Annex 1: The Operators: Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in Different Coordinate Systems

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Annex 1

The operators: Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in different


Coordinate Systems
Operator Expression

The gradient Rectangular coordinates = + +


of scalar
function
Cylindrical coordinates = + +

Spherical Coordinates = + +

The Rectangular coordinates . = + +


divergence of
vector field:
. Cylindrical coordinates . = + + ( )

Spherical Coordinate . = ( )+ ( )+

The curl of
vector field: Rectangular coordinates × =
×

Cylindrical coordinates × =

sin
Spherical Coordinate × =
sin

The Laplacian
of scalar
Rectangular coordinates = + +
function:
Cylindrical coordinates = + +

Spherical = + +

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