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Geometric Reasoning PDF
Geometric Reasoning PDF
LEVEL 1
MATHEMATICS
Geometric Reasoning
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
MAHOBE
Published by Mahobe Resources (NZ) Ltd
Distributed free at www.mathscentre.co.nz
2
Contributors: Robert Cole, Mohsen Davoudi, Kim Freeman, Dr Sophia Huang, Tara Kelly.
This edition is Part 5 of a 6 Part eBook series designed to help you study towards NCEA.
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All rights reserved. All the views expressed in this book are those of the author. The questions and
suggested answers are the responsibility of the author and have not been moderated for use in NCEA
examinations.
3
Contents
NCEA Level 1 Mathematics - Questions & Answers
Geometric Reasoning 8
Circle Geometry 11
Exercises 14
Sample Exam 25
Answers 31
Geometric Reasoning
The Facts to Learn
a + b + c + d = 360°
60° 60°
Isosceles triangle
Equilateral triangle
2 sides the same length
3 sides the same length
2 angles the same size
3 angles the same size (60°)
« «
« «
Alternate angles
(Z angles) are equal. Corresponding angles
(F angles) are equal.
«
b°
«
Co-interior angles
(C angles) add to 180°.
When given a geometry problem don’t just concentrate on the angle you have been
asked to find. Try and find all the obvious angles according to the rules that you
can remember. Sooner or later the answer you need will be found.
If needed extend all the lines on the diagram. This can sometimes help
you see all the related angles - especially when parallel lines are
concerned.
75° 30°
45° 60° 90° 60°
60°
›
45° 60° 90°
75°
30°
75°
30º 75°
15º 60° 90° 90°
15º
›
60° 90° 90°
75° 30º
Circle Geometry
tangent
radius
bº
A triangle formed using two radii is an
isosceles triangle. bº
125º
A C D
Slid
e
Support
126° 160°
Level Ground
C E B
ACE = 54° as angles on a straight line sum to 180°
ABE = 20° as angles on a straight line sum to 180°
CAB = 180° - 20° - 54°
= 106° as angles in a triangle sum to 180°
Exercises
1. a. Calculate the size of angle CDE
A
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
C
67º . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
42º
B E
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
D
H I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
52º
K J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
84º . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
cº . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
U V
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
X W
55º Y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
A
Shape P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
C Shape H
B
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..
D
The diagram below gives the angles of a playground slide.
b. Calculate the size of the shaded angle XYZ.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
X
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
35º
U
Y
15º Z
W
Two cyclic quadrilaterals are shown below. The size of angle JKN is 95º.
c. Find the size of the angles OMN, and OPN.
d. How do we know that JK is parallel to OP?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95º
K N P
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120º
P Q
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S
70º
X B Y
Angle Size Reason
XBC 90º ..........................................
CBA ...... Adjacent angles on a line add up to 180º.
CAB 20º ..........................................
XCB 40º ..........................................
...... 50º ..........................................
N P
O
42º
M R Q
2. The figure above shows a semicircle with centre R.
RO is an axis of symmetry. The angle NMP is 42º.
Find the angle NQM. Support your answer with geometric reasons.
4. In the diagram below the points A, B, C and D lie on a circle with centre O.
Calculate the size of angle BCD. Give geometric reasons for your answer.
B
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
47º
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
A
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
58º O
C
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
D
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O
W 150º X
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cm
12
A B
10 cm
C D
15 cm
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
A
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
O
31º . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
B C
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
D
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
35º
N
108º O K
........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
AOC = 116º
(angle sum of a triangle = 180º)
BCA = 32º. (alternate angles are equal i.e. BCA and OAC)
K
L N
Q
120º
30º
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
A Y
O
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ....
You are advised to spend 25 minutes answering the questions in this section.
C Y D
Calculate the size of angle ABC giving reasons for your answers.
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
.....................................
QUESTION TWO
Stan’s step-ladder is shown in the diagram.
L
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
122°
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .K M N
QUESTION THREE
The diagram shows a regular pentagon inside a circle.
A
B
E
36° C
D
Calculate the size of BEA and DCB giving reasons for your answers.
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
QUESTION FOUR
In the diagram, PQRO is a rhombus QR is parallel to ST.
Angle TSR = 63°. Calculate the angle of ROT.
Give a geometric reason for each step leading to your answer.
Q
P
63°
R
W O T
................................................................
................................................................
QUESTION FIVE
In the diagram V, W, X and Y lie on a circle, centre O.
ZW is a tangent to the circle at W. V
Angle YVW = 65°
Angle XWZ = x°
65°
Y O
X
x° W
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
QUESTION SIX
KLM and MNO are two triangles.
Angle KLM = 32°
Angle MNO = 24°
K L
J
32°
O
Find the size of angle OMN.
45°
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
The Answers
Page 14 A
1. a. d. U V
70º 55º
C
67º 42º
67º
B E
71º 55º
D X W
55º Y
X
c.
84º
35º 75º
U 90º Y 15º Z
96º 84º
84º W
corresponding. D
A
C 20º
140º 30º
20º
70º Y
X Y
B
90º angle between tangent and radius OWY AND OXY are 90° as the angle
between the tangent and radius are
perpendicular.
WYX = 30° interior angles of a
quadrilateral sum to 360°
Page 19 E Page 20
6. P
cm 35º
36º
12
N
126º
A B 108º O 54º K
10 cm
T 19º
35º
36º
C D
15 cm
Q
EAB and ECD are similar triangles.
EA 10
This means =
12 15
8. Lines OP and OQ are radii.
This means that EA = 8 cm This means that OPQ is an isosceles
BD = CE - EA (CE = DE, AE = BE) triangle and the base angles OPQ and
= 12 cm - 8 cm OQP = 36°
= 4 cm Angle PKQ = 54° as it is angle at the
7. A circumference (½ POQ)
Angle x (PNQ) = 126° as opposite angles
59° of a cyclic quadrilateral sum to 180°.
O 118º OQT is the angle between a radius and a
31º 31º tangent = 90°.
B C
NQP = 19° angle sum of a triangle
D NQT (y° ) = 90° - 36° - 19°
= 35°
Page 22 K Page 27
L 60º 60º N
60º Question One
60º
FED = 70° angles on a straight line
30º 60º 30º
60º Q
ABC = 70° symmetry through XY
120º 120º Question Two
LMK = 58° angles on a straight line
LKM = 58° as triangle is isosceles
30º30º
KLM = 64° angle sum of a triangle
M Page 28
Question Three
9. KQN = 60° angles on a straight line BEA = 36° angles in the same segment
QKN = 60° isosceles triangle QN = QK DCB = 108° interior angles of a regular
LKN = 120° line KM is a line of pentagon.
symmetry Question Four
LKN = 2 × QKN OTS is an isosceles triangle
LMN = 60° due to line of symmetry KM STO = 63° base angles isosceles triangle
LKN + LMN = 180° ROT = 180° - 2 × 63°
KLMN = a cyclic triangle (opposite angles = 54°
of a cyclic quadrilateral sum to 180°)
Page 29
Page 23 X Question Five
10. OW is at 90° to WZ