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The following examples illustrate the Materials

design methods presented in the article
“Timesaving Design Aids for Reinforced
Concrete, Part 3: Columns and Walls,” by
David A. Fanella, which appeared in the
November 2001 edition of Structural
Engineer magazine. Unless otherwise
noted, all referenced table, figure, and
equation numbers are from that article.
The examples presented here are for
columns.
Examples for walls are available on our
Web page: www.portcement.org/buildings.
• Concrete: normal weight (150 pcf), ¾-in.
maximum aggregate, f′c = 5,000 psi
• Mild reinforcing steel: Grade 60 (fy =
60,000 psi)
Loads
• Floor framing dead load = 80 psf
• Superimposed dead loads = 30 psf
• Live load = 100 psf (floor), 20 psf (roof)
Building Data
• Typical interior bay = 30 ft x 30 ft
• Story height = 12 ft-0 in.

Example 1 The table below contains a summary of the

In this example, an interior column at the
1st floor level of a 7-story building is
designed for the effects of gravity loads.
Structural walls resist lateral loads, and
the frame is nonsway.
axial loads due to gravity. The total
factored load Pu is computed in accordance
with Sect. 9.2.1, and includes an estimate
for the weight of the column. Live load
reduction is determined from ASCE 7-98.
Moments due to gravity loads are negligible.

Floor DL (psf) LL (psf) Red. LL (psf) Pu (kips) Cum. Pu (kips)

7 80 20 20.0 142 142
6 120 100 50.0 238 380
5 120 100 42.7 227 607
4 120 100 40.0 223 830
3 120 100 40.0 223 1,053
2 120 100 40.0 223 1,276
1 120 100 40.0 223 1,499
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Use Fig. 1 to determine a preliminary size For a 22 x 22 in. column at the 1st floor
for the tied column at the 1st floor level. level:

Assuming a reinforcement ratio ρg = Pu /Ag = 1,499/484 = 3.10 ksi

0.020, obtain Pu /Ag ≈ 3.0 ksi (f′c = 5 ksi).
From Fig. 1, required ρg = 0.026, or
Since Pu = 1,499 kips, the required Ag =
1,499/3.0 = 499.7 in.2 As = 0.026 x 22 x 22 = 12.58 in.2

Try a 22 x 22 in. column (Ag = 484 in.2) Try 8-No. 11 bars (As = 12.48 in.2)
with a reinforcement ratio ρg greater than
0.020. Check Eq. (10-2) of ACI 318-99:

Check if slenderness effects need to be φPn(max) = 0.80φ[0.85f’c (Ag – Ast) + fy Ast]

considered.
Since the column is part of a nonsway
frame, slenderness effects can be
neglected when the unsupported column
length is less than or equal to 12h, where
h is the column dimension (Sect. 10.12.2).
12h = 12 x 22 = 264 in. = 22 ft > 12 ft
story height, which is greater than the
unsupported length of the column.
Therefore, slenderness effects can be
neglected.
Use Fig. 1 to determine the required area
of longitudinal reinforcement.
φPn(max) = 1,542 kips > 1,499 kips O.K.
From Table 1, 5-No. 11 bars can be
accommodated on the face of a 22-in. wide
column with normal lap splices and No. 4
ties. In this case, only 3-No. 11 bars are
provided per face.
Use 8-No. 11 bars (ρ = 2.58%).
Determine required ties and spacing.
According to Sect. 7.10.5.1, No. 4 ties are
required when No. 11 longitudinal bars are
used.
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22 − 2 1.5 + 0.5 +

According to Sect. 7.10.5.2, spacing of 1.41 

ties shall not exceed the least of:
Clear space =  2  − 1.41
2
16 long. bar diameters = 16 x 1.41 = 6.885 in.
16 long. bar diameters = 22.6 in.
Since the clear space between longitudinal
48 tie bar diameters = 48 x 0.5 bars > 6 in., cross-ties are required per
48 tie bar diameters = 24 in. Sect. 7.10.5.3.

Least column dimension = 22 in. (governs) Reinforcement details are shown below.

