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Report On Demographic Profile of Jharkhand & Bihar
Report On Demographic Profile of Jharkhand & Bihar
Profile of
Jharkhand & Bihar
By,
AMIT SINGH
PGDM
CIMR, Mumbai
Fig 1: Map of Bihar
References:-
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Provisional_Population_Total_
link/PDF_Links/chapter3.pdf
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/gender_composition.aspx
http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/CensusStats-03.htm
Jharkhand's gross state domestic product for 2006 is estimated at 629,500 million of Rupees
at current prices.
References:-
http://news.oneindia.in/2006/08/15/jharkhand-govt-targets-11-per-cent-gdp-in-2006-
07-1155647127.html
http://www.dnaindia.com/money/interview_dainik-bhaskar-group-entering-jammu-
bihar-jharkhand_1363478
Bihar
Bihar GDP growth in year 2009 is 11.03%.
The GSDP today stands at 112,424 Crores Rupees ($21 billion nominal GDP). In actual
terms, as of 2008, Bihar state GDP is ranked 2nd out of 28 states.
References:-
http://thejamalpur.com/2010/01/12/bihar-registers-11-03-growth-in-gdp/
http://gov.bih.nic.in/Documents/ESR-2008-09-EN.pdf
http://www.infoahmedabad.com/2009/12/gujarat-beats-india-in-gdp-race.html
3. NUMBER OF DISTRICTS:-
Jharkhand
1. Ranchi 13.Sahebganj
2. Lohardaga 14.Pakur
3. Gumla 15.Godda
4. Simdega 16.Hazaribagh
5. Palamu 17.Chatra
6. Latehar 18.Koderma
7. Garhwa 19.Giridih
11.Dumka 23.Khunti
12.Jamtara 24.Ramgarh
Bihar
The state is divided into 38 districts.
4. NUMBER OF DIVISIONS:-
Jharkhand
Presently, 24 districts of Jharkhand are grouped in to 5 divisions. These divisions are:
c) Palamu division
e) Kolhan division
Bihar
Presently, 38 districts of Bihar are grouped in to 9 divisions. These divisions are:
e) Munger V. Munger
Jharkhand
Number of Villages in Jharkhand is 29,354 only 9,119 are electrified while 20,235 are still
groping in the dark as on December 31, 2007
Bihar
Number of Villages in Bihar is 39,015 only 20,620 are electrified as on December 31, 2007
References:-
http://www.bihartimes.com/newsbihar/2008/march/newsbihar05march1.html
6. CLIMATE:-
Jharkhand
3. Lack of safe disposal of runoff water during monsoon and water storage and moisture
conservation practices for raising Rabi crops.
Sub Zone V:
1. Late arrival and early cessation of monsoon.
2. Erratic /uneven distribution of rainfall.
3. Eroded soils.
Important land use pattern characteristics of the three sub zones in Chotanagpur and Santhal
Parganas of Plateau region with respect of area, population, crop & irrigation are presented
below
Total Net
Population
Sub Zone Sub Region Geographical cultivated Forest (%)
(million)
area (m ha) area
Central North Eastern
IV 4.1 12.3 55.0 13.0
Plateau
V Western Plateau 2.5 6.0 24.0 33.0
VI South Eastern Plateau 1.3 3.5 31.6 24.0
SOIL RESOURCES:
Out of 79lakh hectares geographical area of Jharkhand state, the net cultivated area is around
22 lakh hectares. Area under forest is 29 percent (23 lakh hectares). The state comes under
agro climatic zone 7 and in zone 12 & 13 as per agro-ecological characterization of the
country. The region mainly comprises soils developed on granite gneiss (32.6%) and granite
schists (14.2 %). There is practically no problem of soil salinity or flooding. Soil acidity
problem (ph < 5.5) is acute in 4 lakh hectare of cultivated area. The region has a major
problem of slight (52 %) to moderate (36 %) soil erosion since about 43 % soils are located
on very gentle slopes (1 to 3% and 31 % soils on gentle slopes (3 to 8%).
The land surface being uneven are subject to sheet and gully erosion, causing loss of
soil and plant nutrients. Out of 79lakh hectares geographical area of the region, about 23 lakh
hectares are subjected to severe erosion every year. But, erosion, moderate to severe taken
together affect about 30 lakh hectares which is about 40 per cent of the geographical area.
Thus, checking soil erosion by adopting soil conservation measures should be the most
important step to check land degradation
CLIMATIC RESOURCES:
The climate of the region is influenced by geographic location and physical features. Located
on an elevation of 300 to 610 meter above sea level, the climate ranges from dry semi humid
to humid semi-arid types.
