NOUN CLOUSE

1.    The king ordered that the traitor should be put to death.
2.    He said that he would not go.
3.    That he is not interested in the offer is known to us.
4.    He said that he was not feeling well.
5.    I cannot rely on what he says.
6.    I don’t know where he has gone.
7.    He asked whether the servant had polished his shoes.
8.    The news that he is alive has been confirmed.
9.    The belief that the soul is immortal is almost universal.
10.    It is certain that we will have to admit defeat.
11.    It was fortunate that he was present.
12.    The report that only ten persons were killed in the riots is not true.

Answers

1.    Here the noun clause ‘that the traitor should be put to death’ is that object of
the verb ordered.
2.    Here the noun clause ‘that he would not go’ is the object of the verb said.
3.    Here the noun clause ‘that he is not interested in the offer’ is the subject of the
verb is.
4.    Here the noun clause ‘that he was not feeling well’ is the object of the verb
said.
5.    Here the noun clause ‘what he says’ is the object of the preposition on.
6.    Here the noun clause ‘where he has gone’ is the object of the verb know.
7.    Here the noun clause ‘whether the servant had polished his shoes’ is the object
of the verb asked.
8.    Here the noun clause ‘that he is alive’ is in apposition to the noun news.
9.    Here the noun clause ‘that the soul is immortal’ is in apposition to the noun
belief.
10.    Here the noun clause ‘that we will have to admit defeat’ is in apposition to
the pronoun it.
11.    Here the noun clause ‘that he was present’ is in apposition to the pronoun it.
12.    Here the noun clause ‘that only ten persons were killed in the riots’ is in
apposition to the noun report.
Adjective clause
1. Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was as white as snow.

2. The house that I live in belongs to my grandfather.

3. I am the monarch of all that I survey.

4. The dog that barks seldom bites.

5. It is an ill wind that blows nobody any good.

6. I still visit the village where I was born.

7. Here is the book that you are looking for.

8. God helps those who help themselves.

9. People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.

10. The boy who sits next to me is my cousin.

Answers

1. Adject clause - whose fleece was as white as snow; it modifies the noun lamb.

2. Adjective clause – that I live in; it modifies the noun house.

3. Adjective clause – that I survey; it modifies the indefinite pronoun ‘all’.

4. Adjective clause – that barks; it modifies the noun dog.

5. Adjective clause – that blows nobody any good; it modifies the noun ill wind.

6. Adjective clause – where I was born; it modifies the noun village.

7. Adjective clause – that you are looking for; it modifies the noun book.

8. Adj – those who help themselves; modifies the demonstrative pronoun ‘those’.

9. Adjective clause – who live in glass houses; it modifies the noun glass houses.

10. Adjective clause – who sits next to me; it modifies the noun boy.
Adverb clause…1. Even if it rains, I will come.

2. When you have finished your work, you may go home.

3. You can put it wherever you like.

4. I did not buy that watch because it was expensive.

5. You must go whether you hear from him or not.

6. He spoke in such a low voice that few people could hear him.

7. Since you have apologized, we will take no further action against you.

8. I have not been well since I returned from the hills.

9. He was so weak that he could not stand.

10. As he was not there, I spoke to his mother.

Answers

1. Adverb clause of concession – even if it rains

2. Adverb clause of time – when you have finished your work

3. Adverb clause of place – wherever you like

4. Adverb clause of reason – because it was expensive

5. Adverb clause of condition – whether you hear from him or not

6. Adverb clause of result – that few people could hear him

7. Adverb clause of cause – since you have apologized

8. Adverb clause of time – since I returned from the hills

9. Adverb clause of result – that he could not stand

10. Adverb clause of cause – as he was not there

PHRASE

Definition
A noun phrase is a group of words that does the work of a noun.

More examples of noun phrases are given below:

I enjoy playing tennis.

Did you enjoy reading this book?
He hopes to win the first prize.
He refused to answer the question.
I promise to come again.
I hate having to punish my servants.
The wicked vizier loves getting people into trouble.
Horses prefer living in dark stables.
I should hate to do such a thing.
He denied stealing the money.

Exercise
Complete the following sentences by supplying suitable noun phrases.

1. I want ————-
2. I don’t expect ————-
3. We all hope ————–
4. ————- surprised me.
5. Do you wish ————-?
6. My father hates —————-
7. ————– gives me no pleasure.

Answers

1. I want to become a great writer.

2. I don’t expect to finish the work today.
3. We all hope to succeed in life.
4. His winning the first prize surprised me.
5. Do you wish to go home?
6. My father hates having dinner so late.
7. Having so many children to look after gives me no pleasure.
Adjective Phrases
September 16, 2010 -

Sometimes a group of words does the work of an adjective.

Study the following examples.

 The mayor was a wealthy man.

 The mayor was a man of great wealth.

In sentence 1, the adjective wealthy says what sort of man the mayor was. In sentence 2, the
group of words ‘of great wealth’ also says the same thing. It qualifies the noun man as an
adjective does. It therefore does the work of an adjective and is called an adjective phrase.

Definition

An adjective phrase is a group of words that does the work of an adjective.

 The magistrate was a kind man. (Here the adjective kind modifies the noun man.)
 The magistrate was a man with a kind heart. (Here the adjective phrase ‘with a kind
heart’ modifies the noun man.)
 They lived in a stone house.
 They lived in a house built of stone.
 The workers belonged to a hill tribe.
 The workers belonged to a tribe dwelling in the hills.

Study the following adjectives and the adjective phrases that are equivalent to them.

 A golden necklace – a necklace made of gold

 A white coat – a coat of white color
 A jungle track – a track through the jungle
 A deserted city – a city with no inhabitants
 The French flag – the flag of France
 A wooden hut – a hut built of wood
 A blank page – a page with no writing on it
Grammar review: adverb phrases
An adverb phrase is a group of words that serves the purpose as an adverb. An adverb is a word
used to modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb.Study the examples given below.

 He behaved rudely. (Verb – behaved; adverb – rudely)

Here the word ‘rudely’ explains how he behaved.We can express the same idea using an adverb
phrase.

 He behaved in a rude manner.

Here the phrase ‘in a rude manner’ also explains how he behaved. As it modifies the verb
it acts as an adverb.Another example is given below.

I am typing now. (Here the adverb ‘now’ modifies the verb ‘am typing’)

I am typing at the moment. (Here the adverb phrase ‘at the moment’ modifies the verb ‘am
typing’.)

Computers were expensive then. (Adverb – then)

Computers were expensive in those days. (Adverb phrase – in those days)

He fell down. (Adverb – down)

He fell to the ground. (Adverb phrase – to the ground)

Study the adverbs and adverb phrases equivalent to them.

Bravely – in a brave manner or with bravery

Swiftly – in a swift manner, or with swiftness

Beautifully – in a beautiful style

Formerly – in former times, or once upon a time

Recently – just now or at a recent date

Soon – before very long

There – at the place

By using adverb phrases instead of adverbs, you can add variety to your writing.