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Chapter 2 PDF
Chapter 2 PDF
Chapter 2 PDF
CHAPTER 2:
FIELD‐EFFECT TRANSISTORS
● Three‐Channel Audio Mixer
● Silent Switching
● Phase Shift Networks
● Motion Detection System
● Similarities:
– Amplifiers
– Switching devices
– Impedance matching circuits
● Differences:
– FETs are voltage controlled devices whereas BJTs are current
controlled devices.
– FETs also have a higher input impedance, but BJTs have higher gains.
– FETs are less sensitive to temperature variations and because of their
construction they are more easily integrated on ICs.
– FETs are also generally more static sensitive than BJTs.
● JFET –– Junction Field‐Effect Transistor.
● MOSFET –– Metal‐Oxide Semiconductor Field‐Effect
Transistor.
– D‐MOSFET –– Depletion Type MOSFET.
– E‐MOSFET –– Enhancement Type MOSFET
● There are two types of D‐MOFFET.
– n‐channel
– p‐channel
● The n‐channel is more widely used.
● The drain (D) and source (S) connect to the n‐
doped regions.
● These n‐doped regions are connected via an n‐
channel.
● This n‐channel is connected to the gate (G) via a
thin insulating layer of SiO2.
● The n‐doped material lies on a p‐doped substrate
that may have an additional terminal connection
called substrate (SS).
A depletion‐type MOSFET can operate in two modes:
• Depletion mode
• Enhancement mode
The characteristics are similar to a JFET.
• When VGS = 0V, ID = IDSS
• When VGS < 0V, ID < IDSS
• The formula used to plot the transfer curve still
applies (Shockley Equation):
2
V
ID IDSS 1 GS
VP
• VGS > 0V
• ID increases above IDSS
• The formula used to
plot the transfer curve
still applies:
2
V
ID IDSS 1 GS
VP
Note that VGS is now a positive polarity.
Maximum Ratings
more…
1
Symbol
gm y fs , rd
y os
Hybrid‐ model
2
V V
ID IDSS 1 GS g m g m0 1 GS
VP VP
ID
gm
VGS VGS ID
Where 1
2I DSS VGS VP IDSS
gm 1
VP VP
V ID
g m g m0 1 GS g m0
Where VGS =0V VP IDSS
2I DSS
g m0
VP
• The gate (G) connects to the p‐doped
substrate via a thin insulating layer of
SiO2.
• There is no channel.
• The n‐doped material lies on a p‐doped
substrate that may have an additional
terminal connection called the substrate
(SS).
The E‐MOSFET only operates in the enhancement mode.
• VGS is always positive.
• As VGS increases, ID
increases.
• As VGS is kept constant
and VDS is increased, then
ID saturates (IDSS) and the
saturation level, VDS(sat) is
reached.
To determine ID given VGS:
ID k(VGS VTh )2
Where:
VT = threshold voltage or
voltage at which the
MOSFET turns on.
k = constant found in the
specification sheet.
k can also be determined by VDS(sat) can be calculated by:
using values at a specific point by
the formula: VDS(sat) VGS VTh
ID(ON)
k
(VGS(ON) VTh ) 2
The p‐channel E‐MOSFET is similar to the n‐channel, except that the voltage
polarities and current directions are reversed.
Maximum Ratings
more…
ID k VGS VTh
2
ID
gm
VGS
g m 2k VGS VTh
ID
Where VGS VTh
k
ID
g m 2k 2 kI D
k
MOSFETs are very static sensitive. Because of the very thin SiO2 layer
between the external terminals and the layers of the device, any small
electrical discharge can create an unwanted conduction.
Protection
• Always transport in a static sensitive bag.
• Always wear a static strap when handling MOSFETS.
• Apply voltage limiting devices between the gate and source, such as
back‐to‐back zeners to limit any transient voltage.
vo
I i g m v gs
(rd R D )
vi - vo
v gs v i and Ii
RF
vo Input Impedance:
I i g m v gs
(rd R D ) RF (rd RD )
Zi
vi - vo 1 gm (rd RD )
v gs v i and Ii RF
RF Zi RF rd RD ,rd 10R D
1 gmRD
Output Impedance:
Voltage Gain:
Z o RF rd RD A v gm (RF rd RD )
Z o RD RF rd ||RD ,rd 10R D A v gmRD RF rd RD ,rd 10RD
Input Impedance:
Z i R 1 R 2
Output Impedance:
Z o rd R D
Zo RD rd 10R D
Voltage Gain:
A v gm (rd RD )
A v gmRD rd 10RD
Low cutoff frequency due to coupling capacitors CC1 and CC2:
1
fL1
2 π R sig Z i C C1
1
fL2
2 π R L Z o C C2
Input and output impedances:
Zi RG and Zo RD
Low cutoff frequency due to bypass capacitor CS:
1
fLS
2 π R THCS
RS
R TH , With rd
R S 1 gm rd
1
rd RD RL
1
R TH RS , Without rd (rd = )
gm
Miller Capacitances:
A v 1
CMi Cgd 1 A V , CMo Cgd
AV
AV is a mid‐band voltage gain
Where
Ci C wi Cgs CMi ,R THi R sig R G
Higher cut‐off frequencies:
1
fHi
2 π R THiCi
1
fHo
2 π R THo Co
RD
6.8k
R1 iL
180k
Rsig C1 C2 +
60 5 F RL
isig 10 F vO
1k
-
R2
Es 4.7k CS
RS
5 F
1.8k
+3V
RD
2.2k
R1
4.7M
C1
5 F C2 +
RL
10 F vO
1k
-
R2
vi
2.2M
CS
RS
5 F
500
ID(on) = 6 mA
VGS(on) = 8 V
VGS(Th) = VTh = 3 V
rd = 50 kΩ,
(a) Draw the small‐signal ac equivalent circuit at middle frequency.
(b) Determine gm, Zi and Zo.
(c) Determine AV = vO/vi in dB.
(d) Determine the dominant high cut‐off frequency, fH .