LANGUAGE&

COMMUNICATION
Aryo Duta | Ektada Bilhadi M | Hanina Naura F
LANGUAGE
2 Bentuk - Written and Spoken
Part of Culture
Terbentuk melalui asosiasi dari benda dan kata
yang memaknainya
Memungkinkan diskusi masa lampau dan masa
depan
Selalu berubah
 NONHUMAN PRIMATE
COMMUNICATION
Call Systems
Sistem komunikasi primata
1 Suara untuk 1 stimulasi

Sign Language
Kera bisa bahasa isyarat
Melalui bahasa isyarat belajar trait
manusia

Productivity
Cultural
and
Transmission
Displacement
 The Origin of Speech
Mutasi genetik gen FOXP2 150.000
tahun yang lalu
Menjadi kekuatan evolusi Homo
sapiens
 NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATIONS

Kinesics
Studi komunikasi melalui gerak
tubuh dan ekspresi
What is said and how it is said
Ditemukan makna implisit
THE STRUCTURE
OF LANGUAGE
Phonology:
studi suara yang terdapat dalam
bahasa
Morphology:
Studi bagaimana suara membentuk morfem
yaitu kata beserta maknanya

Syntax: Lexicon:
Studi bagaimana kata Kamus yang berisi
berpadu dalam frasa morfem dan makna-
dalam kalimat maknanya
 Speech
Sounds
Phoneme:
Pengucapan yang membuat arti
berbeda
Phonetics:
Studi suara pengucapan secara umum
Phonemics:
Studi phoneme paling signifikan
LANGUAGE,THOUGHT,
AND CULTUURE

Linguist Noam

Chomsky(1955) has argued

that the human brain

contains a limited set of

rules for organizing

language,so that all

languages have a common

stuctural basic.
 SAPIR-WHORF
HYPOTHESIS

Theory that different language produces different

patterns of thought.

Sapir and Whorf argued that the grammatical categories

of different languages lead their speakers to think about

thinngs in particular
 Specialized sets of

YRALUBACOV
LACOF
terms and distinctions

that are particularly

important to certain

groups(those with

particular fovi of

experience or activity)

MEANING
Ethnosemantics : studies such

classifiaction systems in various

languages, Well-studied

ethnosemantics domains(sets of

related things, perceptions, or

concepts named in a language

SOCIOLINGUISTICS

THE FIELDS OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS

INVESTIGATES RELATIONSHIPS

BEETWEEN SOCIAL AND

LINGUSTICS VARIATION,OR

LANGUAGE IN ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT

 LINGUISTICS
DIVERSITY
STYLE SHIFTS
Varying one's speech in different

social context

DIGLOSSIA
Language with 'high'(formal) and

'low'(informal,familial) dialects
 COMPARING MEN AND WOMEN,

THERE ARE DIFFERENCES IN

HCEEPS REDNEG
PHONOLOGY,GRAMMAR,AND

VOCABULARY AS WELL AS IN THE

BODY STANCES AND MOVEMENTS

TSARTNOC
THAT ACCOMPANY

SPEECH(ECKERT AND
LANGUAGE
AND STATUS
POSITION
•HONORIFICS : TERMS TO HONOR

PEOPLE

•E.G: DR., PROF., MR., MS, ETC.

 STRATIFICATION
•We use and evaluate

speech in the context

of extralinguistic

forces- social, political, and

economic. Some speech

patterns have come to

symbolize low or high status.

•The “relatively uniform dialect spoken by

the majority of black youth in most parts of

AFRICAN the United States” (Labov,

AMERICAN 1972).

ENGLISH •Though different from standard English,

AAVE is far from ungrammatical, rather it

VERNACULAR has it’s own complex linguistic

(AAVE) system.
HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS

•Like humans, language also evolves and

spread into different dialects and

eventually into subgroups(closely related

languages)

•By studying daughter languages (shares

a common parent language), we can

reconstruct past languages and eventually

the original language from which they

diverge also known as protolanguage

(ancestor

to several daughter languages)

Language,

Culture,

and History

•Due to factors such as migration,

close relationships between

languages does not necessarily

mean that the speakers are

culturally and/or biologically

related.
 LANGUAGE LOSS
•As new languages appear, it is inevitable

that some of the old ones will disappear and become

dead languages, “ones that

are no longer the native language of any community” (The

Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics (2nd

Edition)).

•When languages disappear cultural

diversity is reduced as well.

THANK
YOU :)))