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Dithered Slip-Sweep Acquisition: Claudio Bagaini and Ying Ji, Schlumberger
Dithered Slip-Sweep Acquisition: Claudio Bagaini and Ying Ji, Schlumberger
Dithered Slip-Sweep Acquisition: Claudio Bagaini and Ying Ji, Schlumberger
© 2010 SEG
SEG Denver 2010 Annual Meeting 91
Dithered slip-sweep acquisition
than the slip time ST, after the later of the start times of
Two conditions on the earliest time at which one vibrator sweeps A1 and A2. For the sake of simplicity, Figure 1
(or fleet of vibrators) can start sweeping are cyclically shows the sweep start times in the case when the dither
applied. The example of a two-fold dithered slip-sweep times are all positive. Obviously, the acquisition system
acquisition shown in Figure 1 helps to explain these selects the vibrators that will constitute the dither pairs in
conditions. The first condition is the dithering time real time among those vibrator that satisfy the distance and
condition, and the vibrators to which this condition is slip-time conditions and not at the planning stage.
applied form a dithering group (or pair in a two-fold
dithered acquisition). The dither times (typical values are a Figure 2 shows a schematic representation in time-
few hundred ms) can be planned or determined in real time frequency domain of a trace recorded from four shot points
to generate incoherent events in a domain different than the during a dithered slip-sweep acquisition as the one depicted
acquisition domain. The separation will then be carried out in Figure 1. The Earth’s response to the fundamental and
in this domain, which can be multidimensional for 3D the second-order harmonic are the grey shaded beneath the
acquisitions. green and red lines, respectively. If the slip-sweep time is
set such that the slip-sweep component of the dithered slip-
The two shot points A1 and A2 (here arbitrarily called sweep acquisition is non-aggressive, the most significant
master and dithered records), which are acquired almost interference noise is due to the dithered vibrator. In the
simultaneously, can be extracted from the dithered record examples in Figure 1 and Figure 2, this is the
by explicitly taking into account the respective firing times. contamination of A1 due to A2 (and vice versa) and the
A condition on the minimum distance of the vibrators that contamination of B1 due to B2 (and vice versa).
compose the dither pair prevents the very energetic short
offsets of one vibrator from overwhelming the signals
recorded by the medium or large offsets of the other
vibrator.
Data example
© 2010 SEG
SEG Denver 2010 Annual Meeting 92
Dithered sllip-sweep acqu
uisition
beginning ofo the line and an nother that starteed half way, i.e., simpllest approach, which
w is referredd as passive sepaaration,
about 2.8 km m apart, with ap
ppropriate ditherr times. This is a consists of duplicatinng the dithered reecords and alignning the
small distannce separation that
t yields noisee interference att two records
r accordinng to the masterr and dithered vibrator
v
offsets all thhe way down to about 1.2 km. TheT dither valuess firingg times (interfereence attenuationn is simply achieeved by
were positivve and in the rannge 300-800 ms. the foold of stack at the
t image level). Algorithms baased on
predicction error filters that were originally developped for
Datasets wiith several slip-ssweep values were generated too randoom noise attenuaation can be appllied in a domainn where
simulate diffferent possible scenarios. Figuure 3 shows ann the dither noise appeears incoherent, such as the com mmon-
example of a dithered recorrd and a commonn receiver gatherr receivver gather shownn in Figure 3b.
extracted frrom one of the generated dithhered slip-sweepp
datasets (sliip time is 12 s).
s Figure 4 shoows a common-- Figurre 5 compares thhe CMP stacks obtained for the 2D2 line
offset gather before (left pan
nel) and after sepparation (middlee described above in the t case of connventional acquuisition:
and right paanels). After sep paration and reaalignment in thee ditherred slip-sweep acquisition
a with passive separatiion and
master timee, the events dued to the mastter shots appearr separation using thee modeling and inversion appproach
coherent annd no evident leeakage from thee other source iss (Mooore et al., 2008)). Despite the substantial
s interfference
apparent (mmiddle panel). Th he events of thee dithered sourcee due tot the small disstance between vibrators in thee dither
in the masteer time appear to
o be incoherent and
a to follow thee pair, the stack after passive separaation is not maassively
dither timess for these data acquired over a prevalently flatt contaaminated. The substantial
s diffeerent moveout of the
geology (rigght panel). interffering events has helped to stacck them out. Hoowever,
the coontamination is evident as steeep dipping eventts. The
prevaalence of dips inn one direction is due to the faact that
positiive only ditherrs were appliedd to the vibratoor that
acquiired the shot gathers on the right sidde. Its
contaamination is, theerefore, more seevere than vice versa.
The application
a of the
t modeling annd inversion appproach
(Figuure 5c) has remooved these residuual dipping evennts and
the signal appears to be
b well preserveed.
Concclusions
© 2010 SEG
SEG Denver 2010 Annual Meeting 93
Dithered slip-sweep acquisition
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 5. Dithered slip-sweep acquisition. Stack comparisons for (a) Conventionally acquired 2D vibroseis line. (b) Dithered vibroseis acquisition
with “passive” separation of the dithered records. (c) Dithered vibroseis acquisition after separation of prestack data based on a modeling and
inversion approach.
© 2010 SEG
SEG Denver 2010 Annual Meeting 94
EDITED REFERENCES
Note: This reference list is a copy-edited version of the reference list submitted by the author. Reference lists for the 2010
SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts have been copy edited so that references provided with the online metadata for
each paper will achieve a high degree of linking to cited sources that appear on the Web.
REFERENCES
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© 2010 SEG
SEG Denver 2010 Annual Meeting 95