MC0066A Unit 1 Lecture 1

Course : MCA
Semester : II
Subject Code : MC 0066A
Subject Name : OOPS Using C++
Unit Number :1
Unit Title : Introduction to OOP & C++
Lecture Number :2
Lecture Title : Introduction to OOP & its
basic features
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Unit-1 Introduction to Object Oriented Programming (OOP) & C++
Introduction to OOP & its basic features
• Introduction to OOP
• Basic Features of OOP
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Objects
• Program representation of some real world thing (i.e person, place

or an event)
• Have both attributes (data) and behaviors (functions or methods)
Polygon Object Bank Account
Attributes Behaviour Attributes Behaviour

Position Move Account number Deduct Funds
Fill Color Erase Balance Transferfunds
Bordercolor Changecolor DepositFunds
Showbalance
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Classes
• Objects with same data structure and behavior are grouped
together as class.
• Objects are “instances” of a class.
• Example: Class-Car, Object-Maruthi
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Encapsulation
• Data and functions are capsulated into a single unit.
• Provides security to data by hiding the data.
• Example:Class Car encapsulates its attributes like color,
manufacturer, model and its properties like go, stop, turn left etc.
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Inheritance
• Allows to derive a class from an existing class and inherit all the
characteristics and behavior of the parent class.
• Allows easy modification of existing code and also code reuse.
• Example:Class Light Motor Vehicle inherits from the class Vehicle
and the class Car in turn inherits from the class Light Motor
Vehicle
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Polymorphism
• Poly means Many.
• One function can perform many actions.
• Example: The operator + can be used to add two numbers or to
concatenate two strings depending on the case
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Additional Resources
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Features of OOP
• Encapsulation
• Data Abstraction
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Message Passing
• Extensibility
• Persistence
• Delegation
• Genericity
• Multiple Inheritance
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Features of OOP
Encapsulation
Supported by
comprises
Data abstraction
Single inheritance
Object C++
Oriented Polymorphism
Programming X
Paradigm
Persistence
Delegation
Genericity
Multiple inheritance
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Data Abstraction
• The technique of creating new data types that are well suited to
an application to be programmed is known as data abstraction.
• It provides the ability to create user-defined data types, for

modeling a real world object, having the properties of built-in data
types and a set of permitted operators.
• The class is a construct in C++ for creating user defined data

types called Abstract Data Types (ADTs).
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Multiple Inheritance
• The mechanism by which a class is derived from more than one

base class is known as multiple inheritance.
• Instances of classes with multiple inheritance have instance

variables for each of the inherited base classes.
• C++ supports multiple inheritance
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Message Passing
• It is the process of invoking an operation on an object.
• In response to a message, the corresponding method (function)

is executed in the object.
• C++ supports message passing
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Extensibility
• It is a feature, which allows the extension of the functionality of
the existing software components.
• In C++, this is achieved through abstract classes and inheritance.
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Persistence
• The phenomenon where the object (data) outlives the program
execution time and exists between execution of a program is known
as persistence.
• All database systems support persistence.
• In C++, this is not supported.
• However, the user can build it explicitly using file streams in a
program.
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Delegation
• It is an alternative to class inheritance.
• Delegation is a way of making object composition as powerful as

inheritance.
• In delegation, two objects are involved in handling a request: a

receiving object delegates operations to its delegate.
• This is analogous to the child classes sending requests to the parent

classes.
• In C++, delegation is realized by using object composition.
• Here, new functionality is obtained by assembling or composing

objects.
• This approach takes a view that an object can be a collection of

many objects and the relationship is called the has-a relationship or
containership.
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Genericity
• It is a technique for defining software components that have more
than one interpretation depending on the data type of parameters.
• Thus, it allows the declaration of data items without specifying
their exact data type.
• Such unknown data types (generic data type) are resolved at the
time of their usage (function call) based on the data type of
parameters.
• In C++, genericity is realized through function templates and class
templates.
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MC0066A Unit 1 Lecture 1

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Course : MCA

Introduction to OOP & its basic features

• Basic Features of OOP

• Program representation of some real world thing (i.e person, place

• Have both attributes (data) and behaviors (functions or methods)

Polygon Object Bank Account

Attributes Behaviour Attributes Behaviour

• Objects with same data structure and behavior are grouped

• Objects are “instances” of a class.

• Example: Class-Car, Object-Maruthi

• Data and functions are capsulated into a single unit.

• Provides security to data by hiding the data.

• Example:Class Car encapsulates its attributes like color,

characteristics and behavior of the parent class.

• Allows easy modification of existing code and also code reuse.

• Example:Class Light Motor Vehicle inherits from the class Vehicle

• Poly means Many.

• One function can perform many actions.

• Example: The operator + can be used to add two numbers or to

concatenate two strings depending on the case

• It provides the ability to create user-defined data types, for

• The class is a construct in C++ for creating user defined data

• The mechanism by which a class is derived from more than one

• Instances of classes with multiple inheritance have instance

• C++ supports multiple inheritance

• It is the process of invoking an operation on an object.

• In response to a message, the corresponding method (function)

• C++ supports message passing

• It is a feature, which allows the extension of the functionality of

the existing software components.

• In C++, this is achieved through abstract classes and inheritance.

• The phenomenon where the object (data) outlives the program

execution time and exists between execution of a program is known

• All database systems support persistence.

• In C++, this is not supported.

• However, the user can build it explicitly using file streams in a

• It is an alternative to class inheritance.

• Delegation is a way of making object composition as powerful as

• In delegation, two objects are involved in handling a request: a

• This is analogous to the child classes sending requests to the parent

• In C++, delegation is realized by using object composition.

• Here, new functionality is obtained by assembling or composing

• This approach takes a view that an object can be a collection of

• It is a technique for defining software components that have more

than one interpretation depending on the data type of parameters.

• Thus, it allows the declaration of data items without specifying

their exact data type.

time of their usage (function call) based on the data type of

• In C++, genericity is realized through function templates and class

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