BBA Syllabus 2012 18batches

Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai – 4
Department of Business Administration

Curriculum for B.B.A. program – 2012 Batch onwards
Subject Organisation & Management Fundamentals

Subject Code UBAAM01
Major/Allied/Elective Major Paper
Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Business: Characteristics – Distinction between Business, Profession and Employment –
Scope – Classification of Industries – Meaning & Importance of Commerce – Trade & Aids
to trade.
Setting up a business: Establishing a business – Motives – Problems – Requisites for
success in business – Reasons for business failures.
Business Organisation: Meaning – Objectives – Forms.
Unit II
Sole Proprietorship: Features – Legal Position – Merits – Demerits – Suitability.
Partnership: Features – Sole Proprietorship Vs Partnership – Partnership Vs Co-ownership
– Merits & Limitations – Kinds of Partners and Partnership.
Limited Liability Partnership: Features – LLP Vs Partnership – LLP Vs Company.
Unit III
Joint Stock Company: Features – Classification of Companies – Public Vs Private
companies – Classification of Shares – Share Capital & Share – Share Certificate –
Debentures – Shares Vs Debentures – Merits and Limitations of company form of
organisation.
Unit IV
Trade Association: Objectives – Functions - Advantages – Disadvantages – Trade
Associations in India.
Chamber of Commerce: Need – Kinds – Functions – Advantages & Disadvantages –
Chambers of Commerce in India – Trade Association Vs Chamber of Commerce.
Unit V
Management: Nature & Significance – Management process – Management &
Administration – Levels of management – Management as Art, Science and Profession –
Managerial Skills.
Unit VI
Pioneers of Management Thought: Taylor’s Scientific Management – Fayol’s Administrative
Management.
End
Semester Total To Marks per Total
Theory Problems
Q.P. Questions answer Question Marks
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
Text & Reference Books:
1. Elements of Organisation & Commerce, Yogendra Prasad Verma , S.Chand

2. Business Organisation & Management, C.B.Gupta, Sultan Chand
3. Business Organisation & Management, Dinkar Pagare, Sultan Chand
4. Business Organisation & Management, P.C.Tulsian & Vishal Pandey, Pearson
5. Business Organisation & Management, Y K Bhushan, Sultan Chand
Subject Managerial Economics

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Managerial Economics: Wealth, Welfare, Scarcity and Growth definitions of Economics –
Relationship between Micro and Macro Economics - Nature & Scope of Managerial
Economics – Application of economics principles to managerial decision making – Role &
Responsibilities of Managerial Economist.
Unit II
Utility Analysis: Concept of Utility – Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility – Law of Equi-
Marginal Utility – Consumer Surplus.
Indifference Curve Analysis: Indifference Schedule – Indifference Curves & Map
(Illustrations) – Characteristics of Indifference Curves - Marginal Rate of Substitution –
Budget Line – Changes in Budget Line - Consumer Equilibrium.
Unit III
Demand Analysis: Demand Schedule and Demand Curve – Determinants of Demand – Law
of Demand - Changes in Demand – Elasticity of Demand
Demand Forecasting: Need – Types – Steps in Demand Forecasting – Elements – Various
methods of Demand forecasting.
Unit IV
Production & Supply Analysis: Factors of Production – Production Function – Law of
Variable proportion – Returns to Scale and Economies of Scale - Law of Supply – Elasticity
of Supply
Cost Analysis: Classification of Costs – Cost-output relationships in short run and long run
– Breakeven analysis – Revenue curves of firms
Unit V
Market Classification: Perfect Competition – Monopoly – Monopolistic Competition –
Oligopoly – Price-output determination under various market forms.
Unit VI
National Income: Definition and components of National Income-Component of National
Income- Computation of National Income- Difficulties in Computation of National Income
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Business Economics, Lekhi , Kalyani Publishers.

2. Managerial Economics, S Sankaran, Margham Publications.
3. Managerial Economics, Varshney & Maheswari, Sultan Chand
4. Managerial Ecoomics,P L Mehta, Sultan Chand
5. Managerial Economics, G.S.Gupta, TATA MCGRAW HILL
6. Managerial Economics, MITTAL & AGGARWAL, SANJEEV PRAKASAN
7. Managerial Economics, D.N.Dwivedi, Vikas Publishing House
8. Managerial Economics, R.Cauvery, S.Chand & Co
Subject Quantitative & Management Techniques – I

Subject Code UBAAL01
Major/Allied/Elective Allied Paper – I
Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Arithmetic: Ratio and proportion, Indices, Logarithms-Simple problems
Permutation and Combination: Basic concept of permutation and combination-Simple
problems.
Unit II
Sequence and series: Arithmetic Progression, sum up to n terms, Properties of AP,
Geometric Progression, Sum up to n terms Properties of GP- Simple Problems.
Unit III
Correlation and Regression: Definition and Simple problems - Fitting a straight line
trend by the method of Least squares.
Unit IV
Probability: Definition, Mutually exclusive events, Independent events, Addition theorem,
Conditional probability, Multiplication theorem, Baye’s theorem-Simple problems.
Unit V
Theoretical Distribution: Binomial, Poisson, Normal Distribution Simple problems.
Unit VI
Operations research: Definition - Scope of OR - Limitations of OR - Linear Programming
problem (LPP), Mathematical formulation, Graphical method, Simplex method
(Maximization problem only)
End Theory Problems Total To Marks per Total

Semester Questions answer Question Marks
Q.P.
pattern
Section A 6 6 12 10 2 20
Section B 1 6 7 5 5 25
Section C 0 4 4 2 15 30
1. Business Statistics & Operation Research, P R Vittal, Margham Publications

2. Business Statistics, Padmalochan Hazarika, S.Chand & Co
3. Business Statistics & Operation Research, Aggarwal Gupta, Kalyani Publishers
4. Business Statistics & Operation Research, S.P.Gupta & P.K.Gupta, Sultan Chand
Subject Management Process