The annual rainfall in the plateau and sub-plateau region is 1400 mm, on an average of which
82.1 % is received during the periods June to September and the rest 17.9 % in remaining
months
CROP SEASON WISE DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERN OF RAINFALL (MM) AT KANKE
Crop Season Current Year 10 Years (mean) 34 years (mean) 44 years (mean)
(June –October)
Rabi 211.8 178.4 167.8 175.1
(October –March0
Zaid 662.8 361.4 346.6 329.7
(March-Jun))
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF RAINFALL SUB ZONE WISE OF JHARKHAND
References:-
http://www.sameti.org/default1_1sprof.htm
Bihar
Soil
The Bihar plane consists of a thick alluvial mantle of drift origin overlying in most part. The
siwalik and older tertiary rocks. The soil is mainly young loam rejuvenated every year by
constant deposition of silt, clay and sand brought by different streams. This soil is deficient in
phosphoric acid, nitrogen and humus, but potash and lime are usually present in sufficient
quantity.
There are three major types of soil in Bihar:
Piedmont Swamp Soil - found in northwestern part of west Champaran district.
Terai Soil – found in northern part of the state along the border of Nepal.
The Gangetic Alluvium – the plain of Bihar is covered by gangetic alluvium (both new as
well as old).
The climate of Bihar is a part of the climatic pattern of the Indian subcontinent. It enjoys a
continental monsoon type of climate owing to its great distance from the sea.
The factors affecting the climate of Bihar are:
It extends from 22-degree north to 27-degree latitude. Hence its location is tropical to sub
tropical.
The Himalayan Mountains in the north have a significant bearing on the distribution of
monsoon rainfall in Bihar.
Bihar joins the Ganga delta and Assam.
Seasons and their duration:
Cold weather season - December to February.
Hot weather season – March to May.
Southwest monsoon – June to September.
Retreating southwest monsoon – October to November.
Normal Rainfall in Bihar 1,205mm
References:-
http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/climate.htm
http://www.brandbihar.com/english/geography_of_bihar.html
7. AGRICULTURE SECTOR:-
Jharkhand
Total area of agricultural lands in Jharkhand is about 2.57 hectares, which produces a total of
37.85 tonnes of food grains. Among the important crops that form an important part of
agriculture of Jharkhand are:
Paddy
Wheat
Pulses
Oilseeds
Maize
Til
Sugarcane
Bajra, etc.
The terrain of Jharkhand is divided into different agro-climatic zones, which can be summed
up as follows:
About 9 percent of the area in the state is irrigated. The state receives
rainfall 1200-1600 mm/annum at both the monsoon. Precipitation is
rather variable. Winter season precipitation is meagre and highly
variable. There are no an average 130 rainy days in a year and 75 days,
rainfall is below 2.5 mm. On 55 rainy days evaporation level is more
than 2.5 mm per day. As per estimate out of the average annual
precipitation of 10 million hectare meter in the state about 20 % is lost
in the atmosphere, 50 % flow as surface runoff and balance 30% soaks
into the ground as soil moisture and ground water.
Maize
Pulses
Top
Oilseeds
http://www.sameti.org/default1_1sprof.htm
Bihar
As of 2008, agriculture accounts for 35% of the economy of the state. Another survey
conducted by Central Statistical Organization (CSO) and National Sample Survey
Organization, under MOSPI, said that Bihar saw 14.80 percent growth in factory output in
2007-08, which was slightly less than the Indian rate of 15.24%.
Bihar has significant levels of production for the products of mango, guava, litchi, pineapple,
brinjal, cauliflower, bhindi, and cabbage in India. Despite the states leading role in food
production, investment in irrigation and other agriculture facilities has been inadequate in the
past.
Makhana levels are 0.003 million MT(Bihar contributes 85% of national production)
References:-
http://industries.bih.nic.in/Slides01/Presentation.pdf
"Doing business the hard way in Bihar"http://www.financialexpress.com/news/doing-
business-the-hard-way-in-bihar/274316/.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Patna/CM_Corruption_biggest_challenge/ar
ticleshow/3829800.cms
http://patna.bih.nic.in/html/agriculture.htm
http://gov.bih.nic.in/Depts/PlanningDevelopment/Statistics/reptab36.pdf
http://gov.bih.nic.in/Depts/PlanningDevelopment/Statistics/rtab38_2.pdf
http://gov.bih.nic.in/Depts/PlanningDevelopment/Statistics/rtab39_2.pdf
http://www.lib.virginia.edu/area-studies/SouthAsia/Ideas/boseAgri53.html
8. INDUSTRY SECTOR:-
Jharkhand
Jharkhand has a concentration of some of the country’s highly industrialized cities such
as Jamshedpur, Ranchi, Bokaro Steel City and Dhanbad. It also has several firsts in India,
including:
Biggest explosives factory at Gomia, Bokaro.
Urbanization ratio is 42.25% and the per capita annual income is US$ 1,490.
Iron ore (1st),
Coal (3rd),
Copper ore (1st),
Mica (1st),
Bauxite (3rd),
Graphite (8th),
Kainite (1st),
Chromite (2nd),
Asbestos (1st),
Thorium (3rd),
Large deposits of coal and iron ore support concentration of industry, in centers
like Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Ranchi. Tata Steel, a S&P CNX 500 conglomerate has its
corporate office in Jharkhand.
