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Carbohydrates: I. Objective(s)
Carbohydrates: I. Objective(s)
Carbohydrates
I. Objective(s)
To test and observe the reactivity of carbohydrates
II. Glassware
micro test tubes Pasteur pipette spatula
thermometer spot plate Bunsen burner
Physical
Reagent/Product Structure Hazards
Properties
- Appearance: - Harmful by
Amyl alcohol colourless inhalation or
liquid with a ingestion. May cause
camphor-like eye or skin irritation.
odour
Melting point:
-12 C
Boiling point:
102 C
- Appearance and Harmful by inhalation,
I2 in KI Odor: Deep in contact with skin and
amber liquid if swallowed.
KI with slight
characteristic
Percent Volatile
by Volume: 98%
- Solubility in
Water: Soluble
- Appearance: - Corrosive. Toxic if
Phenylhydrazine colourless to swallowed, inhaled or
pale yellow absorbed through the
liquid skin. Suspected
Melting point: carcinogen.
19 C
Boiling point:
243 C
Alcohol, - Appearance and - Keep away from heat
Bial’s Reagent Reagent Denature Odor: Clear and ignition sources.
d Ethyl Alcohol, yellow Harmful if
Ferric Chloride, solution / ethyl swallowed.
Hydrochloric alcohol odor
Acid, Orcinol - Melting Point:-
monohydrate 114° C
- Boiling
Point:78° C
Cupric Acetate, - Boiling Point: - Irritant
Barfoed’s reagent Acetic Acid, Approximately -
Glacial, 100 °C
- Appearance and
Odor: Light
blue liquid with
vinegar odor.
ETHYL ALCOHOL Boiling Pt: HARMFUL IF INHALED,
(ETHANOL, 163-174F (75- INGESTED OR
Molisch reagent
ALPHA 80C) ABSORBED
NAPHTHOL, Melt/Freeze THROUGH SKIN.
ETHYL ACETATE, Pt:=-113.7C, CAUSES IRRITATION
METHANOL, -173.F TO SKIN, EYES, AND
METHYL Appearance and MUCOUS
ISOBUTYL Odor:CLEAR, MEMBRANES.
KETONE, COLORLESS,
ISOPROPYL MOBILE LIQUID,
ALCOHOL MILD
CHARACTERISTIC
ODOR.
Sodium citrate - Boiling Point: - Hazardous in case of
Benedict’s reagent dehydrate, The lowest eye contact (irritant),
Sodium known value is of ingestion, of
carbonate, 100°C (212°F) inhalation.
Copper sulfate (Water). Skin contact may
pentahydrate, Specific produce burns.
Water Gravity: Inhalation of the spray
Weighted mist may produce
average: 1.11 - severe irritation of
(Water = 1) respiratory tract,
characterized by
coughing, choking, or
shortness of breath.
Glucose - Appearance: -
white powder
Melting point:
153 - 156 C
Starch - Physical state Slightly hazardous in
and case of skin contact
appearance: (irritant), of eye contact
Solid. (irritant), of ingestion,
- Melting Point: of
Decomposes. - inhalation.
Ribose - Appearance: - Respiratory and eye
white crystals irritant.
or powder
Melting point:
82 C
Fructose - Appearance: - May cause skin or
white eye irritation.
crystalline solid
or powder
Melting point:
ca. 120 C
(decomposes)
Sucrose - Appearance: - Inhalation of powder
white crystals may cause respiratory
or powder irritation.
Melting point:
160 -180 C
(decomposes)
Maltose - Appearance: -
colourless
crystals or
white powder
Melting point:
102 C
- Solid - Irritant
+ --
5% Sodium Hydroxide Na – OH - White - Corrosive
NaOH - May cause blindness
- Liquid (fuming) - Irritant
5% Hydrochloric Acid H+ – Cl– - Colorless to - Corrosive
HCl slightly yellow - Toxic
- Irritating
- Liquid (thick, - Very irritant
Concentrated Sulfuric oily) - Very corrosive
Acid H2SO4 - Colorless - RT damage
- Choking,
burning odor
V. Waste Disposal
Discard organic waste into “organic waste” jars.