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Planning: Nature, Importance & Limitations – Steps in Planning – Planning Premises
Objectives – Policies – Procedures – Rules - Strategies – Single use plans Vs Standing
Plans – Programmes and Budgets.
Unit II
Decision-making: Types of Managerial Decisions – Process - Limitations - techniques used
in decision-making.
Management by Objectives: Concept - Process – Limitations
Unit III
Organisation: Organising Process - Importance –Types of Different Organisation structures
- Authority & Responsibility – Delegation of Authority – Departmentation – Centralisation
Vs Decentralisation – Formal Vs Informal Organisation.
Unit IV
Directing: Nature and importance - Elements of Directing function - Supervision – Span of
supervision – Factors determining span of supervision.
Motivation: Importance – types of motivators – Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory –
Hertzberg’s Two-Factor Theory – Douglas Mcgregor’s Theory X & Theory Y –Motivational
Techniques - Morale & Productivity.
Unit V
Leadership: Importance - Formal & informal leaders – Leadership styles – Traits of a good
leader.
Communication: Importance of communication – The process – Communication network –
Grapevine – Oral and written communication – Barriers to communication.
Unit VI
Control: Need for Control – Controlling Process – Controlling Tools and techniques.
Coordination: Need and importance – Principles and techniques of coordination.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Business Management, C B Gupta, Sultan Chand

2. Business Management, Dinkar Pagare, Sultan Chand
3. Principles & Practice of Management, L.M.Prasad, Sultan Chand
4. Principles of Management, P.C.Tripathi & P.N.Reddy, Tata Mcgraw Hill
5. Fundamentals of Management, N.W.Samarth & Prathibha Shriya, S.Chand
6. Management, Robbins & Coulter, Nutech Photolithographers
7. Management – A Global Perspective, Weiherich & Koontz, Tata Mcgraw Hill
Subject Marketing Management

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Introduction: Markets – Classification of Markets – Definition of Marketing – Marketing Vs
Selling – Marketing Functions (Clark & Clark) - Relationship of marketing with other
functional areas – Concept of Marketing Mix
Unit II
Buyer/Consumer Behaviour: Buying motives –Factors influencing buyer Behaviour –
Buying Process of Consumer Goods –Market Segmentation – Targeting – Positioning
Unit III
Product: Product Planning - Product Mix (Width & Depth) – New product development
process – Product life cycle –Branding – Packaging - Labeling
Unit IV
Pricing: Objectives – Determinants of Pricing Decisions – Price Determination Process –
Pricing Policies – Pricing Strategies –Pricing Methods & techniques – Discounts &
Allowances – Resale Price Maintenance
Unit V
Marketing Channels: Alternative Channels – Distribution Strategies – Functions of Channel
Members – Dealer Selection, Training & Motivation - Factors influencing choice of channel
- Wholesalers (Functions & Types) - Retailers (Functions and types)
Unit VI
Promotion Mix: Determinants of Promotion Mix - Advertising – Publicity – Public Relation –
Personal selling – Direct selling – Sales promotion
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Marketing Management, C B Gupta & Rajan Nair, Sultan Chand

2. Modern Marketing, Pillai & Bagavathy, S Chand,
3. Marketing Management, R.L.Varshney, Sultan Chand
4. Marketing Management, Philip Kotler, Thomas Press India Limited
Subject Quantitative & Management Techniques – II

Major/Allied/Elective Allied Paper – II
Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Differential calculus: Differentiation –Simple differentiation (without Trigonometric
functions), Differentiation of Implicit functions,(Up to second order)-Simple problems.
Maxima and minima of functions of one variable, Marginal cost, Average cost, Marginal
revenue Total Revenue-Simple problems.
Unit II
Large Sampling: Definition, Types of Sampling, Standard error, Test of single mean and
Test of difference between two sample means, -Simple problems
Unit III
Small Samples: T-test-single mean, difference of two population mean, F-test,
Chi-square test, Test of Significance of the difference between observed and expected
frequencies and test of independence of attributes -Simple problems.
Unit IV
Transportation Problem: Definition, Basic feasible solution of a transportation problem,
modified distribution method (non-degenerate only).
Assignment Problem: Introduction, Assignment problem structure and solution,
unbalanced assignment problem, Maximization and minimization in an Assignment
problem.
Unit V
Game Theory: Meaning and its applications,Two persons zero sum game, Pure and mixed
strategies, Minimax and maximin principle different methods of solving game theory (No
LPP)
Unit VI
Network Analysis: Introduction, objectives and applications of network analysis, Network
diagram CPM analysis PERT analysis (Without crashing).
End Theory Problems Total To Marks per Total

Q.P.
pattern
Section A 6 6 12 10 2 20
Section B 1 6 7 5 5 25
Section C 0 4 4 2 15 30
1. Business Statistics & Operation Research, P R Vittal, Margham Publications

2. Business Statistics, Padmalochan Hazarika, S.Chand & Co
3. Business Statistics & Operation Research, Aggarwal Gupta, Kalyani Publishers
4. Business Statistics & Operation Research, S.P.Gupta & P.K.Gupta, Sultan Chand
Subject Accounting for Management – I

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Accounting: Meaning and scope – Persons interested in Accounting – Branches of
Accounting – Objectives of Accounting – Accounting Transactions – Accounting concepts
and conventions – Double Entry book-keeping – Journal – Ledger – Trial Balance.
Unit II
Bank Reconciliation Statement: Need – Reconciling Cash Book and Pass Book
Depreciation: Concept – Causes – Straight Line Method – Written Down Value Method –
Provision for Depreciation Account.
Unit III
Preparation of Financial Statements: Sole trading concern (with adjustments) – Company
(in Schedule VI format).
Unit IV
Valuation of Goodwill: Average Profits – Super Profits – Annuity Method - Capitalisation
method.
Valuation of Shares: Net Asset method - Yield method - Fair value methods.
Unit V
Ratio Analysis: Profitability ratios – Turnover ratios – Solvency ratios – Liquidity Ratios –
Preparation of Financial statements from ratio (Inverse Problems).
Unit VI
Analysis of Financial Statements: Funds Flow Analysis – Cash Flow Analysis (as per AS-3
Format).
End Theory Problems* Total To Marks per Total

