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Endress+Hauser

Analytics in Primaries and Metals

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Portfolio and Industries

Parameters Industries:
• pH/redox
• Primaries and Metals
• conductivity
• Water/
• turbidity wastewater
• dissolved oxygen
• Food and
• chlorine beverage
• ammonium • Life Science
• phosphate • Chemical
• chromate industry
• copper • Power plants
• hydrazine
• iron
• manganese
• SAC, nitrate (optical)
• TOC, BOD, COD
• Nutrients (optical)

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Solution offering - SWAS Panels

Steam and Water Analysis System (SWAS)

Modular Analytical Panel System with Sample preparation for Steam and Power Applications = Utilities

• Systems for temperature (650 C) • Cationic / acidic • Silica, Sodium, Hardness Analyzers control.
and pressure (320 bar) reduction; and differential conductivity;

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Production vs. key* applications for analytics

Zink Nickel
Gold Copper Molybdenum PGM*** Uranium Aluminum
Lead Copper
• Flotation • Flotation • Flotation • Flotation • Flotation • Thickeners • Bayer
process
• Thickeners • Thickeners • Thickeners • Thickeners • SW/EW • Acid Leaching
• Caustic
Typical processes

• Conditioning tanks • Heap/Leaching • Acid leaching • Leaching • Electrolytic • Precipitation leaching

(CIL) refining (Ion Exchnage)
• Precipitation • Precipitation • Precipitation (Fe
• Cyanide leaching removal)
• SW/EW** • SW/EW**
• Cyanide destruction • SW/EW**
• Electrolytic refining • Electrolytic
• Autoclaving refining • Electrolytic
refining (Co, Fe )

pH pH pH pH pH pH High Temp. bed

level
Parameters

Bed level Bed level Bed level Bed level ORP ORP
Cond
DO ORP ORP ORP Cond Bed evel
Turb Cond Cond Cond
Cond Turb

* apart from key applications, utilities are of high interest like H2SO4 production, gas cleaning, boiler feed water, waste water

** SW/EW – solvent extraction / electro-winning and *** PGM – Platinum Group Metals (Iridium, Rhodium, Palladium etc.)

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Analytical measurements

pH measurements

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

The logarithmic pH scale based on water dissociation

pH Range H+ concentration
[mol/l]
0 1 100
1 0,1 10 -1
Leaching range,
2 0,01 sulphuric acid 10-2
3 acid 0,001 .
4 0,0001 .
5 0,00001 .
6 0,000001 .
7 neutral 0,0000001 .
8 0,00000001 .
9 0,000000001 .
10 0,0000000001 .
11 alkaline 0,00000000001 Flotation range,
lime milk,
.
12 0,000000000001 excl. cyanide leaching .
13 0,0000000000001 .
14 0,00000000000001 10-14
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Analytical Equipment in Mining

pH/ Redox (ORP) sensor portfolio

pH glass Redox (ORP) pH ISFET

CPS11D CPS71D CPF81D CPS12D CPS72D CPF82D CPS471D CPS491D

CPS41D CPS91D CPS42D CPS92D CPS441D

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Different types of diaphragmes

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Different features

CPS 11D CPS 71D CPS 91D

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Gel and polymer type pH electrodes CPS11D & CPS91D

Reinforced with –BT- technology
• For heavy duty applications industrial
applications.

• Protection shield (-BT- ion exchanger) in the

reference electrode resists poisoning
and increases the lifetime of the electrode.

• Large dirt-repellent PTFE diaphragm.

• Open aperture for CPS91D.

• Suitable for the retractable assemblies and

cleaning and calibration systems.

• Combined pH and ORP measurements

in single electrode CPS16D and CPS96D.

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 Analytical Equipment in Mining

pH measurements – copper flotation.

• Application: installation in rougher, 40% solids, high

abrasive & adhesive medium.

• Manual cleaning with water once a week.

• Equipment: CPS91D “BT” (CPA640) and CM42.

• Benefits: possibility for offline calibration, sensor’s lifetime > 6 months.

• Starting 2012, the Customer has standardized E+H as a pH loops supplier.

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

CPF81D (pH) and CPF82D(ORP)

• Core hydrometallurgical processes with the installations in open vessels
and channels

• Flat membrane to minimize the abrasion effect

• Robust plastic housing

• Poisoning resistant double junction reference

• Large dirt-repellent PTFE diaphragm

• Front and rear facing ¾" NPT threads for

immersion and insertion installation

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Construction of CPF81D (pH) and CPF82D(ORP)

Second electrolyte chamber
First electrolyte chamber filled with KNO3 solution
filled with KCl solution
“Detoxification chamber”:
protection against CN- and S2-

pH sensitive glass membrane – spherical or flat

Built in temperature sensor

Double junction PTFE diaphragm

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

pH measurements – flotation

• Application: silver-lead ore flotation.

• Manual cleaning: water & acid (3% HCl) every

1-2 weeks.

• Equipment: CPF81D + Liquiline CM442, 10 loops in total.

• Benefits: possibility for offline calibration, sensor’s lifetime > 4 months.

