Latest Version Worksheets 2020

UNIVERSITY OF SHARJAH

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL & ENVIROMENTAL

ENGINEERING

A A'
BH No. BH 2 BH 3 BH 5
Ground Level(m) 235.0 227.5 220.0
240.0 240.0
237.0 237.0
234.0 234.0
231.0 231.0
228.0 228.0
225.0
222.0
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Building Elevation LABORATORY 225.0
222.0
219.0 219.0
216.0
213.0 0401355 216.0
213.0
210.0 210.0
207.0 207.0
204.0 SUMMER
Sandy Clay 2019/ 2020 204.0
201.0 201.0
198.0 198.0
Experiment Name : Soil Identification and Description
195.0
Silty Sand
... 195.0
192.0 192.0
189.0 189.0
Group #....... Individual Sandstone
186.0
183.0
Brief Report. Clayey Sand/ Silty Clayey
186.0
183.0
...... 180.0
Sand
180.0
Names & IDs. :Muhammad Zakariya Nura

177.0 177.0
174.0 174.0
U17200355
171.0 171.0
168.0
Legend 168.0
165.0 Sandy Clay 165.0
162.0 Clayey Sand/ Silty Clayey Sand 162.0
159.0 Silty Sand 159.0
156.0 156.0
……………………………………………………………….…...
153.0
Sandstone
………………….. 153.0
150.0 150.0
………………………………………………………………..….. …………………..
………………………………………………………………….. …………………..
…………………………………………………………………... …………………..
………………………………………………………………….. …………………..
……………………………………………………………….….. …………………..
………………………………………………………………….. …………………..

400
300
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
DESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS

(Visual - Manual Procedure ASTM D 2488 )
Date 06/09/2020
Testing Area Temperature : 23 Co
Samp. #1 …Coarse grained Samp. #3 …Fine grained
Color Light Brown Grey

I
General
Odor None Nonorganic smell

II
Texture ( coarse, fine or
Coarse grained Fine grained
III mixed grained)
Moisture Condition Dry Wet

IV
a) Classify (gravel or sand)
mostly Sand(85% of sand )
Coarse Grained
coarse, med., fine
b) Graded (well or poor) Poor graded

Soils
V
c) Angularity _
d) Shape _
a) Dry strength Low

Fine Grained Soils
b) Dilatancy Slow to Rapid
c) Toughness Low
VI
d) Plasticity Low
e) Classify (silt or clay) Silt
f) Organic or None organic Nonorganic
Sample#1: Light brown, dry, none, poor graded, mostly sand
Sample#3: Grey, wet, nonorganic, low plasticity, silt

DESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS
(Visual - Manual Procedure ASTM D 2488 )
Date 06/09/2020
Testing Area Temperature : 23 Co
Samp. #2 …Coarse grained Samp. #4 …Fine grained
Color Grey Brown

I
General
Odor None Organic Smell

II
Texture ( coarse, fine or
Coarse grained Fine grained
III mixed grained)
Moisture Condition Moist Moist

IV
a) Classify (gravel or sand)
mostly gravel
Coarse Grained
coarse, med., fine
b) Graded (well or poor) Well Graded

Soils
V
c) Angularity Subangular
d) Shape
a) Dry strength High

Fine Grained Soils
b) Dilatancy Non
c) Toughness High
VI
d) Plasticity High
e) Classify (silt or clay) Clay
f) Organic or None organic Organic
Sample#2: Grey, moist, none, well graded, subangular, mostly gravel.
Sample#4: Brown, moist, organic smell, high plasticity, clay(CL)

Fine grained
Brown
Organic Smell
Fine grained
Moist
High
Non
High
High
Clay
Organic
CIVIL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:……………………………
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

(SIEVE - ANALYSIS)
Date ……../……/……… EXPERIMENT NO.:
Lab. Temperature :………….Co Lab. Humidity :...… %
TEST PERFORMED AS PER BS:1377:PART 2: 1990: TEST 9.2/9.3 ASTM D 422-90 AASHTO: T27
Sieving method: Wet Sieving Dry Sieveing
Sample No. …...… BH No.:……. Sample No. …...… BH No.:…….