Check clear spacing of longitudinal bars: See Sect. 7.8 for additional special
reinforcement details for columns.

8-No. 11

22″

No. 4 ties @ 22″

22″
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Example 2 • Point 2 (fs1 = 0)

In this example, a simplified interaction Layer 1:

diagram is constructed for an 18″ x 18″ d
1 − C 2 1 = 1 − 1 (1) = 0
tied column reinforced with 8-No. 9 Grade d1
60 bars (ρg = 8/182 = 0.0247). Concrete
compressive strength = 4 ksi. Layer 2:
1 − C 2 2 = 1 − 1 
d 9.00 
 = 0.42
Use Fig. 3 to determine the 5 points on d1  15.56 
the interaction diagram.
Layer 3:
• Point 1: Pure compression
1 − C 2 3 = 1 − 1 
d 2.44 
 = 0.84
d1  15.56 
φPn(max) = 0.80 φA g [ 0.85 fc′
+ ρ g ( fy − 0.85 fc′ )] Since 1 – C2 (d3 /d1) > 0.69, the steel in
layer 3 has yielded.
= 0.56 × 18 2 [( 0.85 × 4 )
+ 0.0247 (60 − (0.85 × 4 ))] Therefore, set 1 – C2 (d3 /d1) = 0.69 to
= 871 kips ensure that the stress in the bars in
layer 3 is equal to 60 ksi.
1.5″ (typ.)
d3 = 2.44″

18″
No. 3 tie
d2 = 9.00″

3-No. 9
d1 = 15.56″

18″

2-No. 9

3-No. 9
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 n  di   • Point 3 (fs1 = -0.5fy)

φPn = φ C 1d 1b + 87 ∑ A si  1 − C 2 
 i=1  d 1  
Layer 1:
d
= 0.70 {(2.89 × 15.56 × 18) 1 − C 2 1 = 1 − 1.34 (1) = −0.34
d1
+ 87[(3 × 0) + (2 × 0.42)
+ (3 × 0.69)]} Layer 2:
= 0.70 (809 .4 + 253 .2) d
1 − C 2 2 = 1 − 1.34  9.00  = 0.23
 
= 744 kips d1  15.56 

Layer 3:
  βd 
φMn = φ 0.5C 1d 1b h − 1 1 
1 − C 2 3 = 1 − 1.34 
d 2.44 
  C2   = 0.79
d1  15.56 
 d i  h 
 − di   / 12
n
+ 87 ∑ A si  1 − C 2
i=1  d 1  2  Use 0.69

= 0.70{[( 0.5 × 2.89 × 15.56 × 18)  n  di  

φPn = φ C 1d 1b + 87 ∑ A si  1 − C 2 
 i=1  d 1  
0.85 × 15.56  
×  18 − 
 1.00 
+ 87[(3 × 0)(9 − 15.56) = 0.70 {(2.15 × 15.56 × 18)
+ (2 × 0.42)(9 − 9) + 87[(3 × -0.34 ) + (2 × 0.23)
+ (3 × 0.69)(9 − 2.44 )]} / 12 + (3 × 0.69)]}
= 0.70(602 .2 + 131 .4 )
= 0.70 (1, 932 .1 + 1, 181 .4 ) / 12 = 514 kips
= 182 ft - kips
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  βd  Layer 3:
φMn = φ 0.5C 1d 1b h − 1 1 
1 − C 2 3 = 1 − 1.69 
d 2.44 
  C2   = 0.74
d1  15.56 
 d i  h 
 − di   / 12
n
+ 87 ∑ A si  1 − C 2 Use 0.69
i=1  d 1  2 
 n  d 
φPn = φ C 1d 1b + 87 ∑ A si  1 − C 2 i  
= 0.70{[( 0.5 × 2.15 × 15.56 × 18)  d1 
 i=1
0.85 × 15.56  
×  18 − 
 1.34  = 0.70 {(1.71 × 15.56 × 18)
+ 87[(3 × -0.34 )(9 − 15.56) + 87[(3 × -0.69) + (2 × 0.02)
+ (2 × 0.23)(9 − 9) + (3 × 0.69)]}
+ (3 × 0.69)(9 − 2.44 )]} / 12 = 0.70 ( 478 .9 + 3.5) = 338 kips