Q. P.
Pattern
Section A 6 6 12 10 2 20
Section B 3 4 7 5 5 25
Section C 1 3 4 2 15 30
*Simple Problems only.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Financial and Management Accounting, T. S. Reddy & Hari Prasad Reddy, Margham
Publications.
2. Financial and Management Accounting, Vashisht & Saxena, S.Chand
3. Principles of Management Accounting, S.N.Maheswari, Sultan Chand
4. Corporate Accounting, R.L.Gupta and M.Radhaswamy, Sultan Chand
5. Financial Accounting, Reddy & Murthy, Margham Publications
Subject Legal Aspects of Business - I

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Law: Meaning – Sources & Branches – Meaning of contract – Formation of contract –
Classification of contract – Essentials of a valid contract.
Unit II
Elements of Contract: Offer and Acceptance – Consideration – Consent – Capacity of
Parties – Legality of Object – Contingent Contracts – Quasi Contracts.
Unit III
Performance and discharge of contract – Breach of contract & Remedies for Breach.
Unit IV
Special contracts: Indemnity – Guarantee.
Unit V
Special contracts: Bailment and pledge – Contract of agency
Unit VI
Law of Sale of Goods: Agreement to sell - Conditions and Warranty – Sale by non-owners
– Rights of an unpaid seller – Auction sale
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Elements of Mercantile Law, N.D. Kapoor, Sultan Chand.

2. Elements of Mercantile Law, P.P.S.Gogna, S.Chand
3. Indian Contract Act, Avtar Singh, Eastern Book Company
4. Legal and Regulatory Framework of Business, N.D. Kapoor, Sultan Chand.
5. Commercial & Industrial Laws, M.R.Shrinivasan, Margham Publications
6. Relevant Bare Acts
Subject Advertising & Brand Management

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Advertising: Importance & Objectives – Benefits & Criticism – Classification of
Advertisements – Impact on Society and economy – Advertising as a marketing tool –
Advertising & Consumer Behaviour.
Unit II
Advertising Media: Planning & Scheduling – Indoor & Outdoor Media – Media Selection
decisions
Message Design & Development: Advertisement Copy – Copy design, layout & production
– Advertising themes & appeals.
Unit III
Advertising Agencies: Types – Organisational Structure – Selecting an agency – Agency
compensation – Client Account Management.
Advertising Budget: Preparation & Execution – Methods of determining budget
appropriation – Determinants of appropriation
Unit IV
Introduction to Branding: Essentials for the success of a brand – Brand Perspectives -
Anatomy of a brand – Types of Brand Names – Family Brands Vs Individual Brands
Unit V
Brand Dimensions: Brand Associations – Brand Equity – Brand Identity – Brand Positioning
– Brand Image.
Unit VI
Protecting a Brand: Trademarks – Copyrights – Patents – Obligations of a patent holder –
Registration of Brands – Bio-piracy
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Advertising & Sales Promotion, Saravanavel & Sumathi, Margham Publications

2. Advertising & Sales Management, C.N.Sontakki, Kalyani Publishers
3. Brand Management, Dr. L. Natarajan, Margham Publications
4. Compendium of Brand Management, Himalaya Publishing House
Subject Production & Materials Management

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Production Management: Scope & Significance of Production Management - Factors
influencing location of a plant – Urban Vs rural site selection – Importance of plant location
- Importance of plant layout – Principles of a good layout – Methods of Production
Unit II
Production Planning and Control (PPC): Concepts – Objectives of PPC - Functions of PPC –
Value Analysis – Six Sigma
Unit III
Plant maintenance: Cause and costs associated with breakdown – Types of maintenance -
Objectives of a good maintenance system
Quality control: Need – Statistical Quality Control – Control Charts & Acceptance Sampling
– Quality Circles – TQM
Unit IV
Material Management: Meaning – Significance – Functions – Concept of Integrated
Materials Management.
Inventory Control: Functions – Importance – Replenishment of Stock – Material Demand

Forecasting – Material Requirement Planning – Just-In-Time model – ABC Analysis – VED
Analysis – FSN Analysis – Inventory Control of spares & slow moving items – EOQ – EBQ.
Unit V
Store Keeping: Objectives & Functions – Stores Responsibilities – Location of Storehouse –
Centralised Store Room - - Equipment – Security Measures – Protection & Prevention of
stores – Fire & Other hazards – Bin Card – Stock Records – Identification & Disposal of
obsolete, surplus & scrap materials.
Unit VI
Purchase Management: Purchasing – Procedure – Principles – Import Substitution –
International Purchase – Import purchase procedure - Sources of Supply – Price
Determination & Negotiation – Vendor Rating – Selection & Development.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Production & Materials Management, Saravanavel & Sumathi, Margham

Publications.
2. Production & Operations Management, Sharma Gagan Deep & Others, Kalyani
Publishers
3. Production & Operations Management, Nair, Mcgraw Hill
4. Production & Operations Management, Chary, Mcgraw Hill
Subject Money, Banking & Capital Markets