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

pH measurements – leaching process

Zn leaching process Lifetime of the electrode is > 4 months!

Temperature: 50-60C

pH: 1,90 – 2,50

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

pH measurements – cyanide gold leaching.

• Application: Leach tanks (cyanide leaching).

• Cleaning: automatic water cleaning every 2

hours / 20 sec.

• Equipment: CPF81D or CPS91D + Liquiline

CM442.

• Benefits: time saving & accuracy by offline

calibration,
sensor’s lifetime > 4 months.

CPF81D CPS91D

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Types of assemblies by application

CPA 111 CYA 112 CPA 140 CPA 510 CPA 530 CYH 112
Immersion

CPA 250 CPA 640

CPA 240
Flow-through

PVDF Stainless steel

CPA 442 CPA 450 CPA 871 CPA 875 CPA 472D CPA 473 CPA 475
Pipe or tank

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Application photos

Neutralization tank Leach tank

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Cyanide destruction application – SO2/air

• 7 neutralization tanks, each equipped with 2 off pH systems (redundancy) with automatic cleaning.

• cleaning is performed twice a day for 5min. with water and HCl (3%).

• electrodes lifetime is around 6 months, offline calibration every 3 months.

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Analytical measurements

Bed level and turbidity measurements

in thickeners

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Sludge level measurements in thickeners

Turbidity
(suspened solids)

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 Analytical Equipment in Mining

Analytical measurements – ultrasonic sludge level

Ultrasonic bed level sensor CUS71D

✓ 657 kHz

Transducer
Tank Bottom Echo
- measuring range up to 10 meters;
Sludge Interface Echo
- temperature max. 50 C (110C);
Standard Modification
- pressure up to 6 bars. modification with wiper

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Copper/zinc mine – North America

• Bed level measurement in tailings thickener.

• Evaluation against so called “Sludge Judge”.

• 6 month trouble free operation of CUS71D.

• Reliable measurements for better process control and flocculants dosage optimization.

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Test installation

Challenge:
Bed Level Measurement in counter current decantaion circuit
(CCD).
Environment:
Bed level sensor was installed in the first inlet thickener (4 in
Agresive enviroment (continuous raining, sludge skimm at
total).
water surface, changing process conditions)
Thickener dimensions:
Solution:
Height: 4.6m
CUS71D & CM442 – stable and reliable bed level
Diameter: 27.4m
measurements!

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Copper concentrate thickener

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Bed level control in carbon towers

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Turbidity measurements – thickeners overflow

Air cleaning

CUS51D – “D1” version

Sensor

Customer specific
calibration can be
requested

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Analytical measurements

Dissolved oxygen

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Oxygen sensors measuring methods

«Standard» «Standard»
amperometric optical

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Gold cyanide leaching process

General equation:
4 Au + 8 NaCN + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 Na[Au(CN)2] + 4 NaOH

Cyanides are used to dissolve gold and form stable gold-cyanide complex in a
presence of oxygen.

The oxygen is introduced in form of an air or as pure oxygen.

The cyanides (NaCN) concertation is in the range of 200-500 ppm, depending

on the ore’s mineralogy.

At the beginning of a leach cycle, pH value is raised to 10-11 via the lime
addition, to avoid formation of extremely dangerous HCN gas (Fig.2) and keep
cyanide in the solution for gold dissolving.

The dissolved gold is later absorbed by the activated carbon.

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

CIL (Carbon in Leach) tanks

4 Au + 8 NaCN + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 Na[Au(CN)2] + 4 NaOH

Application location: South America.

The COS61D sensor is used, less maintenance efforts in comparison with

classical amperometric oxygen sensor.

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Conductivity scale of different liquids

0,05 µS/cm Ultrapure water

1 µS/cm Pure water

conductive sensors
10 µS/cm
Water
Industrial water

100 µS/cm
Potable water
1 mS/cm

inductive sensors
Beer
Milk
10 mS/cm Orange juice Food
Apple juice
Tomato juice
100 mS/cm
Phosphoric acid
Sulphoric acid Process
1000 mS/cm Caustic soda

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Conductivity Measurement Applications

Conductivity

CIP control /
phase separation
CLS 52/CLS54D

Power stations
condensate
high temperatures
low conductivity
CLS 12 / CLS 13

Concentration /
Pure / Industrial / waste water
ultrapure water potable water high soiling
lowest conductivity medium high conductivity
conductivity aggressive media
CLS16D CLS15D CLS50D
CLS21D

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Inductive conductivity sensor CLS50/CLS50D

• Ideal solution for aggressive medium

• 100uS/sm to 2000 mS/sm

Oscillator Receiver
(Sender)
• Concentration of solutions
Primary Secondary
• No polarization effect coil coil

• Not sensitive for soiling and deposits

• Chemically resistant materials PEEK /PFA for H2SO4

Induced
• H2SO4 0 - 28%, 40 - 80%, 93 - 100% @ 0...+100 °C current flow

• Temperature up to 180C

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Analytical Equipment in Mining

Solvent extraction application

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