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Module 1 1 Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person Edited PDF
Module 1 1 Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person Edited PDF
Philosophy of the
Human Person
{ Philosophy 11
First Semester AY 2020-2021
If action speaks louder than words,
Then words are unessential.
- Em Vee Nolong
Quote to Ponder:
Let’s Dig In:
“The only true wisdom is in knowing you know
nothing” Socrates
Module 1:
Let’s go to the journey into Philosophy.
sophia – wisdom
Games:
1. lovers of gain; (sells wares for money)
Why?
atoms
Diogenes of Sinope – cynicism and stoicism
Epicurus - Epicureanism
Plato – (dialectic)
Archimedes - Eureka
historical developments to
shaping Philosophy
HUMAN
THEO
COSMOS
Theo
- the basic answer to questions are coming from
God
(Medieval Period - 5th to 15th Centuries)
Human
- the basic answer to questions are the humans.
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
Medieval Period Scholasticism Application of St. Thomas Aquinas
( 5th to 15th Philosophy to St. Augustine
Centuries) (based on define and explain
Aristotelian religious doctrines
logic)
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
Renaissance Humanism Emphasis on the Petrarch
Period human person, use Desiderius Erasmus
(14th to 17th (human is of of philosophy to Niccolo Machavelli
Centuries) prime importance understand society,
rather than the nature and
divine) humanity.
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
The Rationalism Reason and logic Rene Descartes
Enlightenment are considered the Immanuel Kant
(17th to 18th (opinions and basis of knowledge Gottfried Leibniz
Centuries) actions should and belief; man
be based on has innate
reason and knowledge that
knowledge can be accessed
rather than on through intuition
religious belief or deduction.
or emotional
response)
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
The Empiricism Knowledge is David Hume
Enlightenment gained through the Francis Bacon
(17th to 18th ( all knowledge senses and John Locke
Centuries) is derived from experience; George Berkely
sense- reliance on
experience) inductive
reasoning to arrive
at generalizations.
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
The Social and Discussions on the Voltaire
Enlightenment Political ideal human Jean Jacques
(17th to 18th Philosophy situation and Rousseau
Centuries) society; emphasis Thomas Hobbes
on individual John Stuart Mill
rights and liberties.
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
Modern Period Existentialism Human experience Soren Kierkegaard
(19th to 20th is defined by the Friedrich Nietzsche
Centuries) (emphasizes the views, emotions, Martin Heidegger
existence of the and actions of the Jean Paul Sartre
individual individual Simone de Beauvoir
person as a free
and responsible
agent
determining
their own
development
thru acts of the
will)
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
Modern Period Pragmatism Emphasis on the Charles Peirce
(19th to 20th practical use of William James
Centuries) (it assesses the knowleddge and John Dewey
truth of meaning ideas.
of theories or
beliefs in terms
of the success of
their practical
application)
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
Modern Period Phenomenology Experience is Edmund Husserl
(19th to 20th studied based on
Centuries) (it concentrates the subjective
on the study of viewpoint of the
consciousness individual.
and the objects
of direct
experience.)
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
Modern Period Absurdism Man will never Albert Camus
(19th to 20th understand the
Centuries) (a belief that human condition
human beings and the meaning
exist in a of life.
purposeless,
chaotic universe)
Western Philosophy
Historical School of Main Notable
Period Thought Features/Beliefs Philosophers
Modern Postmodernism, Analysis on how Jacques Derrida
Period Poststructuralism knowledge, ideas, Michel Foucault
(19th to 20th and power
Centuries) (society is in a relations are
state of constant define.
change, no
absolute version
of reality, no
absolute truth)
Western Philosophy
- The Alchemist
Quote to ponder:
As the Greeks laid the foundation of Western
philosophy in Europe, several belief systems
and philosophies were already prevalent in
many communities in Asia.
Eastern Philosophy consists of school of
thought which are often closely tied with
religious beliefs.
They are often described as “wisdom”
literature, where stories, sayings, and texts
encourage people to adopt an ethical and
harmonious way of life.
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Main Proponents, Major
Period Thought, Features/Beliefs Texts
Belief System
(Region/Area)
Ca. 2000 BCE Judaism Belief in one God, Abraham
who has a role in the Moses
Israel, ultimate destiny of Various prophets
the Levant mankind; the Jewish
people are God’s Tanah
chosen people. Torah
Various scriptures
The observance of
God’s
Commandments has
rewards.