Depth : From ………m To ……..m Depth : From ………m To ……..m
Total mass of dry sample[g] = Total mass of dry sample[g] =
ASTM Test Sieve Sieve Cumulative Cumulative Sieve Cumulative Cumulative

Sr. Sieve Mass Percent Sieve Mass Percent
Mass + Percent percent Mass + Percent percent
No. Aperture Mass Retain. Retain. Mass Retained Retain.
Designation Soil Retained passing Soil Retained passing
Size
- - mm g g g % % % g g g % % %
1 3" 75.0
2 2" 50.0
3 1 1/2" 37.5
4 1 inch 25.0
5 3/4 inch 19.0
6 3/8 inch 9.50
7 No. 4 4.75
8 No.8 2.36
9 No. 10 2.00
10 No. 16 1.18
11 No. 20 0.850
12 No. 30 0.600
13 No. 40 0.425
14 No. 50 0.300
15 No. 60 0.250
16 No. 100 0.150
17 No. 140 0.106
18
No. 200 0.075
Pan
S S
For the sieve serial No. ………, calculate the followings :
1) % retained :
2) Cumulative % retained :
CIVIL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3) Cumulative % passing :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & ENV. ENGINEERING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Fine Medium Coarse Fine Coarse

CLAY SILT COBBLES BOULDERS
SAND % Gravel GRAVEL
% Fines
% Sand
Cc = D302/ Cu =
Sample PI Group
No.
Legend LL PL
result
D10 D30 D60 (D60*D10) D60 / D10
1< Cc<3 >(6 , 4)
Soil Classification Symbol
S1 _____ .
S2 . -----
S3 . _. _._
CIVIL and ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:………………………
Date: …... / ….. /20….. Hydrometer Analysis Hydrometer Type : ASTM-151-H

Descriptionof soil : Lab. Humidity :...… % Experiment No.4
Gs: 2.60 to 2.65
Dry mass of soil W: Temperature of test,T; Co
Temperature correc. (FT): +/- 0.000 h(g.s/cm2)= ,*10-
Zero correction ( Fz): 0.00 0.002 to 0.004 Meniscus correct. (Fm):+ 0.000
1.0042-0.9982 0.9984-0.9982 0.0002 to 0.0005
1.0062-0.9982 0.9986-0.9982 1
CALIBRATION 2
B) Hydrometer Calibr. for Calculation of Factor F T;P% A)Hydrometer Cali. for Calculation of L1;L;D
Equation for effective depth L= L1+ 0.5[L2-d]
1.0000
12" = 0.2 min or L = L1+0.5[L2-(VB/A)]
Temp.T Density
0.9995 13" = 0.217 min Equation: L = L1+0.5[L2-(VB*b/1000)]
30 0.99568 0.9990
14" = 0.233 min
26 0.99682 Length of bulb (cm) L2= 14.3

0.9985
24 0.99733 15" = 0.25 min Volume of hydrometer bulb (cc) V67.8
B
=
22 0.99780 0.9980 16" = 0.266 min Length of grad.Cylin. 0-1000,(cm) 33.6

20 0.99823 17" = 0.283 min
0.9975
18 0.99862 18" = 0.3 min General Equation L1 = m*R + c
L1(cm)
0.9970
GIVEN:
16 0.99897 19" = 0.316 min 4.35 9.75 m= -270
12 0.99950 0.9965 20" = 0.333 min R 1.025 1.005 c= 281.1
8 0.99986 Equation: L1= 281.100 -270.0 * RCL .
0.9960
4 1.00000 1000
0.9955 30*h*L h (g.s/ cm2) L (cm)
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
D(mm)=
(Gs-Gw)*t Gw =1 t (min)
Rcp =R + FT - Fz RcL = R + Fm
Time Hydrometer Rcp P%=(RCP-1) *(100000 * Gs ) RCL L1 L D h [g.s/cm2
(min.) Reading ,R W Gs-Gw Cm Cm (mm) L [cm]
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 Gw =1
0.25 t [min]
0.5
2 a) 9% 1
4 1
8 b) 10% 1
15 1
30 c) 11% 1
60 1
120 d) 13% 1
240 1
480 e) 15% 1
1440 1
Approximate% of clay = % passing sieve # 200 in the original sample is :