Major/Allied/Elective Allied Paper – III
Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Nature and Functions of Money: Barter System – Primary, Secondary and Contingent
Functions of Money – Metallic Money – Paper Money – Credit Money – Role of Money in
Capitalistic and Socialistic Economic Systems - Defeats or Evils of Money – Composition of
Money Supply In India
Unit – II
Business Cycles: Definition – Characteristics – Phases of Trade Cycle – Types of Business
Cycles
Inflation and Deflation: Definition – Characteristics – Types – Causes – Consequences of
Inflation and Deflation – Measures to control Inflation & Deflation.
Unit III
Indian banking System: Kinds of Banks – Functions of Commercial Banks - Rationale &
Arguments for nationalization – Co-operative Banking – Non-Banking Finance Companies
and their functions.
Unit IV:
Banking Sector reforms in the last 2 decades – Impact of Technology on banking system
(Core Banking, Internet Banking, etc.) – Plastic Money (Credit, Debit & Smart Cards) -
Role of RBI as a apex body of the banking system
Unit V
Money Market: Characteristics – Constituents – Importance – Instruments – Features of
money market in India.
Unit VI
Capital Markets: Primary Vs Secondary markets – Functions of Stock exchange in India –
Listing of Securities – Role of SEBI in regulating Capital Markets.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Money, Banking & International Trade, S. Sankaran, Margham Publications

2. Banking & Financial System, B. Santhanam, Margham Publications
Subject Accounting for Management - II

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Cost & Management Accounting: Nature - Scope – Limitations - Cost Classification –
Elements of Cost – Cost Sheet - Tenders & Quotations.
Material Cost: Inventory Levels – Economic Order Quantity – Valuation of Material Issues
under FIFO, LIFO and Weighted Average Cost Methods.
Unit II
Labour Cost: Computation of Labour Cost under Time Rate and Piece Rate Methods –
Treatment of Idle Time – Premium & Bonus Plans (Halsey & Rowan Plans) - Computation
of Labour Turnover.
Unit III
Overheads: Classification of Overheads – Allocation & Apportionment of Overheads –
Reapportionment of Service Department Costs to Production Departments – Absorption of
Overheads – Under & Over Absorption of Overheads.
Unit IV
Marginal Costing: Absorption Costing Vs Marginal Costing – CVP Analysis – Breakeven
analysis – Breakeven Charts – Profit Planning – Margin of Safety - Relevant Vs Irrelevant
Costs – Key Factor & Limiting Factor – Product Mix decisions – Make or Buy decision–
Export Offer decision– Shut down or Continue decision.
Unit V
Budgetary Control: Advantages & Limitations - Preparation of budgets with respect to
Sales, Production, Materials, Labour, Overheads, and Cash Budget – Flexible Budget –
Zero based budgeting.
Unit VI
Standard Costing & Variance Analysis: Material Cost Variance – Labour Cost Variance –
Sales Variance.

Q. P.
Pattern
Section A 6 6 12 10 2 20
Section B 3 4 7 5 5 25
Section C 1 3 4 2 15 30
*Simple Problems only

1. Financial and Management Accounting, T. S. Reddy & Hari Prasad Reddy, Margham
Publications.
2. Cost and Management Accounting, S.N.Maheswari
3. Financial and Management Accounting, Vashisht & Saxena, S.Chand
4. Principles of Management Accounting, S.N.Maheswari, Sultan Chand
5. Corporate Accounting, R.L.Gupta and M.Radhaswamy, Sultan Chand
6. Financial Accounting, Reddy & Murthy, Margham Publications
Subject Legal Aspects of Business - II

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Law of Partnership: Features – Classification of Partners and Partnership – Partnership
deed – Registration of Firms – Rights, duties & liabilities of partners – Relationship of
partners with third parties – Minor as a partner – Admission, Death & Retirement of
partners – Dissolution of Firm.
Unit II
Company Law: Corporate Personality & Lifting of Corporate Veil – Promotion –
Incorporation – Memorandum of Association – Articles of Association – Doctrine of Ultra
Vires, Constructive Notice and Indoor Management – Provisions with respect to Prospectus
including Misstatement in prospectus.
Unit III
Company Management (Directors): Appointment – Disqualification – Vacation of Office –
Removal – Rights, duties and Liabilities – Directors Meetings – Directors Report – Directors
Remuneration.
Unit IV
Law of Negotiable Instruments: Features of Negotiable Instruments – Transferability Vs
Negotiability – Types of Instruments & their features (Cheque, Bill of Exchange,
Promissory Note) – Crossing – Endorsements.
Unit V
Law of Consumer Protection: Objectives – Consumer Rights – Role of Consumer forums,
District, State and National Councils.
Unit VI
Cyber Law: Definitions – Digital Signature – Electronic Governance – Attribution,
acknowledgement and dispatch of electronic records – Regulation of Certifying Authorities
– Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal – Offence, Penalties & Adjudication.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Elements of Mercantile Law, N.D. Kapoor, Sultan Chand.

2. Elements of Mercantile Law, P.P.S.Gogna, S.Chand
3. Company Law, P.P.S.Gogna, S.Chand
4. Indian Contract Act, Avtar Singh, Eastern Book Company
5. Legal and Regulatory Framework of Business, N.D. Kapoor, Sultan Chand.
6. Commercial & Industrial Laws, M.R.Shrinivasan, Margham Publications
Subject Retail Management

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Introduction: Functions of Retailing in a Distribution Channel – Importance of Retailing in
the economy – Types of Retailers based on merchandise & pricing – Types of retailers
based on operational structure – Non-store retailing.
Unit II
Store Location & Design: Types of Retail Locations – Factors for choosing a location –
Issues in choosing the right retail site – Store’s Image – Key considerations in Store
Layout – Exterior Design Vs Interior Design – Steps for designing store layout
Unit III
Merchandising & Supply Chain: Determining the right assortment – Assortment planning –
Merchandise Budget plan or buying plan – Sources of merchandise.
Controlling the Merchandise: Merchandise Turnover – Inventory Management – Periodic
Inventory & Perpetual Inventory – Minimizing Shrinkage
Unit IV
Store Management: Responsibility of a store manager – Major functions of a store – House
keeping – Merchandise Handling – Safety in stores
Unit V
Promotional Strategies: Advertising – Sales Promotion – Publicity – Store Atmosphere –
Personal Selling.
Unit VI
Application of Information Technology in Retailing: Impact areas – Essentials of an
information system – Enterprise Resource Planning – I.T. Applications in Retailing
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Retail Management, Arif Sheikh & Kaneez Fatima, Himalaya Publishing House
2. Retailing Management, Micheal Levy, Barton A.Weitz & Ajay Pandit, Tata Mcgraw
Hill
Subject Logistics & Supply Chain Management