= 0.70 (2, 447 .8 + 1, 763 .5) / 12   βd 

= 246 ft - kips φMn = φ 0.5C 1 d 1b h − 1 1 
  C2 
 d  h 
+ 87 ∑ A si  1 − C 2 i  − d i   / 12
n
• Point 4 (fs1 = -fy)
i=1  d 1  2 
Layer 1:
d
1 − C 2 1 = 1 − 1.69 (1) = −0.69 = 0.70{[( 0.5 × 1.71 × 15.56 × 18)
d1 0.85 × 15.56  
×  18 − 
 1.69 
Layer 2: + 87[(3 × -0.69)(9 − 15.56)
1 − C 2 2 = 1 − 1.69 
d 9.00 
 = 0.02 + (2 × 0.02)(9 − 9)
d1  15.56 
+ (3 × 0.69)(9 − 2.44 )]} / 12
= 0.70 (2, 436 .3 + 2, 362 .8) / 12
= 280 ft - kips
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• Point 5: Pure bending fs2 = E s ε s2

= 29, 000 × ( −0.0038 ) = −108 .8 ksi
Use iterative procedure to determine > -60 ksi, use fs2 = −60 ksi
φMn.

Try c = 4.0 in. Ts2 = As2 fs2 = 2 × ( −60) = −120 kips

c − d1 
ε s 1 = 0.003 
c − d1 
 ε s 3 = 0.003  
 c   c 
4 − 2.44 
= 0.003 
4 − 15.56 
 = 0.003  
 4   4 
= −0.0087 = 0.0012

fs 1 = E s ε s 1 fs 3 = E s ε s 3
= 29, 000 × (−0.0087 ) = −251 .4 ksi = 29, 000 × 0.0012 = 33 .9 ksi
> - 60 ksi, use fs1 = −60 ksi
C s3 = A s 3 fs 3 = 3 × 33 .9 = 102 kips
Ts1 = As 1 fs 1 = 3 × (−60) = −180 kips
C c = 0.85 fc′ ab
c − d1  = 0.85 × 4 × (0.85 × 4 ) × 18
ε s2 = 0.003  
 c  = 208 kips
4 − 9
= 0.003  
 4  Total T = (-180) + (-120) = -300 kips
= −0.0038
Total C = 102 + 208 = 310 kips

Since T ≈ C, use c = 4.0 in.

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Mns 1 = Ts 1  − d 1 
h Compare simplified interaction diagram to
2  interaction diagram generated from the
PCA computer program PCACOL.
= (−180 ) − 15.56  / 12
18
2 
= 98.4 ft - kips The comparison is shown on the next page.
As can be seen from the figure, the
comparison between the exact (black line)
Mns 2 = Ts2  − d2 
h
and simplified (red line) interaction
2  diagrams is very good.
= (−120 ) − 9  / 12
18
2 
=0

Mns 3 = C s 3  − d 3 
h
2 
= 102  − 2.44  / 12
18
2 
= 55.8 ft - kips

3
Mn = 0.5C c (h − a) + ∑ Mnsi
i=1
= [ 0.5 × 208 × (18 − 3.4 )] / 12 + 154 .2
= 280 .7 ft - kips

φMn = 0.9 × 280 .7 = 253 ft - kips

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Beams and One-Way Slabs

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Page 1 of 6

The following example illustrates the Example Building

design methods presented in the article
“Timesaving Design Aids for Reinforced
Concrete, Part 1: Beams and One-way
Slabs,” by David A. Fanella, which
appeared in the August 2001 edition of
Structural Engineer magazine. Unless
otherwise noted, all referenced table,
figure, and equation numbers are from
that article.
Below is a partial plan of a typical floor in a
cast-in-place reinforced concrete building.
The floor framing consists of wide-module
joists and beams. In this example, the
beams are designed and detailed for the
combined effects of gravity and lateral
(wind) loads according to ACI 318-99.

