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5 Precast PDF
5 Precast PDF
5 Precast PDF
those buildings, where the majority of structural components are standardized and
produced in plants in a location away from the building, and then transported to the site
for assembly. These components are manufactured by industrial methods based on mass
production in order to build a large number of buildings in a short time at low cost.
Structural Engineering & Geospatial Consultants
The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment, usually automated, in the
Plant casting allows increased efficiency, high quality control and greater control
on finishes..
process to enable interaction between design phase and production planning in order to
categories:
Large-panel systems
Frame systems
Mixed systems
Structural Engineering & Geospatial Consultants
large wall and floor concrete panels connected in the vertical and horizontal directions so
that the wall panels enclose appropriate spaces for the rooms within a building. These
panels form a box-like structure. Both vertical and horizontal panels resist gravity load.
Wall panels are usually one story high. Horizontal floor and roof panels span either as
one-way or two-way slabs. When properly joined together, these horizontal elements
Depending on wall layout , there are three basic configurations of large-panel buildings:
Cross-wall systems
Two-way systems
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1. 1. 2 FRAME SYSTEMS
Precast frames can be constructed using either linear elements or spatial beam-
the connecting faces between the sub-assemblages can be placed away from the critical
frame regions; however, linear elements are generally preferred because of the
difficulties associated with forming, handling, and erecting spatial elements. The use of
linear elements generally means placing the connecting faces at the beam-column
junctions. The beams can be seated on corbels at the columns, for ease of construction
and to aid the shear transfer from the beam to the column. The beam-column joints
accomplished in this way are hinged. However, rigid beam-column connections are used in
some cases, when the continuity of longitudinal reinforcement through the beam-column
joint needs to be ensured. The components of a precast reinforced concrete frame are
shown in Figure
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These systems rely on shear walls to sustain lateral load effects, whereas the
slab-column
structure resists mainly gravity loads. There are two main systems in this category:
reinforced concrete columns and slabs,. Precast columns are usually two stories high. All
concrete slabs are poured on the ground in forms, one on top of the other. Precast
concrete floor slabs are lifted from the ground up to the final height by lifting cranes.
The slab panels are lifted to the top of the column and then moved downwards to the
final position. Temporary supports are used to keep the slabs in the position until the
A lift-slab building
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orthogonal directions to achieve continuity. The precast concrete column elements are 1
to 3 stories high. The reinforced concrete floor slabs fit the clear span between
columns. After erecting the slabs and columns of a story, the columns and floor slabs are
prestressed by means of prestressing tendons that pass through ducts in the columns at
the floor level and along the gaps left between adjacent slabs. After prestressing, the
gaps between the slabs are filled with in situ concrete and the tendons then become
bonded with the spans. Seismic loads are resisted mainly by the shear walls (precast or
2.
Precast concrete Stairs Uniquely shaped structural elements for a sports stadium
Structural Engineering & Geospatial Consultants
In design of precast members and connections, all loading and restraint conditions from
casting to end use of the structure should be considered. The stresses developed in precast
elements during the period from casting to final connection may be more critical than the service
load stresses. Special attention should be given to the methods of stripping, storing,
transporting, and erecting precast elements.
When precast members are incorporated into a structural system, the forces and
deformations occurring in and adjacent to connections (in adjoining members and in the entire
structure) should be considered. The structural behavior of precast elements may differ
substantially from that of similar members that are monolithically cast in place. Design of
connections to transmit forces due to shrinkage, creep, temperature change, elastic
deformation, wind forces, and earthquake forces require special attention. Details of such
connections are especially important to insure adequate performance of precast structures.
Precast members and connections should be designed to meet tolerance requirements. The
behavior of precast members and connections is sensitive to tolerances. Design should provide
for the effects of adverse ccombinations of fabrication and erection tolerances. Tolerance
requirements should be listed on contract documents, and may be specified by reference to
accepted standards. Tolerances that deviate from accepted standards should be so indicated.
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The contract documents should show the loads to be considered in design of the precast
concrete elements of the structure, and they should indicate any special requirements or
functions (for example: seismic loads, allowance for movements, etc.) that should be considered
in design assigned to the contractor. In this case, the shop drawings should include complete
details of the connections involved.
Precast concrete structure consisting of solid wall panels and hollow core slabs.
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A single story warehouse consisting of double tees supported by insulated sandwich wall panels.
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It is noticed that large panel construction performs better than frame system.
However, in areas of high seismic risk, structures must be designed to respond safely to
the dynamic forces imparted into the structure. Innovations in joint design are improving the
connection systems in precast concrete structures and making them increasingly suitable for use in such
areas.
Information, pictures, photographs etc of the paper have been taken from
www.bca.gov.sg/publications/BuildabilitySeries/others/bsl_cp3.pdf
www.cpci.ca
Precast industrial buildings detailing manual by National Precast Concrete Association Australia
www.world-housing.net/uploads/precast__concrete.pdf
Precast construction by Svetlana Brzev, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Canada ,Teresa Guevara-Perez,
Architect, Venezuela