Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates understanding The learner independently prepares

of concepts and principles in the based on established industry and/or job
preparation in civil engineering course. requirements.

Quarter I Time Allotment: 2 hrs.

Quarter II Time Allotment: 2 hrs.

UNIT 2
CIVIL ENGINEERING SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES

Introduction

This course introduces the application of natural and physical sciences in the field
of civil engineering. Engineers uses knowledge from physics and mathematics to find
suitable solution to problems at hand and weighs different design choices that best
matches the needed requirements.
The crucial and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret
the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result. It is usually not enough
to build a technically successful product; it must also meet further requirements.
This module also serves young civil engineering students to hone and widen their
knowledge on natural and physical sciences.

After giving awareness of what’s to come, are you now ready to move on to this
module? This topics are only preparation and serves as an overview for your civil
engineering course.

Have some fun reading on the prepared lessons, activities and test questions for your
reflections and better understanding of the course.

Something to ponder!

The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development

defines Engineering as: "The creative application of scientific principles to
design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing
processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct
or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their
behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended
function, economics of operation and safety to life and property."

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 LESSON 2. Application of the Natural and Physical Sciences

This lesson is designed for the students to be familiarize with the basic
knowledge needed for civil engineering

Technical terms to be encountered

 Natural Science – a branch of science which deals with the physical

world, e.g. physics, chemistry, geology, biology..
 Physical science - the sciences concerned with the study of inanimate
natural objects, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and related
subjects.

Physics - natural and physical science that involves the study of matter and its
motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.
Conducts how universe behave.

Astronomy – study of celestial objects

Chemistry – studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter.
Mathematics - the abstract science of number, quantity, and space. Mathematics
may be studied in its own right ( pure mathematics ), or as it is applied to other disciplines
such as physics and engineering ( applied mathematics ).
Science is the study of everything that exists in the entire universe. And engineers
use the knowledge that scientists gather, developing useful applications for scientific
discoveries.

Civil Engineering is a profession that applies the basic principles of Science in

conjunction with mathematical and computational tools to solve problems associated with
developing and sustaining civilized life on our planet. Civil Engineering works are
generally one-of-a-kind projects; they are often grand in scale; and they usually require
cooperation among professionals of many different disciplines. The completion of a civil
engineering project involves the solution of technical problems in which information from
numerous sources and myriad non-technical factors play a significant role. Some of the
most common examples of civil engineering works include bridges, buildings, dams,
airports, ports and harbors, highways, tunnels, towers and water distribution systems.
Civil Engineers are concerned with flood controls, landslide, air and water pollution, and
the design of facilities to withstand earthquakes and other natural hazards.

Activity 5.

Site 5 existing problems in your community which you think knowledge of

on science and mathematics applies. Discuss how science and mathematical
principle can help solve this problem.

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 LESSON 3. Basic Engineering Education and Training

This lesson is designed for the students to be familiarize with the basic education
and training needed for taking civil engineering course and for future civil engineers

Technical terms to be encountered

 BSCE – stand for Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, a program that

aims to produce competent engineers who desire to contribute to the
socio-economic growth of the country through the development of
essential and appropriate infrastructure; competent engineers who can
design structures such as buildings, roads, bridges, and dams that are
functional. The program allows for specialization in the fields of structural,
geotechnical, water resources, environmental engineering, construction
management and transportation.a branch of science which deals with the
physical world, e.g. physics, chemistry, geology, biology..
 OJT - On the Job Training., part of the course program in civil
engineering.
 PRC - Professional Regulation Commission, the agency that conduct,
mandates and regulates licenses and professional licensure examination.

Civil engineers work on construction, renovation and rebuilding projects which then
often works along with architects, technologies and other industry professionals. Work
may vary in office and or visiting site. Civil Engineering program requirements include
significant amount of formal education.
High school students may consider advanced course in mathematics in
preparation to college civil engineering program (Science, technology, engineering and
mathematics). College career generally begins with enrolling subject’s core courses
requirements like chemistry, physics and advanced mathematics courses and computer
aided design. After completing these core courses engineering students now take up
advanced topics like thermodynamics, statistic, structural analysis, design projects and
also laboratory courses.
During fourth year of the program, students are required to attend an On the Job
Training (OJT) in various developing companies specializing in civil works and
infrastructures.
To become civil engineer in the Philippines, a Civil Engineering Graduate needs
to pass the CE Licensure Examination conducted by the PRC which is scheduled twice
a year (May and November)
Graduates of Civil Engineering may pursue a career path in any development
company that focuses on civil engineering works. They may apply as a structural
engineer, project engineer, staff engineer, inspectors, associate engineer, educator, or
city planner.
Mandatory continuing education requirements to maintain a license, wherein
credits may be given from attending seminars, computer workshops and completing
online classes.