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Overview of Logistics: Evolution of the logistics concepts – Growing importance of logistics
in India – Logistical competitive advantage – Components & Functions of Logistics
Management – Concept of Customer Service – Customer Service Costs
Unit II
Supply Chain Management: Nature & Concept – Value Chain – Framework for supply chain
solution – Outsourcing & 3PLs – Fourth Party Logistics – Supply chain relationships
Unit III
Transportation: Modes – Elements of Transportation Cost – Containerization –
Transportation Design (Pricing & Rate) – Transportation Network (Routing & Scheduling)
Unit IV
Warehousing & Distribution Centers: Concepts of Warehousing – Types of Warehouse –
Functions of Warehousing – Warehousing Strategy – Warehouse Design – Operational
Mechanism of a warehouse.
Unit V
Protective Packaging – Order Processing – Materials Handling – Marine Transit Insurance
Unit VI
Logistical Information System – Operational Logistical Information System – Information
Technology solutions for Logistics and Supply Chain Management – Emerging Technologies
– Demand Forecasting techniques
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Logistics & Supply Chain Management, D.K.Agrawal, Macmillan

2. Logistics & Supply Chain Management, Martin Christopher, Pearson Education
Subject International Trade

Major/Allied/Elective Allied Paper IV
Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Foreign Trade: Internal Trade Vs International Trade – Problems of Foreign Trade – Need
for foreign Trade – Theories of Foreign Trade (Absolute, Comparative, and Equal Cost
Differences) – Balance of Trade Vs Balance of Payments – Causes of BoP Disequilibrium –
Measures to correct Disequilibrium.
Unit II
Procedures & Documents: Export Procedure – Import Procedure – Bill of Lading –
Transport Documents – Certificates & Documents – Letter of Credit.
Unit III
Foreign Exchange: Meaning – Functions of Foreign Exchange - Exchange Transactions –
Fixed Vs Flexible rates – Spot and Forward Rates - Determinants of Forex rates –
Purchasing Power Parity theory.
Unit IV
Exchange Control in India: Functions of RBI – Exchange control – Convertibility of
Currency – Foreign Exchange Regulations – FERA & FEMA.
Unit V
Financing: Financing of Imports – Financing of Exports – Payment of Import Bills – Packing
Credit – Collection of Export Bills – Export incentives – Functions of ECGC – EXIM policy
(latest).
Unit VI
International Economic Organisations: IMF – World Bank Group – SAARC.
WTO & International Environment: Evolution of GATT – GATT to WTO – Functions of WTO
– Ministerial Conference – Recent Developments.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. International Economics, S.Sankaran, Margham Publications

2. International Economics, Francis Cherunilam, McGraw Hill
3. International Economics, Victor Louis Anthuvan & Others, S.Chand
4. International Business, P.Subba Rao, Himalaya Publishing House
Subject Strategic Management

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Introduction: Concept of Strategy – Strategic Business Unit – Levels of Strategy –
Strategic Management Process – Vision & Mission Statements – Goals & Objectives –
Mckinsey’s 7-S Model
Unit II
Environmental Appraisal: Internal Environment – External Environment – Environmental
Scanning – SWOT Analysis - ETOP
Unit III
Corporate/Grand Strategies: Stability Strategies – Expansion Strategies – Retrenchment
Strategies – Turnaround strategies – Divestment Strategies
Business level of strategies: Focus – Differentiation – Cost Leadership
Unit IV
Strategy Analysis: Industry & Competitive Analysis – TOWS Matrix – BCG Matrix – GAP
Analysis – ADL Matrix – GE Nine-cell matrix – Experience Curve or learning curve –
Product life cycle
Unit V
Strategy Implementation: Structural Implementation – Behavioural Implementation –
Functional & Operational implementation
Unit VI
Strategy Evaluation & Control: Barriers in Evaluation & Control – Types of Strategic
Controls – Evaluation techniques of strategic control
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Strategic Management, S Sankaran, Margham Publications.

2. Business Policy & Strategic Management, Text & Cases by Francis Cherunilam
3. Strategic Planning & Management by P.K.Ghosh
Subject Human Resource Management

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Human Resource Management: Nature and Scope –Functions of HRM – Human Resource
Planning – Job Specification – Job Description.
Unit II
Procurement Function: Recruitment Process – Sources of Recruitment – Selection Process
– Uses of various tests – Interviews – Types of Interviews – Interview Process – Guidelines
for effective interviewing – Placement.
Unit III
Training, Development & Appraisal: Induction – Need and Importance of Training -
Identifying training needs – Methods and Techniques of Training – Promotions & Transfers
- Career Planning & Development – Performance Appraisal – Need and Significance -
Methods of Appraisal.
Unit IV
Compensation & Rewards system: Job Evaluation – Concept and Need for Job Evaluation -
Components of Worker Remuneration – Incentive Schemes – Benefits – Welfare and Social
Security Measures.
Unit V
Absenteeism: Meaning – Causes – Consequences of higher rate of absenteeism – Measures
to control absenteeism.
Labour Turnover: Causes – Consequences – Cost of labour turnover – Measures to control
labour turnover.
Unit VI
Contemporary trends in H.R.: Emotional Quotient – Mentoring – Executive Stock Option
Plans – Workforce Diversity – Ethical Issues
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Human Resource Management, C.B.Gupta, Sultan Chand