References:-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhand
Bihar
For industrial development, the NDA government has cleared a total of 135 proposals worth
Rs 71,289.64 crore, submitted by big entrepreneurs for setting up medium and large
industries. The proposals are related to sugar mills, ethanol, engineering and medical colleges
and power production in the state. A sum of Rs 602.54 crore had already been spent on
various activities pertaining to the cleared projects, which are likely to create job
opportunities for over 114,000 people. The proposals include opening of 23 new sugar mills
and the expansion of seven existing ones, apart from the production of ethanol in two sugar
mills and five sugarcane juice production plants. The projects regarding five power plants, 12
food processing units and 15 steel processing and cement plants have also been cleared by the
state
Sugar Mills
The Indian Business Directory states that the Bihar Sugar Industry has flourished in the last
couple of years due to the efforts taken by the state government to revive the industry. The
total number of sugar mills in Bihar Sugar Industry is 28 out which only 9 are operational.
The total area under sugarcane production is 2.30 lakh hectares and the total production of
sugarcane is around 129.95 lakh M.T. The location of the sugar mills of Bihar Sugar Industry
are Samastipur, Gopalganj, Sitamarhi, West Champaran, Chorma, Dulipati, and Supaul.
The total production of sugar in Bihar Sugar Industry was 4.21 lakh tons in 2002-2003 and in
2003-2004, the figure stood at 2.77 lakh tons. Again, in 2004-2005, the figure was 2.77 lakh
tons. The state government has also approved the proposal for the setting up of 15 new sugar
mills in the state which will bring in an investment of Rs. 3,771 crore in Bihar Sugar Industry
Textile Mills
Total number of weavers in Bihar is more than 90,000. Bhagalpur is known as leading silk
city. Gaya –another major weaving centre –around 8000. There is a strong traditional
handloom clusters in the districts of Bhagalpur, Gaya, Nalanda, Darbhanga, Madhubani,
Siwan, Patna. Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services is preparing Project Report for
Textile Parks and also for Cluster Development Programmes. However, most of textile
centres in state on decline, producing low value goods
Leather Industry
The state is very rich in cattle population.There are 50,000 footwear artisans in the State.
State has tanneries in the private sector. More tanneries & footwear units are to be set up in
the private sector.
Small Scale Industries
The small scale industries have contributed to Bihar's economic upsurge. The total
investment of SSI's is Rs 88.75 crore. Small/artisan-based industries are generating 5.5 lakh
mandays in the current fiscal till December
References:-
http://industries.bih.nic.in/Slides01/Presentation.pdf
http://business.mapsofindia.com/sugar-industry/bihar.html
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/SSIs_add_majorly_to_Bihars_eco_growth/r
ssarticleshow/2832960.cms
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Patna/Bihar_security_firm_sets_foot_in_Au
stralia/articleshow/3401009.cms
http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=331738
9. CONSTRUCTION SECTOR:-
Jharkhand
Major Projects in Jharkhand
References:-
http://www.bshpcltd.com/pjhar.htm
Bihar
Roads Construction and Investment
The government is working on the expressway from the Purvanchal border through Bihar to
Jharkhand, and has also decided to expand the state highway from Patna to Muzaffarpur from
its current poor one lane to a four lane expressway. The state now spends (2007–2008) Rs
2,222.08 crore on roads, compared with Rs 51.2 crore between 2003-2004. In September
2008, $420 Million (USD) loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) was provided to
the government to improve nine state highways. The loan would be used to convert nine state
highways into double-lane roads covering a total stretch of 820 kilometers. The ADB had
also given its consent for development of 1,500-kilometre stretch of state highways into two-
lane roads as per international standards under Bihar State Highways Project (BSHP). BSHP
will be executed in two phases. The nine roads have been included in its first phase.
IOC Barauni
IOC Barauni in the Bihar state of India was built in collaboration with the Soviet Union at a
cost of Rs.49.4 crores and went on stream in July, 1964. The initial capacity of 2 MMTPA
was expanded to 3 MMTPA by 1969. The present capacity of this refinery is 6.00 MMTPA.
A Catalytic Reformer Unit (CRU) was also added to the refinery in 1997 for production of
unleaded motor spirit. Projects are also planned for meeting future fuel quality requirements.
Union government has plan to develop a petrochemical plant along with the refinary.
East Central Railway, Hajipur
It is one of the railway zone in Indian railway system, it comprises the following railway
divisions(Samastipur, Danapur, Mugalsarai, Dhanbad & Sonepur)
Eastern region head quarter of Indian power major NTPC is situated at Patna, following are
the major power plant under this region is Kahalgaon, Talchar & Farakka. Upcoming power
plant in the region are as follows Barh(Patna), Nabinagar(Aurangabad).
References:-
http://www.projectstoday.com/newsr.asp?newsid=20417
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?
id=NEWEN20080057141&ch=7/15/2008%208:20:00%20AM
http://www.ptinews.com/pti
%5Cptisite.nsf/0/B9C6ED7871970F3E652574D4001C641D?OpenDocument
http://www.mynews.in/fullstory.aspx?storyid=11455
10. TV Viewers
This is a list of the States of India ranked in order of percentage of households having a
television set. This information was compiled from NFHS-3. NFHS-3 was released on 11 Oct
2007 and the detailed survey can be viewed in the following website
References:-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_states_ranking_by_television_ownership