Entry Exam – PhD

Chemical Engineering Department

University of Baghdad
Date 23/6/2019 (1st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

Q.1 Choose the right answer of the following articles: (60 marks)

1. Momentum is transferred through the fluid by _______________________.

(a) molecular and convective (b) molecular only (c) convective only (d) none of the above.

2. Newton’s law of viscosity applies on _______________________.

(a) non-Newtonian fluids (b) dilatant fluids (c) Newtonian fluids (d) polymeric fluids.

3. The momentum tensor is of _____________________.

(a) three components (b) four components (c) six components (d) nine components.

4. The equation of continuity is another version of ________________.

(a) momentum balance (b) force balance (c) heat balance (d) mass balance.

5. The equation of motion is another version of _______________________.

(a) momentum balance (b) force balance (c) heat balance (d) mass balance.

6. The division of velocity vx on a known velocity vo is __________________ .

(a) a dimensionless velocity (b) a characteristic length (c) 1 (d) depends on the problem

7. The velocity distribution near a solid surface occurs in the ________________.

(a) bulk (b) boundary layer (c) both the bulk and the boundary layer (d) none of the above.

8. To obtain velocity profile for flow through a circular tube ________________________.

(a) Cartesian coordinates are used (b) cylindrical coordinates are used (c ) spherical coordinates are used
(d) all of the above

9. In unsteady state heat transfer by conduction in the y-direction, a partial differential equation is used to
find the temperature distribution with time and distance as__________________.
𝜕𝑇 𝜕2 𝑇 𝜕𝑦 𝜕2 𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝜕2 𝑇
(a) = 𝑁𝑢 (b) = 𝐷𝐻 (c ) = 𝐷𝐻
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 2

10. Heisler figures are used to find the center and off-center temperature for different shapes bodies
depending on __________________________.
(a) Biot and Fourier numbers. (b) Biot and Nusselt numbers. (c) Biot number only.

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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 23/6/2019 (1st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

11. In boiling heat transfer __________________________.

(a) non-wettable surface is where the vapor bubbles spread out.
(b) partially-wettable surface is where vapor bubbles rise from large number of sites.
(c) entirely wetted surface where vapor bubbles leave when they are very small.
(d) all of the above are true.

12. For finned heat exchanger an equation is used to find the temperature distribution through the fin.
(a) 𝜃 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝑚𝑥 (b) 𝜃 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 − 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝑚𝑥 (c ) 𝜃 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑚/𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝑚/𝑥

13. The rate of heat flow around a hot pipe across which air is passed is ___________________.
(a) Not uniform but is a maximum at the front and rear, and a minimum at the sides.
(b) Uniform but is a maximum at the front and rear, and a minimum at the sides.
(c ) Not uniform but is a minimum at the front and rear, and a minimum at the sides.

14. In natural convection, Grashof number is used. It can be represented by _________________.

𝛽𝑔∆𝑇𝑥 3 𝜌2 𝛽𝑔∆𝑇𝑥 3 𝜇 2 ∆𝑇𝑥 3 𝜌2
(a) (b) (c)
𝜇2 𝜌2 𝜇2

15. If a vapour condenses on a vertical surface, the condensate film flows downwards under
the influence of ________________________.
(a) Gravity, although it is retarded by the viscosity of the liquid. (b) Velocity of the condensed vapor.
(c ) Difference in temperature.

16. Emissivity of real materials is defined as __________________.

(a) The ratio of the radiation per unit area emitted from a black surface to that of a grey surface at different
temperatures, always less than unity.
(b) The ratio of the radiation per unit area emitted from a "real" or from a grey surface to that emitted by a
black body at the same temperature, always less than unity.
(c) The ratio of the radiation per unit area emitted from a "real" or from a grey surface to that emitted by a
black body at the same temperature, always more than unity.

17. Which of the following plays an important role in problems of simultaneous heat and mass transfer?
(a) Lewis number (b) Schmidt number ( c) Prandtl number (d) Sherwood number

18. Mass transfer coefficient of liquid is ___________________.

(a) affected more by temperature than that for gases
(b) affected much less by temperature than that for gases
(c ) not affected by the temperature
(d) none of these

19. The relative volatility of a binary mixture at the azeotropic composition is ________________.
(a) 1 (b) > 1 (c ) < 1 (d) ∞

20. Langmuir equation is associated with __________________.

(a) adsorption (b) absorption ( c ) leaching (d) multicomponent distillation

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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 23/6/2019 (1st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

21. The term activated means _____________________.

(a) Temperature dependency (b) Pressure dependency
(c) Volume dependency (d) None of the mentioned

22. Overall efficiency of the tray column is__________________.

(a) the ratio of number of ideal plates to actual plates.
(b) always more than the point efficiency.
(c ) same as the Murphree efficiency.
(d) the ratio of number of actual plates to ideal plates.

23. Mass transfer rate between two fluid phases does not necessarily depend on the ___________of the two
phases..
a. chemical properties. b. degree of turbulence.
c. interfacial area. d. physical properties.