30′-0″ 30′-0″ 30′-0″

32′-6″
32′-6″

18″x18″ (typ.) 24″x 24″ (typ.)

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Design Data  15 
L = L o  0.25 + 

 K LL A T 
Materials
• Concrete: normal weight (150 pcf), ¾ -
From Table 4.2 of ASCE 7-98, KLL = live
in. maximum aggregate, f′c = 4,000 psi load element factor = 2 for interior beams
• Mild reinforcing steel: Grade 60 (fy =
60,000 psi) AT = tributary area = 32.5 x 30 = 975 ft2

Loads KLLAT = 2 x 975 = 1,950 ft2 > 400 ft2

• Joists (16 + 4½ x 6 + 66) = 76.6 psf
• Superimposed dead loads = 30 psf  15 
• Live load = 100 psf L = L o  0.25 + = 0.59L o
 1,950 
• Wind loads: per ASCE 7-98
Since the beams support only one floor, L
Gravity Load Analysis shall not be less than 0.50Lo.

The coefficients of ACI Sect. 8.3 are
utilized to compute the bending moments
and shear forces along the length of the
beam. From preliminary calculations, the
beams are assumed to be 36 x 20.5 in.
Live load reduction is taken per ASCE 7-
98.
Therefore, L = 0.59 x 100 = 59 psf.
Total factored load wu:
wu = 1.4(76.6 + 23.7 + 30) + 1.7(59)
= 282.7 psf
= 282.7 x 32.5/1,000 = 9.19 klf

36 × 20.5
× 150 Factored reactions per ACI Sect. 8.3:
Beam weight = 144 = 23.7 psf
32.5
Neg. Mu at ext. support = wuln2/16
Live load reduction per ASCE 7-98 Sect. = 9.19 x 28.252/16
4.8.1: = 458.4 ft-kips
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Pos. Mu at end span = wuln2/14 Design for Flexure

= 9.19 x 28.252/14
= 523.9 ft-kips Sizing the cross-section

Neg. Mu at int. col. = wuln2/10* Per ACI Table 9.5(a), minimum thickness =
= 9.19 x 28.1252/10 l/18.5 = (30 x 12)/18.5 = 19.5 in.
= 726.9 ft-kips
Since joists are 20.5 in. deep, use 20.5-in.
Pos. Mu at int. span = wuln2/16 depth for the beams for formwork economy.
= 9.19 x 282/16
= 450.3 ft-kips With d = 20.5 – 2.5 = 18 in., solve Eq. (2)
for b using maximum Mu along span (note:
gravity moment combination governs):
Vu at exterior col. = wuln/2
= 9.19 x 28.25/2
bd2 = 20Mu
= 129.8 kips
b = 20 x 726.9/182 = 44.9 in. > 36 in.
This implies that using a 36-in. wide beam,
Vu at interior col. = 1.15wuln/2 ρ will be greater than 0.5ρmax.
= 1.15 x 129.8
= 149.3 kips Check minimum width based on ρ = ρmax
(see Chapter 3 of the PCA publication
Wind Load Analysis Simplified Design of Reinforced Concrete
Buildings of Moderate Size and Height for
As noted above, wind forces are computed derivation):
per ASCE 7-98. Calculations yield the
following reactions: bd2 = 13Mu
b = 13 x 726.9/182 = 29.2 in. < 36 in.
Mw = ± 90.3 ft-kips This implies that ρ will be less than ρmax.
Vw = 6.0 kips

*Average of adjacent clear spans Use 36 x 20.5 in. beam.

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Required Reinforcement

Beam moments along the span are

summarized in the table below.