2. Human Resource Management, Jayasankaran, Margham Publications
3. Human Resource Management, L.M.Prasad, Sultan Chand
4. Human Resource Management, Aswathappa, McGraw Hill
5. Human Resource Management, P.C.Tripathi, Sultan Chand
6. Human Resource Management, Garry Dessler, Saurabh Printers
7. Human Resource Management, C.B.Memoria, Himalaya Publishers
Subject Marketing Research

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Marketing Research: Nature & Scope – Marketing Research Process – Types of Research –
Scientific Approach to marketing research – Exploratory & Conclusive Research designs.
Unit II
Data Sources & Collection: Primary & Secondary Data – Observation Method – Survey
(Telephone, Mail & Personal Interview) – Questionnaire Design process.
Unit III
Data Collection, Preparation & Analysis: Sampling Vs Census Methods – Sampling
Techniques – Data Preparation Process - Data Tabulation- Measures of Central Tendency,
Dispersion & Shape – Presentation of findings in the form of Report
Unit IV
Product Research: New Product Research – Product Life Cycle Research – Branding
Research - Packaging Research
Unit V
Market & Sales Analysis Research: Market Potential – Sales Forecasting – Sales Analysis –
Market Share Analysis – Determining market characteristics
Unit VI
Advertising Research: Product Appeal – Copy Testing – Media Selection Research
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Marketing Research, Dr.D.D.Sharma, Sultan Chand

2. Marketing Research, Beri, McGraw Hill
3. Marketing Research, Malhotra, Pearson Education
4. Marketing Research – Concepts & Applications, Dogra Balram, Kalyani Publishers
5. Marketing Research, Ravilochanan, Margham Publications
6. Marketing Research, Nargundkar, McGraw Hill
Subject Industrial & Labour Laws

Subject Code UBAAE01
Major/Allied/Elective Elective #1
Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
The Factories Act, 1948: Meaning – Objectives – Applicability – Health, Safety & Welfare
Measures – Working Hours, Holidays & Annual Leave – Special provisions regarding
employment of women, young persons and dangerous operations.
Unit II
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947: Concept of Industry – Procedure regarding Adjudication and
Arbitration – Forum under the Act – Lay off, Retrenchment & Closure – Strike & Lock Out -
Unfair Labour Practice – Collective Bargaining – Workers Participation in Management.
Unit III
Trade Union, its functions & The Trade Union Act, 1926.
Unit IV
Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923: Applicability – Disablement under the Act – Accidents
out of Employment and Course of Employment.
Unit V
Social Security Laws: Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 and Provident Fund Act:
Structure - Schemes (basic Concepts)
Unit VI
Payment of Wages Act: Objectives – Responsibility for payment of wages – Time of
payment of wages – Deductions from wages.
Payment of Gratuity Act: Determination of Gratuity – Payment – Nomination – Deductions
– Rights and obligations of employers and employees.
Note: Fundamental understanding of the provisions concerned is required, but

not an in-depth or a critical analysis. Due weightage may be given to applied
situations.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Elements of Mercantile Law, N.D.Kapoor, Sultan Chand

2. Personnel Management & Industrial Laws, N.D.Kapoor, Sultan Chand
3. Industrial Relations & Labour Laws, S.C.Srivastava, Vikas Publishing House
4. Industrial & Labour Law, Dr. M R Shreenivasan, Margham Publications
Subject Entrepreneurship & Small Business Management

Major/Allied/Elective Elective Paper #2
Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Entrepreneurship: Definition – Features of an entrepreneur – Distinction between
Entrepreneur and Manager – Intrapreneur – Classification of Entrepreneurs – Functions of
entrepreneur – Factors influencing entrepreneurship – Role of entrepreneurship in the
development of economy.
Unit II
Setting up a business: Search for business idea – sources and selection – project
classification and identification – constraints - features of ancillary units – consumer
products – feasibility – prospects – project objectives – design and appraisal – format for
report.
Unit III
Financial analysis: Capital cost – operating cost – cost estimation and budgeting under
uncertainty – risk and inflation – proforma profit and loss, balance sheet – cash flow
statement – social costs – cost benefit analysis
Unit IV
Project Finance: Sources of project finance – credit facilities – types – evaluation by
financial institutions – role of consultancy organisations – uses of leasing arrangements –
institution providing technical, financial and marketing assistance.
Unit V
Problems of entrepreneurs: Various problems faced by entrepreneurs in general and
women in particular – Rural Entrepreneur – Small scale entrepreneurs – Sickness in small
scale industries and suggestions for their improvement.
Unit VI
Starting a small industry: Steps – Selection of type of organisation – Incentives &
subsidies – Central Government & State Schemes – Incentives to SSI – Exploring export
possibilities – Incentives for exports – Import of capital goods and raw materials.
Entrepreneurial development programmes in India and its prospects.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Entrepreneurship & Small Business Management, C B Gupta & S.S.Khanka, Sultan

Chand.
2. Entrepreneurial Development, S.S.Khanka, S.Chand
3. Entrepreneurial Development, C.B.Gupta & N.P.Srinivasan, Sultan Chand
Subject Business Taxation

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Tax System in India: Union List, State List & Concurrent List – Distribution of Revenue –
Features & Objectives of Taxes - Canons of taxation – Types of Taxes – Direct & Indirect
Taxes (Features. merits & demerits)
Unit II
Income Tax Law framework in India: Person – Assessee – Previous Year – Assessment
Year – Gross Total Income – Total Income – Rates of Tax for the current Assessment year
– Five heads of Income - Charge of Income Tax – Scope of Total Income – Residential
Status.
Unit III
Income Tax Law: Computation of Business Income (Simple Problems & Does not
include Depreciation computation u/s 32) – Return of Income – Permanent Account
number – Types of Assessments – Recovery of Tax (Advance Tax & T.D.S.) – Offences &
Penalties under the Income Tax Law.
Unit IV
Central Excise Law: Features of Central Excise – Important Definitions – Administrative
setup – Types of Excise Duties – Levy & Collection – Exemption – Provisions relating to salt
– Excise duty with respect to Small scale industries – Concept of CENVAT.
Unit V
Customs Law: Features – Types of customs duty – Important Definitions – Detection of
illegally imported goods & Prohibition of disposal – Prevention & Detection of illegally
exported goods – Levy & Collection – Exemption – Search, seizure & Arrest – Confiscation
of goods & Conveyance – Duty drawbacks – Advalorem Vs Specific duties.
Unit VI
Sales Tax and VAT: Single-point taxation Vs multi-point taxation – General Sales Tax and
Central Sales Tax - Cascading effect – Concept of Value Added Tax – Merits and limitations
of VAT.

