2 Spring constant, 4-2 -slip, A‑2
Silo (fig), 6‑48 Spurr method, 8‑4 -slip fault, 1‑4, A-2
Simple Square root of the sum of the squares, 4-12 Strong
harmonic motion, iii, 4-1 SRSS method, 4‑12 phase, 2‑6
harmonic oscillator, 4‑1 SSDA slotted web connection, A-15 -phase shaking, 2-4
Simplified lateral force procedure, 6-31 Stability Structural
Single coefficient, 5‑9, 6-41 configuration (fig), 6-18
degree of freedom, 4‑2 coefficient variables (fig), 6‑41 connectors, tension ties, A-22
-degree-of-freedom system, 3-7 Stacked fuse, A‑15
Sinker steel wire nails, dimensions, A-35 openings, 7-2 irregularity, 6-17
Site openings (fig), 7‑3 irregularity, penalty, 6-51
characteristics, 3-1 Standard observation, A‑2
coefficient, 6-9 penetration, 6-9 panel, wood, 12-1
period, 3‑6 welding symbols, A‑21 regularity, 6-17
INDEX-S

Size, chord, 7‑12 Staple system, 6‑13, 15‑35

Sizing, frame member, 8-4 distortion, 7-10 Structure
Slip, 1‑2, 1‑4, 2‑2, A‑2 slip, 7‑11 deflection ductility factor, 5-6
chord-splice, 7-10 Stapling miscellaneous, 6-8
dip, A‑1 edge, 12-3 nonbuilding, 6-47
left, A‑2 field, 12‑3 nonbuilding, rigid, 6‑49
left-normal, A-2 Static Strut, 7‑8
length, iii, 2‑1, 2-4 analysis, 4-1 drag, 7‑8
normal, A-2 deflection, 4‑2, 4-9 Stud, steel, wall system, 10-7
oblique, A‑2 force, equivalent, 6‑2 Sub-purlin, 7-8
right, A‑2 lateral force procedure, 6‑28, 6-31 Subdiaphragm, 7‑11, 12‑4
right-normal, A-2 Steel limiting strut length (fig), 12-5
staple, 7‑11 allowable grades, 10-2 Subdiaphragm (fig), 12-5
strike-, A-2 column, 10‑2 Subduction, 1‑3

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 I-10 C A L I F O R N I A C I V I L S E I S M I C B U I L D I N G D E S I G N