24. Most important factor to be considered in the selection of packings for absorber is the ___________ of
packing.
(a) porosity (b) size (c ) cost (d) durability

25. What is the temperature progression in plug flow reactor would you recommended if the desired product
is U for the following scheme of elementary reactions_____________________.
(a) Low
temperature
(b) High temperature
(c )Falling temperature
(d) Rising temperature

26. Reactant A converted into product through second order reaction with certain amount in one mixed flow
reactor. The operator plans to place it with plug flow reactor with same volume. For the same amount
treatment rate, what is the effect of the new reactor on the conversion of the limiting reactant?
(a) Increase the conversion (b) Decrease the conversion
(c ) No effect on the conversion (d) The reactor will be failed

27. In quantitative analysis of a certain reaction ( A  R ), instantaneous fractional yield of R can be defined
as_____________.
(a) Moles of R formed/final moles of A+R (b) Moles of R formed/final moles of A only
(c ) Moles of R formed/initial moles of A only (d) Moles of R formed /reacted moles of A

28. Most liquid-phase reactions can be classified as________________________.

(a) Homogeneous non-catalytic. (b) Homogeneous catalytic .
(c ) Heterogeneous non-catalytic. (d) Heterogeneous catalytic.
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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 23/6/2019 (1st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

29. Reaction with positive order (n > 1) and high conversion of limiting reactant material is required. For
maximum reactor performance and minimum reactor size, it is preferred to use___________________.
(a) Plug flow reactor. (b) Mixed flow reactor.
(c ) Batch reactor. (d) Any one of the previous works fine.

30. A space-time of 2 minutes means that_____________________________.

(a) One reactor volume of feed is being treated by the reactor every two minutes .
(b) Two reactor volumes of feed are being fed into the reactor every one minute.
(c ) All reaction conditions change every two minutes.
(d) None of the above!

𝑘1 𝑘2
31. The favorable contacting pattern for a set of irreversible reactions in series (𝐴 → 𝑅 → 𝑆) that gives
maximum amount of intermediate component is___________________.
(a) Plug flow reactor.
(b) Plug flow reactor with high recycle ratio.
(c ) Mixed flow reactor.
(d) Maximum amount of intermediate component does not affected by reactor type.

𝑜 𝑜
32. For the reversible reaction A↔R (∆𝐺298𝐾 = -14130 J/mole, ∆𝐻298𝐾 = -75300 J/mole, CpA = CpR =
constant). The increasing in reaction temperature from 25° C to 85° C, will cause decreasing in equilibrium
conversion (XAe) from 0.993 to___________________.
(a) 0.892 (b) 0.791 (c ) 0.648 (d) 0.481

33. At constant temperature and pressure, for one mole of a pure substance, the ratio of the free energy to the
chemical potential is_____________________.

(a) Zero (b) One (c) Infinity (d) Negative

34. Equilibrium constant decreases as the temperature____________________.

(a) Increases, for an exothermic reaction. (b) Decreases, for an exothermic reaction.
(c ) Increases, for an endothermic reaction. (d) None of these.

35. Linde gas liquefaction process employs cooling______________________.

(a) by throttling (b) by expansion in an engine
(c ) at constant pressure (d) none of these

36. Degree of freedom at triple point will be

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c ) 2 (d) 3

37. Which of the following is not an intensive property?

(a) Chemical potential (b) Surface tension (c ) Heat capacity (d) None of these
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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 23/6/2019 (1st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

38. The theoretical minimum work required to separate one mole of a liquid mixture at 1 atm, containing 50
mole % each of n- heptane and n- octane into pure compounds each at 1 atm is________________.
(a) -2 RT ln 0.5 (b) –RT ln 0.5 (c ) 0.5 RT (d) 2 RT

39. A refrigerator may be termed as a_________________.

(a) heat pump (b) heat engine (c ) Carnot engine (d) none of these

40. For a stable phase at constant pressure and temperature, the fugacity of each component in a binary system
__________ as its mole fraction increases.
(a) decreases (b) increases (c ) remains same (d) decreases linearly
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q.2 Answer the following questions (40%)
a. Compute the dynamic viscosity of a fluid in the Newton’s experiment subjected to a momentum flux of
1.46× 10-2 N/m2 and a velocity gradient between the two plates of - 1000 s-1 .

b. By dimensional analysis, derive a relationship for the heat transfer coefficient h for natural convection
between a surface and a fluid on the assumption that the coefficient is a function of the following variables: k
= thermal conductivity of the fluid, Cp = specific heat of the fluid, ρ = density of the fluid, μ = viscosity of
the fluid, βg = the product of the coefficient of cubical expansion of the fluid and the acceleration due to
gravity, L = a characteristic dimension of the surface, and ΔT = the temperature difference between the fluid
and the surface. Indicate why each of these quantities would be expected to influence the heat transfer
coefficient and explain how the orientation of the surface affects the process. Under what conditions is heat
transfer by natural convection important in Chemical Engineering?

c. Briefly explain:
(1) Equilibrium in “Mass Transfer”?
(2) Overall and individual mass transfer coefficient?
(3) HETP

d. Prove that the space-time of plug-flow reactor is equal to the space time of infinity numbers of equal size
mixed flow reactors. (Assume first order reaction).

e. The enthalpy of a binary liquid system of species 1 and 2 at fixed T and P is represented by the equation:

where H is in J/mol. Determine expressions for and as functions of x1, numerical values for the pure-
species enthalpies H1 and H2, and numerical values for the partial enthalpies at infinite dilution and

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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 23/6/2019 (1st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

f. Find the inverse of the function

2𝑆 2 +3S+4
F(s)= (S−2)(𝑆 2 +2S+2)

g. Solve the equation:

( x+3x .siny )dx + 𝑥 2 .cosy dy =0

h. A metal rod is protruding from a furnace wall and its free end is thermally insulated, as shown in figure
below. Find the unsteady state equation for this case. Given that; Metal density= ρ, Metal thermal
conductivity= k, Metal specific heat= Cp, Surface heat transfer coefficient= ha, Air temperature = Ta, and Wall
temperature = To.

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