Q.P.
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 5 2 7 5 5 25
Section C 3 1 4 2 15 30
*Problems shall be based on Residential Status, Scope of Total Income and

Business Income only.
1. Income Tax Law & Practice, Gaur & Narang, Kalyani Publishers
2. Indirect Taxes, V.Balachandran, Sultan Chand
3. Direct Taxes – Law & Practice, Vinod K Singhania, Tanprints India Ltd
4. Tax Laws – Yogendra Vandana Bhangar & Vineet K Sodhani, Aadhya Prakashan
Private Limited
Subject Business Finance

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Financial Management: Definition – Objectives – Functions of a finance manager –
Financial Planning – Time value of money.
Unit II
Capital Structure: Sources of long term finance - Factors influencing Capital Structure –
Importance of capital structure - EBIT/EPS analysis – Indifference point - Financial,
Operating and Combined Leverage – Capital Structure Theories (except MM Theory).
Unit III
Cost of Capital: Measurement and Significance – Cost of Debt – Cost of Preference Capital
– Cost of equity – Cost of retained earnings - Weighted Average Cost of Capital.
Unit IV
Capital Budgeting Decisions: Nature of Investment Decisions – Investment evaluation
criteria - Payback Period – Accounting Rate of Return – Discounted Payback Period – Net
Present Value – Internal Rate of Return – Profitability Index.
Unit V
Working Capital Management: Sources of short-term finance - Concept of
Operating/Working Capital Cycle – Determinants of working capital - Estimation of Working
Capital.
Unit VI
Cash Management: Liquidity Needs – Cash Management Techniques (Lock Box system,
concentration banking, collection centres & Factoring).
Receivables Management: Ageing Schedule – Credit Policy alternatives (Credit Period,
Credit Limit, Discounts, Collection efforts & Credit Standards).

Q.P.
pattern
Section A 6 6 12 10 2 20
Section B 3 4 7 5 5 25
Section C 2 2 4 2 15 30
1. Elements of Financial Management, S.N.Maheswari, Sultan Chand

2. Financial Management, Khan & Jain, Mcgraw Hill
3. Financial Management, Prasanna Chandra, Mcgraw Hill
4. Financial Management, Sharma & Gupta, Kalyani Publishers
Subject Business Communication & Executive Skills

Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Communication: Process – Communication Media - Barriers to communication –
Overcoming the barriers – Principles of Communication.
Unit II
Business Letters: Layout – Enquiries & Replies – Orders - Sales & Collection letters –
Application Letters – Interview Letters – Letters of Appointment, Confirmation, Promotion,
Resignation & Retrenchment – Public Relations Letters.
Unit III
Business Reports: Types – Preparation & Organisation of Reports
Meeting Management: Agenda – Conduct - Minutes
Unit IV
Oral Communication: Presentation Skills - Telephone etiquette – Listening.
Body Language: Advantages & Limitations - Eye Contact – Gestures – Postures –
Appearance – Effective use of body language.
Unit V
Negotiation & Bargaining: Approaches – Tactics – Process - Guidelines for successful
negotiation.
Interviews: Selection Interview – Appraisal Interview – Exit Interview.
Unit VI
Vision & Goal Setting: Importance of Vision & Goals – Goal setting process – Goal pyramid.
Time Management: Time Wasters (Laziness, Overload, Interruptions, Regretting,
Procrastination, etc.) – Prioritisation of activities.
Stress Management: Causes of stress – Strategies to overcome stress – Managing
relationships.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Essentials of Business Communication, Rajendra Pal & Korlahalli, Sultan Chand

2. Business Communication, C.B.Gupta, S.Chand
3. Executive Communication, Devaraj, McGraw Hill
Subject Organisational Behaviour

Major/Allied/Elective Core
Maximum Marks 100
Unit I
Organisational Behaviour: Nature – Objectives – Significance – Hawthorne Experiments -
O.B. Models – Factors influencing individual behaviour – Models of Man.
Unit II
Individual Dimensions of Organisational Behaviour: Personality – Perception – Attitudes –
Values.
Unit III
Group Dynamics: Types of Groups – Group Formation – Group Norms – Group
Cohesiveness – Group Decision making.
Unit IV
Organisational Conflicts: Causes – Consequences – Stages of conflict –Levels of conflict –
Conflict outcomes – Resolution of conflicts.
Organisational Change: Need for change – Resistance to Change – Organisational
strategies to overcome resistance to change.
Unit V
Quality of Work Life: Importance – Criteria for measuring QWL – Improving QWL.
Organisational Development & Effectiveness: Objectives of O.D. – Evaluation of O.D. –
Levels of Organisational effectiveness – Determinants of effectiveness.
Unit VI
Organisational Climate & Culture: Concept – Developing a sound organisational climate –
Morale Measurement & Morale Building – Impact of Organisational Culture.
End
Theory Problems
pattern
Section A 12 0 12 10 2 20
Section B 7 0 7 5 5 25
Section C 4 0 4 2 15 30
1. Organisational Behaviour, J.Jayasankaran, Margham Publications