zone (fig), 1-3 accidental, 6‑36 Viscous

Submarine flexible diaphragm, 7-9 damping, external, 4-7
ridge, 1-3 Torsional damping, internal, 4‑7
trench, 1‑2, 1‑3 irregularity, 6‑20, 15-3
Subsidence, 15‑34 irregularity, negative, 15-4 W
Sum-of-the-squares method, 4-12 shear, 15‑3 Wall
Supplementary crosstie, A-2 shear (fig), 5-11 cripple, 12‑8
Surface wave, 1‑7 Total -diaphragm connection, 12-6
Survivability design criteria, 6-4 drift, 5‑7 force, 7‑1
SV-wave, 2‑5 drift (fig), 5‑7 parallel, overturning forces (fig), 7-12
Swing ductility, 5-5 seismic dead load, 6-25 parallel, resisting forces (fig), 7-13
Sylmar earthquake, A‑8 Toughness pier, 13‑2
Symbol standard welding, A‑21 modulus of, 5-5 retaining, 6-42
System test, Charpy, 10‑2 rigidity, 7-4
active, 14‑3 Tower (fig), 6‑48 shear, 6‑13, A-2
bearing wall, 6‑13, 15‑5, A-1 Transcurrent fault, A-2 shear stress, 7-2
bearing wall (fig), 6‑13 Transfer, girder, 2‑5 special shear, A‑2
box, 15‑5 Transition period, long-period, 6-26 system, steel stud, 10-7
building frame, 6‑13 Transverse transverse, 7‑3
building frame (fig), 6‑14 wall, 7-3 weak, 7‑3
cantilevered column building, 6‑15 wave, 1‑7 with openings (fig), 7-4
cantilevered column building (fig), 6-15 Trench, submarine, 1‑2, 1‑3 Warehouse loading, 15-7
critically damped, 4‑7 Tripartite graph, log, 5-3 Wave
damping, 14-3 Truss, 14‑4 compression, 1-7
dual, 6‑14 moment frame, special, 10-3 L, 1‑7
dual (fig), 6‑14 Vierendeel (fig), 10‑4 Longitudinal, 1‑7
energy dissipation, 14-1 Tsunami, 1-4 love, 1-7
forced, 4‑8 Tube P-, 1‑7
interaction, shear wall-frame, 6-14 building, 2‑5, 5-12 P- (fig), 2-3
inverted pendulum building, 6-15 framed, 5-12 primary, 1-7
lateral force-resisting, A‑2 rectangular (fig), 10‑6 Rayleigh, 1-7
MDOF, 4-11 Tuned S-, 1‑7
MDOF (fig), 4‑11 damper, 14‑3 S- (fig), 2-3
moment-resisting frame, 6-14 mass damper, 14-3 sea, 1-4
nonparallel, 6-20 Type secondary, 1‑7
overdamped, 4‑7 A EBF, 10‑6 seismic, 1‑1, 1-7
SDOF, 3‑7, 4‑2 I connection, 10-1 SH-, 2‑5
shear wall-frame (fig), 6-14 II connection (ftn), 10-1 shear, 1‑7
structural, 6‑13, 15-35 of fault (fig), 1‑5 shear, velocity, 6-9
undefined structural, 6-15 of seismic wave, 1-7 surface, 1‑7
underdamped, 4‑7 soil, 6‑8 SV-, 2‑5
tidal, 1-4
T U transverse, 1-7
Tabulated rigidity, 4-3 UBC, 6‑3 velocity, 6‑9
Tank, 6‑49, 15‑37 Sec. 2710(g)1B, A‑11 Weak
uplift, 6-49 Ultimate strength design, 6‑6 -beam mode, failure, 15‑38
Tectonic, A‑2 Undamped magnification factor (fig), 4-9 -column mode, failure, 15-38
creep, A-2 Undefined structural system, 6-15 story, 6‑18, 15‑35
Tectonics, plate, 1-2 Underdamped -story mode, failure, 15-38
Tejon Pass, 1-5 motion (fig), 4-7 wall, 7‑3
Temperature factor, 12-6 system, 4‑7 Web straps, vertical, A-14
Tension Undrained shear strength, 6-9 Weight
cross-grain, 12-7 Uniform Building Code, 6-3 building, 6‑26
lap splice, 9‑4 Unit, impulse, 4‑9 effective seismic, 6‑25, 6-26
ties, structural connectors, A-22 Uplift, 6‑40 irregularity, 6-18
Terminology earthquake (fig), 1-1 tank, 6‑49 operating, 6‑42
Theory (see also Hypothesis) elastic Upper limit, magnitude, 2‑2 Welded
rebound, A-1 connection, 10-3
Thrust fault, 1-4 V connections, A-11
Tidal wave, 1-4 V-bracing, 10-5 splice, 9‑4
Tie, 6‑47, 7‑8, A‑22 Velocity Welding symbols, standard, A‑21
closed, 15-9 effective peak (ftn), 3-6 Wet
concrete, 9-2 response period, 6-26 connection, 9-2
continuity, 12‑3 shear wave, 6-9 service factor, 12‑6
installation (fig), 12-6 spectral, 3‑7 Whittier earthquake, A-9
ledger and joist, 12-7 Vertical Width-thickness ratio, 10-5
stirrup, A‑2 acceleration, iii, 2‑1, 2-5 Wind load, 6‑6, 6-22
tension, structural connectors, A-22 earthquake load, 6-22 Withdrawal
Tierod, 15‑40 element, 15‑35 design values, nail, vii, 15‑43, A-34
Tilt geometric irregularity, 6-18 design values, spike, vii, 15‑43, A‑34
-up building, 13‑1 ground acceleration, 6-35 Wood
-up construction, 13‑1 irregularity, 6-17 construction, v, 12-1
-up construction connections (fig), 13-1 irregularity (fig), 6‑19 screws, A‑32
Tiltmeter, 2‑7 load-carrying frame, 6-13 structural panel, 12‑1
Title, 6‑4 structural irregularity, 6-18 structural panel, DOC PS 1, 12-2
TMS 402, 11‑1 web straps, A‑14 structural panel, DOC PS 2, 12-2
Toe Vierendeel structural panel, shear, 12‑2
-nail factor, 12‑6 girder, 14-4 Wrench fault, 1‑4, A‑2
INDEX-X

-nailing, 12‑4, 12-6 girder (fig), 14-4

Top force, 6‑41 truss (fig), 10‑4 X
Torsion, 6‑36 Visco-elastic damper, 14-3 X-bracing, 5‑8, 10‑3, 10‑5

P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
 INDEX I-11

Y
Yountville earthquake, A‑9
Z
Zone
Mendocino fracture, 1-5
of subduction (fig), 1-3
panel, A‑2
protected, 10‑4

INDEX-Z

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