Understanding of the
scriptures will lead to
wisdom
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Main Proponents, Major
Period Thought Belief Features/Beliefs Texts
System
(Region/Area)
Ca. 1500 BCE Hinduism Belief in a pantheon The Vedas
of gods, with three
India main gods – Brahma,
South Asia Shiva, Vishnu.
Belief in a cycle of
birth and rebirth
(samsara), which is
broken when a
person achieves
ultimate union with
the Divine (moksha)
Emphasis on dharma,
actions contribute to
karma.
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Main Features/Beliefs Proponents,
Period Thought Major Texts
Belief System
(Region/Area)
Ca. 600 Shinto An animistic religion No distinct
BCE influenced by Japanese myth philosophers or
Japan and traditions. sacred texts
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Main Features/Beliefs Proponents,
Period Thought Major Texts
Belief System
(Region/Area)
Ca. 600 – 500 Jainism Rejects the idea of a Creator and Mahavira
BCE considers the universe as eternal
India and unceasing; Jain Agamas
time is a wheel which goes
through cycles of prosperity and
suffering.
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Main Features/Beliefs Proponents,
Period Thought Major Texts
Belief System
(Region/Area)
Ca. 400 BCE Buddhism Shares a number of main beliefs Siddharta
(samsara, dharma, moksha) with Gautama
South Asia Hinduism. (Buddha)
East Asia
Southeast Asia The 4 Noble Truth describes Tripitaka
worldly existence as imperfect
and influenced by earthly desires
and sufferings ((dukkha);
To rid oneself of desire and
achieve liberation from suffering,
one must follow the 8 Fold Path.
Theravada
Mahayana
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Main Features/Beliefs Proponents,
Period Thought Major Texts
Belief System
(Region/Area)
Ca. 400 BCE Confucianism The contemplation of the Confucius
order of things can lead to
East Asia self-transformation. The Five Classics
Self-transformation can lead
to the betterment of the
family and society.
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Main Features/Beliefs Proponents,
Period Thought Major Texts
Belief System
(Region/Area)
Ca. 200 BCE Taoism Emphasis on the unity and Lao Tzu
harmony among opposing
East Asia elements (yin and yang); I Ching
Individuals must seek to Tao Te Ching
understand and act in Zhuangzi
accordance with the natural
order.
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Thought Main Features/Beliefs Proponents,
Belief System
Period (Region/Area) Major Texts
Ca. 610 CE Islam Belief in one God (Allah); Muhammed
Commitment to faith is shown
West Asia through the practice of The Five Quran
Pillars:
Testament of faith (shahada)
Daily prayers (salat)
Alms- giving (zakat)
Fasting (sawm)
Pilgrimage (hajj)
Eastern Philosophy
Historical School of Main Features/Beliefs Proponents,
Period Thought Major Texts
Belief System
(Region/Area)
Ca. 1440 Sikhism God is believed to have created Guru Nanak
CE the universe and is present
India everywhere and in everything. Guru Nanak
Sahib
Man communicates with God
through meditation and his
ultimate destiny is union with
the Divine.
Eastern Philosophy
1.
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=history+of+ea
stern+philosophy
Family relations
Community relation
Classification:
Theistic (belief in a Supreme Being or deities)
Eastern Philosophy
Dividing the discipline into Western Philosophy
and Eastern Philosophy will classify it according
to its development through history.
As a field of study it is with great variety and
diversity.
Same thing with looking at a problem in many
and approaches.
dilemmas;
Metaphysics that deals with questions regarding
reality and existence; and
Philosophy of Human Person that studies the
nature of man
Philosophy is
A reflective activity; and
A meditative activity
experience
As an Analysis of
Framework As an As a Discipline
Examination of
Focuses on how Knowledge Has its own
individuals think goals,
about the world Analyzes the concerns, and
frameworks of methods
Seeks to address sciences and
internal and other areas Has branches
external questions that deal with
Examines the certain aspects
Clarifies, fundamental of life and
examines, and purpose of other
evaluates the basis scientific study phenomena
of frameworks
Philosophers are often wonder and argued about
the role of philosophy to a man’s life.
All of us is a philosopher.
Why study?
1. sense of wonder
2. due to doubt
Sources:
End of Lesson 1