Entry Exam – PhD

Chemical Engineering Department

University of Baghdad
Date 25/6/2018 (1 st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

Q.1 Choose the right answer of the following articles: (60 marks)

1. Newton’s law of viscosity includes the relation between _______________________.

(a) the force and velocity (b) the pressure and velocity (c) the normal stress and strain (d) the shear
stress and velocity gradient .

2. Momentum can be transported by _______________________.

(a) molecular motion (b) convective motion (c) both molecular and convective motions (d) none of
the above.

3. For steady - state , isothermal laminar flow of a fluid of constant density and viscosity through a circular
tube with no mass transfer , a velocity gradient is established in _____________________.
(a) radial direction (b) longitudinal direction (c) angular direction (d) none of the above.

4. The quantity of ρg has units of ________________.

(a) N/m3 (b) Kg.s/m2 (c) Kg/m.s (d) N.m.

5. It is desired to scale – up the steady flow in a model agitated tank , so the fluids in the two tanks
‫ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬viscosity.
(a) must have the same (b) must not have the same (c) could have the same (d) may not have the same.

6. The relation F=6 v R is known as __________________ . [where : F = force , = dynamic

viscosity , v = velocity , R = radius].
(a) equation of motion (b) Hagen-Poiseuille equation (c) Stokes’ law
(d) Navier-Poisson-Stokes’ equation.

7. The equation for a cylindrical system that has a certain source of heat generation is ________________.
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c )

8. The basic differential equation for the unidirectional flow of heat in a continuous medium is________.
(a) (b) (c)

9. Heisler charts are used to________________________.

(a) Calculate temperatures at off-center locations within the solid body only.
(b) Calculate the temperature at the center of the solid (center-plane, center-line or center-point) only.
(c) Both.

10. In unsteady state heat transfer by conduction in the X-direction, a partial differential equation is used to
find the temperature distribution with time and distance as________________________.
(a) (b) (c)

11. DITTOS and BOELTER equation can be represented as______________________.

(a) for cooling and heating (b) for cooling.

(c) for cooling.
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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 25/6/2018 (1 st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

12. In the convection mode of heat transfer_______________________.

(a) Nu = f(Gr, Pr) for natural convection and Nu = f(Re, Pr) for forced convection.
(b) Nu = f(Re, Pr, Gr) for natural convection (c) Nu = f(St, Gr, Re) for natural convection

13. For finned heat exchanger the equation used to find the temperature distribution through the fin is given
below, given that P= perimeter, A = heat transfer area .
𝜃
(a) (b) (c)

14. Schmidt Number represents___________________.

(a) mass diffusivity to momentum diffusivity (b) thermal diffusivity to mass diffusivity
(c) momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity (d) momentum diffusivity to mass diffusivity

15. Species diffuses even though its concentration gradient was zero called______________.
(a) self diffusion (b) diffusion barrier (c) reverse diffusion (d) osmotic diffusion

16. The molar rate of production at the reaction surface may often be specified as _____________.
(a) diffusion rate controlled (b) reaction rate controlled (c) homogeneous reaction
(d) heterogeneous reaction

17. Diffusion mode for continuous distillation process , almost _______________.

(a) molecular flux (b) stagnant diffusion (c) unequimolecular counter diffusion
(d) equimolecular counter diffusion

18. Almost, the resistance to mass transfer in absorption process lies in ____________.
(a) liquid bulk (b) gas bulk (c) liquid film (d) gas film

19. The concentration of the two phases in a closed system at the interphase ___________.
(a) increases till the driving force becomes zero (b) changes continuously (c) becomes zero
(d) never changes

20. Packed towers are________________.

(a) absorption towers (b) strippers (c) absorbers or strippers (d) all the mentioned above

21. A designer made some calculation mistakes by ignoring the fractional change of volume in certain first
order gas-phase reaction ( → ). What is your prediction for the conversion of the limiting reactant
(xA) that flow out from this reactor?
a. Conversion increasing. b. Conversion decreasing.
c. Conversion did not affected. d. Reactor never works!

22. The activation energy of a certain liquid-phase reaction is very low, that is mean________________.
a. Reaction is reversible. b. Reaching maximum conversion at 298 K.
c. Reaction in spontaneously. d. Reaction is un-sensitive to temperature.
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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 25/6/2018 (1 st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

23. The performance of two equal volume plug flow reactors in series (V is the volume of each reactor) is
the same as for____________.
1. Single mixed flow reactor with total volume.
2. Single plug flow reactor with total volume.
3. Single mixed flow reactor with recycle ratio R=1.
4. None of the above (mention).

24. Reaction with positive order (n > 0) and high conversion of limiting reactant material is required. For
maximum reactor performance and minimum reactor size, it is prefer to use___________________.
a. Plug flow reactor. b. Mixed flow reactor.
c. Batch reactor. d. Any one of the previous works fine.

