Math Mania # 043

DIRECTIONS: For the following questions, four options are given. Choose the correct option.

1. In a ratio which is equal to 5 : 8, the antecedent is 40, then the consequent is

(1) 2 5
(2) 4 8
(3) 6 4
(4) None of these

2. 0.5 of a number is equal to 0.07 of another. The ratio of the numbers is

(1) 1 : 14
(2) 5 : 7
(3) 7 : 50
(4) 50 : 7

3. The time period of a pendulum is proportional to the square root of the length of the pendulum.
Consider the following statements
1. If the length of the pendulum is doubled, then the time period is also doubled.
2. If the length is halved, then time period becomes one-fourth of the original time period.
The correct assertions are
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) neither 1 nor 2
(4) both 1 & 2

a c
4. If = , then
b d

a+b c+d
(1) =
a2 d2

a+b c+d
(2) =
a2 c2

a+b c +d
(3) =
a−b c −d
(4) ac = bd

5. Suppose y varies as the sum of two quantities of which one varies directly as x and the other
1
inversely as x. If y = 6 when x = 4 and y = 3 when x = 3, then the relation between x and y is
3

4
(1) y=x+
x

4
(2) y = −2x +
x

8
(3) y = 2x +
x

8
(4) y = 2x −
x
6. The expenses of a hotel consist of two parts. One part varies with the number of inmates while the
other is constant. When the number of inmates is 200 and 250, the expenses are respectively
Rs.1300 and Rs.1600. Then, the expenses for 300 inmates are
(1) Rs.1800
(2) Rs.1900
(3) Rs.2000
(4) Rs.2100

7. Under constant temperature, the pressure of a definite mass of a gas varies inversely as the
volume. If volume is reduced by 25%, the pressure will be
(1) increased by 25%
(2) reduced by 25%

1
(3) increased by 33 %
3
(4) increased by 133.3%

8. Pressure varies inversely as volume varies and temperature varies directly as volume varies. At a
time Volume = 50m 3 , Temperature = 25°K and Pressure = 1 atmosphere. If volume is increased to
200m 3 , then the temperature will be
(1) 100° K
(2) 50° K

1°
(3) 12
2
(4) 200° K

9. S varies directly as R varies and T varies inversely as R varies. At a time R = 20, S = 40 and T = 10.
If R is changed to 10, then the value of T will be
(1) 2 0
(2) 1 0
(3) 4 0
(4) 8 0

10. Consider the following statements

1. If both the terms of a ratio are multiplied or divided by the same natural number, then the ratio
remains unaltered.
2. A statement which states that two ratios are equivalent is called proportion.
3. If 4 quantities are in proportion, the product of extremes is not equal to the means.
4. The mean proportion between any two numbers is equal to the square root of their product.
The wrong ones are
(1) 1
(2) 3
(3) 3 & 4
(4) 4 & 1
 Detailed Solutions

1. Let antecedent = 5x and consequent = 8x.

Now, 5x = 40 ⇒ x = 8. So, consequent = 8x = 64. Ans.(3)

A 0.07 7
2. 0.5A = 0.07B ⇔ = = , i.e. 7 : 50. Ans.(3)
B 0.5 50
3. T ∞ √l ⇒ T = k√l, where k is a constant. Suppose l becomes 2l, then T’ = k√2l ≠ 2T.

1
Suppose l becomes (l/2), then T’ = k√l/2 ≠ T. ∴ Neither 1 nor 2 is correct. Ans.(3)
4

a c a+b c +d
4. By componendo and dividendo, = ⇒ = . Ans.(3)
b d a−b c −d

1
5. Let y = a + b, where a ∝ x and b ∝ .
x

k2
Let a = k1 x and b = , where k1 & k2 are constants
x

k2
∴ y = k 1x + .....(i)
x

k2
y = 6 & x = 4 ⇒ 4k 1 + = 6 i.e. 16k 1 + k 2 = 24 .....(ii)
4

1 k2 10
y = 3 & x = 3 ⇒ 3k 1 + = i.e. 9k 1 + k 2 = 10 .....(iii)
3 3 3
Solving (ii) and (iii), we get k 1 = 2 & k 2 = – 8.

8
Putting these values in (i), we get : y = 2x – . Ans.(4)
x
6. Let E = k 1 x + k 2 where E stands for expenses, x for number of inmates and k 1 , k2 are constants.
When x = 200 & E = 1300 we have 200k 1 + k2 = 1300 .....(i)
When x = 250 & E = 1600, we have 250k 1 + k2 = 1600 .....(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get k 1 = 6 & k 2 = 100. ∴ E = 6x + 100.
Now, when x = 300, we get E = 6 × 300 + 100 = 1900. Ans.(2)

1 k
7. P ∝ ⇒ P = , where k is a constant.
V V

3V k 4k
When the value of V becomes (75% of V), i.e. , we have P’ = = .
4 3V 3V
4

F 4k − k I
Increase in pressure =
GG 3V V × 100JJ % = 33 1 %. Ans.(3)
GH kV JK 3
 1 k1
8. P ∝ and T ∝ V ⇒ P = and T = k 2 V..
V V

1
Now, V = 50, T = 25 & P = 1 ⇒ k 1 = 50 and k 2 = .
2

50 1
∴ P = and T = V.
V 2

1
When V = 200, then T = × 200 = 100° K. Ans.(1)
2

1 k
9. S ∝ R and T ∝ . So, S = k 1 R and T = 2 .
R R
When R = 20, S = 40, T = 10 we have k 1 = 2 & k 2 = 200.

200
∴ S = 2R and T = .
R

200
When R = 10, then T = = 20. Ans.(1)
10
10. Clearly, statement 3 is incorrect. Ans.(2)