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 Civil engineers need a bachelor's degree from an accredited program and
institution. They typically need a graduate degree and a license for promotion to senior
positions. Although licensure requirements vary from state to state, civil engineers usually
must be licensed if they provide services directly to the public.
A bachelor degree is a minimum requirement for most civil engineering job which
often needs to earn a professional license.

Bachelor's Degree in Civil Engineering

Some civil engineering bachelor's degree programs allow students to choose a
specialty track in environmental engineering, water resources, structural engineering, or
geotechnical engineering. Students can expect these programs to require a minimum of
four years to complete. Students will take mathematics, chemistry, and physics classes,
as well as courses in the humanities and social sciences. Examples of course topics
include:
 Civil engineering measurements
 Structural analysis and design
 Fluid mechanics
 Engineering materials
 Hydraulic engineering
 Advanced mathematics

Master's Degree in Civil Engineering

A 2-year master's degree program in civil engineering provides advanced training
in professional civil engineering practices. Master's programs applicants will need a
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering and preparatory coursework in engineering,
science, and mathematics.
Courses provide students with specialized technical knowledge in topics relevant
to structural, environmental, transportation, and geotechnical engineering. Students work
closely with a faculty adviser to customize their civil engineering curriculum to
complement their area of focus. Common graduate civil engineering courses include:
 Water resources design
 Dynamics of structure
 Structural systems design
 Engineering construction management
 Transportation engineering

Ph.D. in Civil Engineering

Students pursuing a doctorate will need a relevant master's degree. A Ph.D. in
Civil Engineering degree program is intended for students interested in advanced
research opportunities in civil engineering. In a Ph.D. program, students can concentrate
their studies on construction, hydraulic, structural, transportation, or geotechnical
engineering. Civil engineering coursework at the doctoral level is research based and
focuses on the latest developments in the field. Advanced coursework may include:
 Traffic engineering
 Groundwater engineering
 Structural evaluations

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  Numeric analysis of engineering
 Research methods

Popular Career Options

With a bachelor's degree in civil engineering, graduates can apply for entry-level
careers designing and planning construction and maintenance projects such as roads,
bridges, dams, water systems, and airports. Although a master's degree in civil
engineering is not required for most entry-level positions in the field, a master's degree is
often essential for research, teaching and development positions. Earning a Ph.D. in civil
engineering prepares graduates for careers in the private sector or government agencies.
Graduates are also qualified to educate future generations of civil engineers by becoming
teachers. Job opportunities include:

 Project managers
 Part time / full time faculty
 Senior engineering technicians
 Researcher
 Consultant

Activity 6. Into Your Future…

Looking ahead, how will you see yourself 10-15 years from now? What
Career Option would you settle in? Make and draw Illustration as vividly as
possible.

“Start today creating a vision for yourself, your life, and your career. Bounce back
from adversity and create what you want, rebuild and rebrand. Tell yourself it's
possible along the way, have patience, and maintain peace with yourself during
the process.”
― Germany Kent

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 LESSON 4 . Civil Engineering Specialization

This lesson is designed for the students who would then be future engineers may
take different fields of specialization.

Building projects often require several types of engineering expertise

civil engineering major

Following are the field of specialization for civil engineers which students can
pursue:

1. Construction Management.
This field manages and oversee from onset to finish of project construction.
Different professionals are involved thus coordination is a must. Much of
construction management involves keeping risk to a minimum by focusing on
safety and compliance with local, state and federal building codes.

2. Environmental Engineer.
This specialty focuses specifically on building projects that improve the
environment in which they made. Many advances have been made in sustainability
in recent years, including the use of alternative energy sources like solar, wind or
water, better insulation to reduce energy usage, and plumbing fixtures that use
less water, among other methods. Positioning buildings in more sustainable ways
to take advantage of natural illumination or solar energy collection.

3. Geotechnical Engineering.
This fields main concern is the stability of the soil and rock (chemical
composition) on which project construction is made. Softer ground compared to
harder ground or rock have different building methods.

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 4. Structural Engineering.
Structural engineers ensure that buildings or other structures are stable
which can support its own weight as well as other loads applied to them. By
calculating the load that a structure is likely to encounter, structural engineers help
to determine which building materials are used and how the skeleton of the
structure is assembled.

5. Transportation Engineering.
Transportation engineers build systems like railways, subways, roads and
bridges that are used to travel or move into other destinations. Safety and capacity
are major considerations of transportation engineers.

6. Water Resources Engineering.

Providing safe and adequate drinking water may be taken for granted in the
industrialized nations of the world, but developing and developed nations alike
need water resources engineers to build the infrastructure that provides clean
water to those who depend on it for their survival.

Activity 7. Looking further…

Given a chance to take a field of specialization in civil engineering, what

would that be? Tell me about it. Using your future chosen field of specialization
what project would best be implemented in your community. Draw something
about it.

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