End Span Interior span

Load Case Location
(ft-kips) (ft-kips)
Exterior negative -211.2 
Dead (D) Positive 241.4 207.5
Interior negative -335.0 -301.8
Exterior negative -95.6 
Live (L) Positive 109.3 94.0
Interior negative -151.7 -136.7
Exterior negative ± 90.3 
Wind (W) Positive  
Interior negative ± 90.3 ± 90.3
No. Load Combination
Exterior negative -458.4 
1 1.4D + 1.7L Positive 523.9 450.3
Interior negative -726.9 -654.9
Exterior negative -228.5 
-458.8
2 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W) Positive 392.8 337.7
Interior negative -660.3 -376.1
-430.0 -606.3
Exterior negative -72.7 
-307.5
3 0.9D + 1.3W Positive 217.3 186.8
Interior negative -418.9 -154.2
-184.1 -389.0
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Eq. (6) is used to determine the required ensure that the number of bars chosen
reinforcement, which is summarized in the conform to the code requirements for cover
table below. Tables 1 and 2 are utilized to and spacing.

Location Mu (ft-kips) As (in.2)* Reinforcement

Exterior negative -458.8 6.37 8-No. 8
End Span Positive 523.9 7.28 10-No. 8
Interior negative -726.9 10.10 13-No. 8
Interior Span Positive 450.3 6.25 8-No. 8
* A s = M u /4d

Min. A s = 3 4,000 × 36 × 18/60,000 = 2.05 in. 2

= 200 × 36 × 18/60,000 = 2.16 in. 2 (governs)

Max. A s = 0.0214 × 36 × 18 = 13.87 in. 2

For example, at the exterior negative
location in the end span, the required As =
Mu/4d = 458.8/(4 x 18) = 6.37 in.2 Eight
No. 8 bars provides 6.32 in.2 (say OK;
less than 1% difference). From Table 1, the
minimum number of No. 8 bars for a 36-
in. wide beam is 5. Similarly, from Table 2,
the maximum number of No. 8 bars is 16.
Therefore, 8-No. 8 bars are adequate.
Design for Shear
Shear design is illustrated by determining
the requirements at the exterior face of
the interior column.
Vu = 1.4D + 1.7L = 149.3 kips (governs)
Vu at d from face = 149.3 – 9.19(18/12)
= 135.5 kips
Max. (φVc + φVs ) = φ10 fc′ b w d = 348.4 kips
φVc = φ2 fc′ b w d = 69.7 kips
Required φVs = 135.5 – 69.7 = 65.8 kips
From Table 4, No. 5 U-stirrups at d/3
provides φVs = 94 kips > 65.8 kips.
Length over which stirrups are required =
[149.3 – (69.7/2)]/9.19 = 12.45 ft from
face of support.
Use No. 5 stirrups @ 6 in.
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Reinforcement Details required bar lengths due to wind effects.

The figure below shows the reinforcement
details for the beam. The bar lengths are
computed from Fig. 8-3 of the PCA
publication Simplified Design of Reinforced
Concrete Buildings of Moderate Size and
Height. In lieu of computing the bar
lengths in accordance with ACI Sects.
12.10 through 12.12, 2-No. 5 bars are
provided within the center portion of the
span to account for any variations in
For overall economy, it may be worthwhile to
forego the No. 5 bars and determine the
actual bar lengths per the above ACI
sections.
Since the beams are part of the primary
lateral-load-resisting system, ACI Sect.
12.11.2 requires that at least one-fourth of
the positive moment reinforcement extend
into the support and be anchored to
develop fy in tension at the face of the
support.

1′-6″ 7′-1″ 9′-6″ 2′-0″

A
8-No. 8 2-No. 5 13-No. 8 Class A tension splice

20.5″
Standard
hook (typ.) 5-No. 8
3-No. 8 7-No. 8 A 3′-6″ 3′-6″ 3-No. 8
15-No. 5 @ 9″ 26-No. 5 @ 6″
2″ 2″
6″ 30′-0″

13-No. 8 4½″

No. 5 U-stirrups 16″

10-No. 8

1½″ clear (typ.) 36″

Section A-A
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Two-Way Slabs

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The following example illustrates the Example Building

design methods presented in the article
“Timesaving Design Aids for Reinforced
Concrete, Part 2: Two-way Slabs,” by
David A. Fanella, which appeared in the
October 2001 edition of Structural
Engineer magazine. Unless otherwise
noted, all referenced table, figure, and
equation numbers are from that article.
Below is a partial plan of a typical floor in a
cast-in-place reinforced concrete building. In
this example, an interior strip of a flat
plate floor system is designed and detailed
for the effects of gravity loads according
to ACI 318-99.