example :
At time of ……… minutes, calculate the followings :
1 ) Correcting Reading for calculation of Percent finer Rcp =
2) Cumulative % finer P % =
3 ) Correcting Reading for calculation of effective Length (depth) RcL =
4) Length L1 =
5) Effective length L =
6) Particle's diameter corresponds to that time D =
100
0.0010
CLAY 0 0.01CLAY 0.1 100
0.0010 ### 0.01 0.1
90
0.0011 0.02 0.08
PERCENT FINER
0.0011 0.02 0.08

80
0.0013 0.03 0.09
70 0.0013 0.03 0.09
0.0015 0.04
60 0.0015 0.04
0.0016 0.05
50
0.0016 0.05
0.0017 0.06 0.006

40
0.0017 0.06 0.006
0.07
30
0.07
20 [X VALUE]
10
[X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
0.0020
SILT
1
0.0010 0.010 [X VALUE]

1
0
0.0011 0.0111
Particle size (mm)

%
Legen
Sample No. LL PL PI result Sa % Silt % Clay Primary Soil Classification
d
nd
._____ S1
._ . _ . _ S2
…….. S3
Discuss obtained results :

Conclusion (with respect to objectives) :

Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:…………………………
ATTERBERG LIMITS (LIQUID & PLASTIC LIMITS)
Date ……../……/……… EXPERIMENT NO.: 1
Lab. Temperature :………….Co Lab. Humidity :...… % 1
TEST PERFORMED AS PER: ASTM : D 4318-95 BS 1377-90 OTHERS 1

Sample No. : Depth (m) :From: To: 1
Proportion of sample passing 425 mm = % 1
Description of soil : 1
LIQUID LIMIT
Test Number No. 0

Number Of Blows No. 1.5
Container Number No. 1.5
Mass of Moist soil + Container (g) 1.5
Mass of Dry soil + Container (g) 1.5
Mass of Container (g) 1.5
Mass of dry soil (g) 1.5
Mass of water (g) 1.5
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 1.5
Checking of One Point Liquid Limit for each of the three trials using the general Formula :
LL( )= ωn * [N/25]0.121
LL ( )
= LL ( )
= LL ( )
=
PLASTIC LIMIT
Test Number No.

Container Number No.
Mass of Moist soil + ContaineNo. 1
Mass of Dry soil + Container (g) 1
Mass of Container (g) 1
Mass of water (g) 1
Mass of dry soil (g) 1
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 1
From the graph find the value of liquid limit .

L.L = % P.L = % P.I. = % 3
ATTERBERG LIMITS (LIQUID & PLASTIC LIMITS)

MO IST URE CO NT ENT (% )
11 45 15 21 31
11 35 15 21 31
43
12 25 22 32
42
12 25 22 32
13 30 23 33
41 13 30 23 33 35 43
14 24 34 35 35
40
14 24 34
39 16 26 36 2
16 26 36
38
17 27 37
17 27 37
37
18 28 38
36 18 28 38
19 29 25 39 30 152
35
10 20 40
19 29
NUMBER OF BLOWS 39
Consistency plot (plot showes the potenitial for soil to swell)
Natural w% = 20 25 30 35 36
e:
m
su
% clay = 5 7 10 15 18
As
For the data assumed on the above , calculate the following :
Criteria
1) Liquidity Index L.I. (w - P.L.) = L.I.> 0 :normally consolidated clay 1
P.I. L.I.< 0 :overconsolidated clay
<0.75 : Not Active Clay

2) Activity A P.I. = A: 0.75 - 1.25 :Normal clay 1
% of clay >1.25 : Active Clay
<= 0.75 Local failure of clay

Consistency Index:
Stiff to very Stiff

tan f* = 2/3 x tan f , c*=(2/3)c
3) Consisteny Index C.= L.L. - ,

w=
P.L. >0.75 General failure of clay
Very soft to soft
tan f* = tan f , c = c
Plasicity Index P.I. Plasticity Dry strength Visual / Manual Identification