2. Organisational Behaviour, L M Prasad, Sultan Chand.
3. Organisational Behaviour, S.S.Khanka, S. Chand.
4. Organisational Behaviour, Stephen P.Robbins, Prentice Hall of India
5. Organisational Behaviour, Shashi Gupta & Rosy Joshi, Kalyani Publishers
Subject Project Work

Major/Allied/Elective Elective Paper #3
Maximum Marks 100
1. The Project shall broadly relate to functional areas of management like Human
Resource Management, Marketing, Sales and Finance. It may also be a Business
Plan.
2. The Project may be done as a group of a maximum of 3 students as per the

University of Madras Norms.
3. The project shall be guided by the department faculty. If required, the students
will also be provided an alumni mentor.
4. The Evaluation Scheme would be as follows:
a) Continuous Internal Assessment : 25 Marks

i. Project Proposal - 10 Marks
ii. Periodic Review - 5 Marks
iii. Final Presentation - 10 Marks
b) Report Evaluation & Viva-Voce : 75 Marks
5. The Examiner for the Viva-voce examination shall be nominated by the Chairman
of the Board of Studies.
PROJECT PROPOSAL – CONTENTS & PRESENTATION:
Project proposal is intent to do a project and shall contain the following:
1. Title and a brief Description of the project

2. Need/Background for the project
3. Objectives of the study
4. Scope and Limitations
5. Data Required
6. Data Sources – Primary and Secondary
7. Data Collection Methods – Observation, Personal Interview, Telephonic survey, Mail
survey.
8. Sampling Plan – Size, Sampling techniques
9. Data Analytical techniques
10. Presentation of Findings in the report (Chapter scheme)
The proposal has to be presented by the group members for a maximum of 5 minutes.
PERIODIC REVIEW
The students must meet their guides on a regular basis. The different stages of review are
as follows:
1. Project Proposal
2. Questionnaire Design (If applicable)
3. Pilot Survey i.e. Pre testing of the questionnaire
4. Data Preparation, Coding and Tabulation
5. Data Analysis
6. Report Preparation
7. Final Approval and Signature of the Guide and the Head of the Department
Subject Business Ethics

Subject Code UBAAX01 – First Semester
Major/Allied/Elective/NME Non-Major Elective offered by the Department of
Business Administration
Maximum Marks Internal –25 Marks & End Semester – 75 Marks
Introduction: Ethics – Morality – Value Systems;
Business Ethics: Importance – Arguments for & against ethics – Mechanism for ethical
management (Committees, Hotline, Training, etc.).
Ethical Issues: Bribery & Corruption – Theft & Piracy – Coercion & Compulsion – Deception
& Duplicity – Unfair Discrimination.
Subject Ethics & Social Responsibility

Subject Code UBAAX02 – Second Semester
Major/Allied/Elective/NME Non-Major Elective offered by the Department of
Business Administration
Maximum Marks Internal –25 Marks & End Semester – 75 Marks
Internal Ethics of Business: Hiring employees – Screening practices – Promotions – Wages

– Exploitation of employees – Discipline – Whistle blowing.
External ethics of business: Ethics of competition – Fair prices – Consumer Rights – Ethics
of advertisement & false claims.
Social responsibility of business: Arguments for and against social responsibility –

Responsibility towards various stakeholders.
Q.P. pattern Total Questions To answer Marks per Total

Question Marks
Section A 7 5 5 25
Section B 7 5 10 50
Total 75
Recommended Text Book:
1. Business Ethics & Values, S.Sankaran, Margham Publications, Chennai

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Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai – 4

Department of Business Administration

Subject Organisation & Management Fundamentals

Text & Reference Books:

1. Elements of Organisation & Commerce, Yogendra Prasad Verma , S.Chand

Subject Managerial Economics

1. Business Economics, Lekhi , Kalyani Publishers.

Subject Quantitative & Management Techniques – I

End Theory Problems Total To Marks per Total

Text & Reference Books:

1. Business Statistics & Operation Research, P R Vittal, Margham Publications

Subject Management Process

1. Business Management, C B Gupta, Sultan Chand

Subject Marketing Management

Text & Reference Books:

1. Marketing Management, C B Gupta & Rajan Nair, Sultan Chand

Subject Quantitative & Management Techniques – II

End Theory Problems Total To Marks per Total

Text & Reference Books:

1. Business Statistics & Operation Research, P R Vittal, Margham Publications

Subject Accounting for Management – I

End Theory Problems* Total To Marks per Total

*Simple Problems only.

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

Subject Legal Aspects of Business - I

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Elements of Mercantile Law, N.D. Kapoor, Sultan Chand.

Subject Advertising & Brand Management

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Advertising & Sales Promotion, Saravanavel & Sumathi, Margham Publications

Subject Production & Materials Management

Inventory Control: Functions – Importance – Replenishment of Stock – Material Demand

1. Production & Materials Management, Saravanavel & Sumathi, Margham

Subject Money, Banking & Capital Markets

Text & Reference Books:

1. Money, Banking & International Trade, S. Sankaran, Margham Publications

Subject Accounting for Management - II

End Theory Problems* Total To Marks per Total

*Simple Problems only

Subject Legal Aspects of Business - II

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Elements of Mercantile Law, N.D. Kapoor, Sultan Chand.

Subject Retail Management

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

Subject Logistics & Supply Chain Management

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Logistics & Supply Chain Management, D.K.Agrawal, Macmillan

Subject International Trade

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. International Economics, S.Sankaran, Margham Publications

Subject Strategic Management

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Strategic Management, S Sankaran, Margham Publications.

Subject Human Resource Management

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Human Resource Management, C.B.Gupta, Sultan Chand

Subject Marketing Research

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Marketing Research, Dr.D.D.Sharma, Sultan Chand

Subject Industrial & Labour Laws

Note: Fundamental understanding of the provisions concerned is required, but

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Elements of Mercantile Law, N.D.Kapoor, Sultan Chand