20′-0″ 20′-0″ 20′-0″

24′-0″

Design strip
24′-0″

20″x 20″ (typ.) 24″x 24″ (typ.)

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Design Data From Fig. 2, d/c1 ≈ 0.39

Materials d = 0.39 x 20 = 7.80 in.

• Concrete: normal weight (150 pcf), ¾-
in. maximum aggregate, f′c = 4,000 psi h = 7.80 + 1.25 = 9.05 in.
• Mild reinforcing steel: Grade 60 (fy =
60,000 psi) Try preliminary h = 9.0 in.

Loads Design for Flexure

• Superimposed dead loads = 30 psf
• Live load = 50 psf
Minimum Slab Thickness
Longest clear span ln = 24 – (20/12) =
22.33 ft
From Fig. 1, minimum thickness h per ACI
Table 9.5(c) = ln/30 = 8.9 in.
Use Fig. 2 to determine h based on shear
requirements at edge column assuming a
9 in. slab:
wu = 1.4(112.5 + 30) + 1.7(50) = 284.5 psf
A = 24 x [(20 + 1.67)/2] = 260 ft2
Use Fig. 3 to determine if the Direct Design
Method of ACI Sect. 13.6 can be utilized to
compute the bending moments due to the
gravity loads:
• 3 continuous spans in one direction,
more than 3 in the other O.K.
• Rectangular panels with long-to-short
span ratio = 24/20 = 1.2 < 2 O.K.
• Successive span lengths in each
direction are equal O.K.
• No offset columns O.K.
• L/D = 50/(112.5 + 30) = 0.35 < 2 O.K.
• Slab system has no beams N.A.
Since all requirements are satisfied, the
Direct Design Method can be used.

A/c12 = 260/1.672 = 93.6

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Total panel moment Mo in end span: For simplicity, use Mo = 282.2 ft-kips for all
spans.
w u l 2 l 2n 0.285 × 24 × 18.167 2
Mo = = Division of the total panel moment Mo into
8 8
negative and positive moments, and then
= 282 .2 ft - kips column and middle strip moments, involves
the direct application of the moment
Total panel moment Mo in interior span: coefficients in Table 1.

w u l 2 l 2n 0.285 × 24 × 18.0 2
Mo = =
8 8
= 277 .0 ft - kips

Slab End Spans Int. Span

Moments
(ft-kips) Ext. neg. Positive Int. neg. Positive

Total
73.4 146.7 197.5 98.8
Moment
Column
73.4 87.5 149.6 59.3
Strip
Middle
0 59.3 48.0 39.5
Strip
Note: All negative moments are at face of support.
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Required slab reinforcement.

Mu b* d** As† Min. As‡ +

Span Location Reinforcement
(ft-kips) (in.) (in.) (in.2) (in.2)
End Span
Ext. neg. 73.4 120 7.75 2.37 1.94 12-No. 4
Column
Positive 87.5 120 7.75 2.82 1.94 15-No. 4
Strip
Int. Neg. 149.6 120 7.75 4.83 1.94 25-No. 4
Ext. neg. 0.0 168 7.75 --- 2.72 14-No. 4
Middle
Positive 59.3 168 7.75 1.91 2.72 14-No. 4
Strip
Int. Neg. 48.0 168 7.75 1.55 2.72 14-No. 4
Interior Span
Column
Positive 59.3 120 7.75 1.91 1.94 10-No. 4
Strip
Middle
Positive 39.5 168 7.75 1.27 2.72 14-No. 4
Strip
*Column strip width b = (20 x 12)/2 = 120 in.
*Middle strip width b = (24 x 12) – 120 = 168 in.
**Use average d = 9 – 1.25 = 7.75 in.
†As = Mu /4d where Mu is in ft-kips and d is in inches
‡Min. As = 0.0018bh = 0.0162b; Max. s = 2h = 18 in. or 18 in. (Sect. 13.3.2)
+
For maximum spacing: 120/18 = 6.7 spaces, say 8 bars
168/18 = 9.3 spaces, say 11 bars