0 Non Plastic Very low Falls apart easily
1 to 10 Slightly Plastic Slight Easily crushed with fingers
10 to 20 Medium Plastic Medium Difficult to crush with fingers
30 to 40 Highly Plastic
High Impossible to crush with fingers
> 40 Very high Plastic
CIVIL and ENVIRONM. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Name :……………………………………………………
MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP

Lab. Temperature :………….Co Lab. Humidity :...… %
Sample Description :…………….………………………………………...……………………………………………...…………
TEST PERFORMED AS PER: BS 1377:90 ASTM D1557-91 OTHERS
* SAMPLE ID. :
* SOIL RETAINED(%by weight) ON SIEVE : 3/4"= SPECIFIC GRAVITY Gs = 2.40

* SPECIFIED PROCEDURE : A B C OTHERS
* MOLD DIMENSION : * RAMMER PARAMETERS: * COMPACTION

- Diameter [cm] …………… - Weight [kg] …………… CHARACTERISTICS:
- Height [cm] …………… -Drop [cm] …………… * NO. OF LAYERS =……..
- Volume [cm3] …………… -Type : Mechanical Manual * BLOWS/LAYER = …….
- Weight [g] ……....…
Compaction Data :
MOLD + MOIST SOIL g
MOIST SOIL g
WET DENSITY (3decimals only) g /cm3
Assumed Moisture Content w ( % ) ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

1+w : ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Assumed Dry desity (3decimals only) g /cm 3
Moisture Content Data :

TEST No./ Container No. No.
Mass of Moist soil + Container g
Mass of Dry soil + Container g
Mass of Container only g
Mass of water g
Mass of dry soil g
ACTUAL MOISTURE CONTENT w %
ACTUAL DRY DENSITY (3decim. only) g /cm3

Assume Gs = 2.50
Moisture Content for zero air voids w [% ] 10 12 14 15 16 17
rw g
Zero Air Voids rzav= 1.94 1.86 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70
(1/Gs+w) cm3
Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:…………………………
MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP

( Compaction Curve )
ACTUAL MOISTURE CONTENT w %
ACTUAL DRY DENSITY (3decim. only) g /cm3
Moisture Content for zero air voids w[%] 10 12 14 15 16 17

rw g
Zero Air Voids rzav= 1.94 1.86 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70
(1/Gs+w) cm3
1.82
As an Individual work , each
student has to do his own
1.80
Dry Density r (g/cm3)
calculation and draw compact

ion curve - in proper scale .
1.78
ZAV line is a must to check if
1.76 the work is right or not.
For the same soil tested in the
1.74 field using sand cone method ,
state the followings :
1.72 1) Degree of cmpaction if
the field density is :
1.70
a) 1.70 b) 1.80
1.68 c) 1.90 d) 2.00

Degree of compaction =
1.66
(Density in the field / Max. Dry Density
)*100 % = ……/ …….= ……… %
1.64
2) Did the tested sample in the

1.62
field pass or fail if the project
specifications require a degree
1.60
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 of compaction of :
Moisture Content w (%)
I) 90% II) 95% III) 98%
- Max. Dry Density [g/cm3] : - Optimum Moisture Content (%) :
Compction Characteristics Embankment materials

Compaction
Group Symbol Value as Embankment Materials
Chracteristics
GW Very Stable
GP Stable GM ?
GC
Good SW
Reasonably Stable
SP
SM
SC
Good to fair Reasonably Stable when dense
CL
Good to Poor ML Poor , gets better with high density
Fair to poor OL , MH , CH , OH , PT Poor , Unstable

Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:…………………………
PERMEABILITY (COSTANT HEAD METHOD)

