ILLUSTRAIVE PROBLEME

SLOPE TAPING. A measurement is made along a line that is inclned by a vertical angle of I5•25' as
measured using a hand level and cilinometer. The slope measurement is 756.52 m. What is the
corresponding horizontal distance ?

Solution.

d = sCos C = 756.52 Cos ( 15• 25')

= 729.30 m (equivalent horizontal length of tho line measured along the slope)

3. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A steel tape with a coefficient of linear expansion of

O.0000116/1°C is known to be 50m long at 20°C. The tape was used to measure a line which was found
to be 532.28 meters long when the temperature was 35 C. Determine the following:

a) Temperature correction per tape length

b) Temperature correction for the measured line

c) Correct length of the line

Solution

a) Ct = CL (T - Ts) = 0.0000116 (50)( 35°- 20°)

= +0.0087 m (Correction per tape length due to temperatura. The posItive sign indicates that tape is too
long)

b) Ct' = CL (T - Ts) = 0.0000116 (532.28)(35°-20°)

= +0.0926m (Correction for the measured line due to temperature)

Solution Check (Using ratio and proportion):

Ct'/532.28 = Ct'/50 : Ct'/50(532.28) =O0087(532. 28)/50

= +0.0926 m (Checks)

c) L' = L +- Ct' = 532.28 + 0.0926

= 532.37m (Correct length of measured line. The correction is added since tho tape s too long)

(Note: When MEASURING, the corroction is ADDED whon tape is TOO LONG and, SUBTRACTED when
tape is TOO SHORT)

4. CORREC TION DUE TO TEMPERATURE.A steel tape, known to be of standard length at 20• C, is used in
laying out a runway 2,500.00 m long. If its coefficient of linear expansion is O.0000116/1°C, determine
the

temperature correction and the correct length to be laid out when the temperafure is 42°C.

Solution:

Ct = CL (T - Ts) = 0.0000116(2500.00)(42-20°)

= +0.638 m (Correction for the length to be laid out due to temperature. The positive sign indicates that
tape is too long)D

L' = L +- C =2500.00 - 0.638

= 2499.36 m (Correct length to be lajd out. The correction is subtracted since the tape 13 too long)

(Note: When LAYING OUT, the correction is SUBTRACTED when tape is TO0 LONG and ADDED when tape
is TOO SHORT.)

5. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A heavy 50-m tape haying a cross-sectional area of 0.05 cm2, has
been standardized at a tension of 5.5 kg. If E = 2.1C x 106 kg/cm2, determine the elongation of the tape
if a pull of12 kg is applied.

Cp = (Pm-Ps)L/AE = (12-5.5)50/O.05(2.1Ox106) = 0.003m

1.CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30- m tape is supported only at its ends and under a steady pull of 8 kg. If
the tape weighs O.91 kg, determine the sag correction and the correct distance between the ends of the
tape.

Given:

L= 30 m (nominal length of tape)

P = 8 kg (pull applied on ends of tape)

W = O.91 kg (total weight of tape)

Solution

Cs = W2L/24 P2 = (O.91)2(30)/24 (8)2

= 0.0162 m (correction due to sag between the end supports)

L'= L- Cs = 30 - O.0162

= 29.9838 m (correct distance between the ends of the tape)

Note: The effect of sag always causes shortening of tape. Hence, the correct length between the tape
ends is determined by subtracting the sag correction from the indicated or nominal length.