Design for Shear Check slab reinforcement at exterior column

Check slab shear and flexural strength at
edge column due to direct shear and
unbalanced moment transfer.
for moment transfer between slab and
column.
Portion of total unbalanced moment
transferred by flexure = γfMu
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b1 = 20 + (7.75/2) = 23.875 in. Provide the required 8-No. 4 bars by

concentrating 8 of the column strip bars
b2 = 20 + 7.75 = 27.75 in. (12-No. 4) within the 47 in. slab width over
the column.
b1 /b2 = 0.86
Check bar spacing:
From Fig. 5, γf = 0.62*
For 8-No. 4 within 47 in. width: 47/8 =
γfMu = 0.62 x 73.4 = 45.5 ft-kips 5.9 in. < 18 in. O.K.

Required As = 45.5/(4 x 7.75) = 1.47 in.2
Number of No. 4 bars = 1.47/0.2 = 7.4,
say 8 bars
Must provide 8-No. 4 bars within an
effective slab width = 3h + c2 = (3 x 9) +
20 = 47 in.
For 4-No. 4 within 120 – 47 = 73 in. width:
73/4 = 18.25 in. > 18 in.
Add 1 additional bar on each side of the
47 in. strip; the spacing becomes 73/6 =
12.2 in. < 18 in. O.K.
Reinforcement details at this location are
shown in the figure on the next page (see
Fig. 6).

∗
The provisions of Sect. 13.5.3.3 may be utilized; however, they are not in this example.
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5′-6″

3-No. 4
Column strip – 10′-0″

3′-11″

8-No. 4
1′-8″

3-No. 4

Check the combined shear stress at the moment transferred by eccentricity of

inside face of the critical transfer section. shear must be 0.3Mo = 0.3 x 282.2 =
84.7 ft-kips (Sect. 13.6.3.6).
V γ M
vu = u + v u
Ac J/c γv = 1 – γf = 1 – 0.62 = 0.38

Factored shear force at edge column: c2 /c1 = 1.0

Vu = 0.285[(24 x 10.83) – (1.99 x 2.31)] c1 /d = 20/7.75 = 2.58

Vu = 72.8 kips
When the end span moments are
determined from the Direct Design
Method, the fraction of unbalanced
Interpolating from Table 7, f1 = 9.74 and
f2 = 5.53
Ac = f1 d2 = 9.74 x 7.752 = 585.0 in.2
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J/c = 2f2d3 = 2 x 5.53 x 7.753 = 5,148 in.3 bo /d = [(2 x 23.875) + 27.75]/7.75 = 9.74
βc = 1
72, 800 0.38 × 84.7 × 12, 000
vu = +
585 .0 5, 148 φvc = 215 psi > vu = 199.4 psi OK
v u = 124 .4 + 75 .0 = 199 .4 psi
Reinforcement Details
Determine allowable shear stress φvc from
The figures below show the reinforcement
Fig. 4b:
details for the column and middle strips.
The bar lengths are determined from
bo /d = (2b1 + b2)/d
Fig. 13.3.8 of ACI 318-99.
1′-8″ 5′-6″ 5′-6″ 2′-0″ 5′-6″
3′-8″ 3′-8″
12-No. 4

14-No. 4 13-No. 4

Standard
hook (typ.)
6″ 2-No. 4 13-No. 4 Class A tension splice

Column strip
20′-0″

1′-8″ 4′-0″ 4′-0″ 2′-0″ 4′-0″

14-No. 4 14-No. 4
Standard
hook (typ.) 6″

7-No. 4
6″ 7-No. 4 7-No. 4 7-No. 4
3′-0″
Middle strip
20′-0″