Maths Mania # 073

DIRECTIONS: For the following questions, four options are given. Choose the correct option.

1. A bag contains tickets numbered 1 to 30. Three tickets are drawn at random from the bag. What is
the probability that the maximum number of the selected tickets exceeds 25?

88
(1)
203

115
(2)
203

89
(3)
203

91
(4)
203

2. Three dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability that two of them show the same face?

1
(1)
4

11
(2)
12

5
(3)
12

7
(4)
12

3. Five persons entered the left cabin on the ground floor of an 8 floor house. Suppose that each of
them independently and with equal probability can leave the cabin any floor beginning with the
first. Find out the probability of all five persons leaving at different floors.
7
P5
(1)
72

7
P5
(2)
75

7
P5
(3)
57
(4) None of these
4. If n persons are seated on a round table, what is the probability that two named individuals will be
neighbours?

n−1
(1)
2

2
(2)
n−1

1
(3) 2
n −1

1
(4)
n−1

5. A five digit number is formed by the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition. Find the probability that
the number is divisible by 4.

3
(1)
5

2
(2)
5

4
(3)
5

1
(4)
5

6. Find the probability of getting an even number on the first die or a total of 8 in a single throw of
two dice.

4
(1)
9

7
(2)
11

9
(3)
11

5
(4)
9

7. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that at least one of the two throws comes up with the
number 4?

5
(1)
36

11
(2)
36

9
(3)
17

11
(4)
17
8. One number is chosen from numbers 1 to 200. Find the probability that it is divisible by 4 or 6?

91
(1)
121

11
(2)
200

67
(3)
200

9
(4)
200

9. Two cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that either both are red or
both are kings?

316
(1)
435

55
(2)
221

67
(3)
221

91
(4)
435

10. A basket contains 20 apples and 10 oranges out of which 5 apples and 3 oranges are defective. If
a person takes out 2 at random. What is the probability that either both are apples or both are
good?

52
(1)
435

316
(2)
435

119
(3)
435
(4) None of these
 Detailed Solutions

1. It is given that the maximum number on the selected tickets exceeds 25. This means that at least
one of them should bear a number that exceeds 25. It is to be noted that the negation of the word
atleast means none and in this case it will be easier for us to find the probability that none of
selected tickets bear number exceeding 25. Let A be the event that none of the selected tickets
bear number exceeding 25. Then required probability = P (A) = 1 – P (A).

25
C3 115
P(A) = 30
= .
C3 203

115 88
Hence P(A) = 1 − = . Ans.(1)
203 203
2. Selected a number which occurs on two dice out of the six numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 marked on the
six faces of a die. This can be done in 6 C 1 ways. Now select a number from the remaining 5 numbers
which occurs on the remaining one die. This can be done in 5 C 1 ways. Now we have three numbers
3! 3!
like 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, etc. These three can be arranged in ways. So, n(A) = 6 C 1 × 5 C 1 ×
2! 2!

90 5
∴ Required probability = = . Ans.(3)
216 12
3. Besides ground floor, there are 7 floors. Since a person can leave the cabin at any of the seven
floors, therefore there are 7 ways for a person to leave the cabin. Therefore number of ways in
which 5 persons can leave the cabin = 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 7 5 .
Now, if the total number of ways in which five persons can leave the cabin at different floors is
same as the number of arrangement of 7 by taking 5 at a time i.e. 7 P5 .
7
P5
So, required probability = . Ans.(2)
75
4. Total number of ways in which n person sit on a round table = (n – 1) !. Considering two named
individual as one person, there are (n – 1) persons who can sit on round table in = (n – 2) ! ways.
But two named individuals can be seated in 2! ways.

2!× (n − 2)! 2
∴ Required probability = = . Ans.(2)
(n − 1)! n −1

5. Number of ways in which five digits numbers can be formed is 5!. Now, A number is divisible by 4 if
the numbers formed by last two digits is divisible by 4. Therefore last two digits can be 12, 24, 32,
52, that is last two digits can be filled in 4 ways. But corresponding to each of these ways there
are 3! = 6 ways of filling the remaining three places. Therefore total number of five digit numbers
24 1
formed by the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and divisible by 4 = 4 × 6 = 24. So, required probability = = .
120 5
Ans.(4)
6. n(A) = {(2, 1) ... (2, 6), (4, 1) ... (4, 6), (6, 1) ... (6, 6)}, n (A) = 18
n(B) = {(2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 5) (5, 3), (4, 4)} n (B) = 5 and n (A ∩ B) = 3

18 5 3 20 5
∴ Required probability = P (A + P (B) – P (A ∩ B) = + − = = . Ans.(4)
36 36 36 36 9
7. A = First throw shows 4, B = Second throw shows 4
∴ n(A) = 6, n (B) = 6, n (A ∩ B) = 1

6 6 1 11
∴ Required probability = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B) = + − = . Ans.(2)
36 36 36 36
8. A = number is selected and divisible by 4, B = number is selected and divisible by 6.
A = {4, 8, 12, ... 200}
n (A) = 50,
B = (6, 12, 18...198} n (B) = 33
(A ∩ B) = {12, 24, 36 ..., 192}
n (A ∩ B) = 16

50 33 16 67
∴ Required probability = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B) = + − = . Ans.(3)
200 200 200 200
9. n (A) = 26 C ,
2 n (B) = 4 C 2 , n (A ∩ B) = 4 C2
26 4 2
C2 C2 C2 325 1 1 55
∴ Required probability = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B) = 52
+ 52
− 52
= + − = .
C2 C2 C2 1326 221 1326 221

Ans.(2)
20 22
C2 C2 15
C2
10. P(A) = 30
, P(B) = 30 P(A ∩ B) =
C2 C2 30
C2

20 22 15
C2 C2 C2 316
∴ Required probability = 30
+ 30
− 30
= . Ans.(2)
C2 C2 C2 435