25. In quantitative analysis of a certain reaction ( → ), instantaneous fractional yield of R can be defined
as______________.
1. Moles of R formed/final moles of A+R
2. Moles of R formed/final moles of A only
3. Moles of R formed/initial moles of A only
4. Moles of R formed/reacted moles of A

26. The favorable contacting pattern for a set of irreversible elementary reactions in series ( → → ) that
gives maximum amount of intermediate component is_______________.
a. Mixed flow reactor. b. Plug flow reactor with high recycle ratio.
c. Plug flow reactor. d. Maximum amount of intermediate component does not affected by
reactor type.

27. What is the temperature progression in plug flow reactor would you
recommended if the desired product is T for the following scheme of
elementary reactions____________.
a. Low temperature. b. High temperature.
c. Falling temperature. d. Rising temperature.

28. Which of the following statements will always apply when a reversible chemical reaction has attained
equilibrium?
(a) All reactants will convert to products
(b) The reaction proceeds alternately in the forward and reverse directions
(c) The Gibbs free energy of the system reaches a minimum
(d) The forward reaction will dominate over the reverse reaction

29. Which one of the following is an expression of the Van't Hoff equation?

(a) ln K = - ΔH◦ / RT + ΔS◦ /R (b) ΔH(T2) = ΔH(T1) + ΔCp(T2 - T1) (c) ΔG◦ = ΔH◦ - TΔS◦
(d) ΔU = q + w

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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 25/6/2018 (1 st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

30. Which one of the following equations defines the enthalpy of reaction, ΔH, for a reaction occurring at
constant pressure that does expansion work? All terms have their usual meanings.
(a) ΔH = ΔU (b) ΔH = ΔU + pΔV (c) ΔH = ΔG – TΔS (d) ΔH = q + w

31. If the volume of gas is reduced to half from its original volume, the specific heat will be ____________.
(a) reduce to half (b) be doubled (c) remain constant (d) increase four times

32. An engine, a refrigerator, and a heat pump all operate in ideal Carnot cycles with the same gas, between
the same maximum and minimum temperatures. Which of the following properly expresses the relationships
between efficiencies/coefficients of performance?
(a) η engine < COPrefrigerator < COPheat pump (b) η engine < COPheat pump < COPrefrigerator
(c) COPrefrigerator < η engine < COPheat pump (d) COPrefrigerator < COPheat pump < η engine
(e) COPheat pump < η engine < COPrefrigerator (f) COPheat pump < COPrefrigerator < η engine
(g) cannot be determined

33. For multicomponent multiple phases to be in equilibrium at the same pressure and temperature, the
_________________ of each component must be same in all phases.
(a) chemical potential (b) fugacity (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)

34.The adiabatic throttling process of a perfect gas is one of constant enthalpy______________.

(a) in which is a temperature drop (b) which is exemplified by a non-steady flow expansion
(c) which can be performed in a pipe with constriction (d) in which there is an increase in temperature

35. The reactor to particle diameter ratio should be _______ to ensure that the flow is turbulent, uniform,
and approximately plug flow.
(a) from five to ten (b) from ten to fifteen (c) bigger than 10 (d) less than 5

36. ___________ determines the rate of gelation during catalyst preparation.

(a) pH (b) zeta potential (c) dielectrophoresis (d) capillary electrophoresis

37. In the precipitation method for active component deposition ________ is added to cause precipitation.
(a) acid (b) alcohol (c) water (d) alkali

38. The degree of crystallinity for zeolite type catalyst could be determined by _______________.
(a) thermal gravimetric analysis (b) X-ray diffraction (c) FTIR (d) differential thermal analysis

39. Under the condition of high pressure and low temperature in BET adsorption isotherm, thermal energy
of gaseous molecules decreases and due to this ______________ adsorption would occur.
(a) dense layer (b) flake layer (c) multilayer (d) monolayer

40. Catalyst deactivation caused by sintering results to _____________________.

(a) surface loss (b) channeling (c) plugging (d) component loss

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 Entry Exam – PhD
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 25/6/2018 (1 st Attempt) Time: 3 hrs

Q.2 Answer the following questions (40 marks)

a. The velocity distribution through the laminar boundary layer along a flat plate can be represented by the
following equation :

( )

[Where : = velocity through the boundary layer in x-direction , = bulk velocity , y = distance in
y-direction , = thickness of the boundary layer ].
Find the value of for .

b. What are the most important process considerations in the heat exchanger design?

c. Briefly explain the methods of " mass transfer coefficient" estimation.

d. A plug flow reactor (2 m3) processes an aqueous feed (100 liter/min) containing reactant A
(CAo=100mmol/liter). This reaction is reversible and represented by:

Calculate the equilibrium and the actual conversion of A.

e. 100 g of ice at 0˚C is dropped into an insulated beaker containing 150 g of water at 100˚C. Calculate ΔS
for the process that then occurs. Take the specific heat of liquid water to be 4190 J/kg K, the specific heat of
ice to be 2100 J/kg K, and the heat of fusion for ice to be 334 J/g.

f. Discuss the drying step and its effect on catalyst characteristics during preparation supported by all
necessary illustrations.
g. A metal sphere of radius (R) at a temperature (T0) was placed in a medium of lower temperature (T1).
Find the partial differential equation describing the variation of the temperature (T) through the sphere with
the radial distance (r) and time (t). Density of the sphere is (ρ) and its specific heat is (Cp).

h. Find the inverse of the function:

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