(Observations and Calculations)
Lab. Temperature :………….Co Lab. Humidity :...…%
Sample Description :…………….…………………………………………………...…………
TEST PERFORMED AS PER STANDARD METHOD SAMPLE NO :
 Description of Soil :
 Specimen Type : Undisturbed Disturbed Compacted Others
Specimen compacted as per: BS 1377-90 : Pt-4 Test 3 ASTM : D 698/1557-78 AASHTO: T99/T186-86
Maximum particle size 2.0mm (No.10) 9.5mm 19mm 37.5mm
 Specimen diameter = ………………………………… cm  Specimen area =…………………. cm2
 Specimen height = ……………………………………. cm  Specimen volume = ……………… cm3
 Mass of specimen = ……………………………… kg  Initial wet density = ……………… kg/m3
 Initial moisture content = …………………………. %  Dry density = …………………….. Kg/m3
 Temperature of water = …………………………Co  Temperature correction factor = ……………..
Characteristic Symbol Unit Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
 Average flow Q cm3
 Time of collection t seconds
 Head difference h cm
 Diameter of Specimen D cm
 Length of Specimen under consideration L cm
 Area of specimen A cm2
QL
Coefficient of permeability: K= k cm/sec
Aht
K20o= KTo* hTo

 Average K at test temperature = --------------------- cm/sec. h20o
 Average K at 20oC = ---------- x --------- =……………..… cm/sec.

Conclusion (with respect to objectives) : s VS t Stres / Mohr's Circle (Mohr-Columb Envelope)

CIVIL and ENVIRONMENTAL ENGG DEPARTMENT
Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:………………………… ASTM D1883

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR Test) : used for flexible pavement only
CBR is a relative mechanical strength of road's soil layer (from top:Base Course ,Road Base & Sub-Base )
which overly the natural soil or backfill . And is compared with standard (crushed rock and sand from California)
The CBR ratio can be calculated by dividing corrected load/stress obtained from the graph to the standard load
(stress) : Standard loads are 13.44 & 20.06 whereas sresses are 1000&1500 psi , @ 0.1 in. & 0.2 in ,repectively.
step1 : Do modified proctor test (56 blows per layer) then obtain rdry max and optimum w in %
This test is called 100 % MDD test
step2 :For CBR @ 95% of rdrymax, three soil samples to be prepared (one is sufficent for BS standard)
with different strengths.Crush them in CBR machine then draw the corresponding graphs .
step 3 : Do the correction for the each graph (if needed) , then find the CBR value @ 0.1" and @ 0.2"
by dividing preceding values on standard load values : L
to check
o the need for correction
EXAMPLE 1 ,compare
a with Normal Trend Shape
Specimen No. 1 Normal
Penetrat Trend
d Shape
R
Weak with 10 blows per layer ion Load [KN]
e
[mm]
Penetratio Load a
Load [KN] 0.00 di 0.00
n [mm] Reading
n
0.00 0 0.00 0.64 g 1.75
0.64 5 0.10 1.27 3.40
1.27 18 0.36 1.91 5.20
1.91 38 0.77 2.54 6.90
2.54 69 1.39 3.18 8.70
3.18 105 2.12 3.81 10.40
3.81 148 2.99 4.45 12.20
4.45 193 3.90 5.08 13.80
5.08 250 5.05 5.72 15.00
5.72 275 5.56 6.35 15.80
6.35 315 6.36 6.99 16.20
6.99 355 7.17 7.62 16.30
7.62 388 7.18 8.26 16.20
8.26 425 8.59 8.89 15.90
8.89 456 9.21 9.53 15.20
9.53 491 9.92 10.16 14.20
10.16 516 10.42 CBR @ 0.1" = P1/13.44=……../13.44=…....%
CBR @ 0.2" = P1/20.06=……../20.06=…....%
For weak sample CBR is…………..%
Specimen No. 2
medium with 10 blows per layer
Penetratio Load
Load [KN]
n [mm] Reading
0.00 0 0.00
0.64 9 0.18
1.27 32 0.65 2.54 0
1.91 75 1.52 2.54 ###
2.54 131 2.65
3.18 192 3.88
3.81 255 5.15
4.45 312 6.30 5.08 0
5.08 412 8.32 5.08 ###
5.72 450 9.09
6.35 485 9.80
6.99 510 10.30
7.62 485 9.80
8.26 480 9.70
8.89 475 9.60
9.53 470 9.49
10.16 465 9.39 CBR @ 0.1" = P1/13.44=……../13.44=…....%
CBR @ 0.2" = P1/20.06=……../20.06=…....%
For medium sample CBR is…………..%
Specimen No. 3
Default with 56 blows per layer
Penetratio Load
Load [KN]
n [mm] Reading
0.00 0 0.00
0.64 17 0.34
1.27 55 1.11
1.91 104 2.10
2.54 188 3.80
3.18 276 5.56
3.81 368 7.43
4.45 456 9.21
5.08 583 11.78
5.72 650 13.13
6.35 680 13.74
6.99 720 14.54
7.62 780 15.76
8.26 790 15.96
8.89 783 15.82
9.53 765 15.45
10.16 733 14.81 CBR @ 0.1" = P1/13.44=……../13.44=…....%
CBR @ 0.2" = P1/20.06=……../20.06=…....%
Required density for CBR For default (100% strength) sample CBR is………%
preparation either :
1)@100% of max dry density or
2)@ 95% of max dry density
Maximum Dry Density 1935
Optimum Moisture 11.5
As per ASTM standerds 3 molds
with 3 differnent energeies to be
prepared then find expected CBR 2.54 0
@ 95% density 2.54 20
step 4 : Join the points of the
obtained dry densities rdry
against corrected CBR values
and find 95% of MDD with correspo- 5.08 0
nding CBR value(given below): 5.08 20
Note that 100% of rdrymax is obtained

from 56 blows mold
Dry density blows/layer CBR
Kg/m3 No. %
1743 10 33
1854 25 42
1935 56 59
95% of Optimum w CBR@

MDD % 95%MDD
1838 11.5 41
1838 10
1838 80
Final CBR value = 41..%
Normal values of CBR % :
3% Farm Land
4.75% Moist Clay
10% Moist Sand

> 80% High Quality Crushed Rock (Base Course) , normally Gravely size & Sand and having rdrymax >2.0
Design Problem / Practical Application of CBR

Design of Airport pavement courses Runway and Taxi way
For the design of runway and taxi way for the aircraft of certain weight this mechanical strength of soil called CBR
plays a very good role in finding the thickness of each layer including the wearing coat (Asphalt wear pavement- .
Marshal Test )
optimal pavement thickness of Asphalt Wheel Pound CBR Value for the top 6" of
Wheel Pound Loads concrete (wearing surface-designed Loads Road BASE Course
with help of Marshal Test)
0-15k……..... 2" 15,000 or less 50 rarely
>15k-40k….. 3" 15k-40k 65
>40k-55k….. 4" 40k-70k 80
>55k-70k….. 5" 70k-150k 80+
>70k……..… 6"
Note1 :The body of the road consists of 4 layers in addition to the subgrade (not part of the pavement)
Note2: Asphaltic concret consists of two layers , wearing course with less voids as top & Base Course
as bottom layer with more voids( this is to allow water from surface or sholder to drain out downward).
Note3 :sometimes in between Wearing Course and Base Course comes Binder Course
Problem:
What is the minimum pavement thickness above a natural subgrade which has a CBR value of :
a ) 7% b ) 8% c ) 9% a ) 10%
if it is to support a taxiway pavement designed to support a :
A ) 30,000 lb airplane (15,000 wheel load) ? B ) 80,000 lb airplane (40,000 wheel load) ?
C ) 140,000 lb airplane (70,000 wheel load) ? D ) 300,000 lb airplane (150,000 wheel load) ?
Note : Optimize the cost using combination of available materials : CBR 80% CBR 30% CBR 15%
if it is given the cost per inch thick. in dirhams as follows, respectively: 150 100 33
(It is not a must to use all four types of soil to optimize the cost)
SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM Solution steps :
d"
Asphalt Concrete AC
1- for the given wheel load , required total (including wearing
Wearing c.
1 2-6" Wearing Course 3"

course) thickness above the given compacted Sub-grade is …..."
2- for the given wheel load ,required CBR for the top 6" of Road
Asph. Base
2-3" Asphalt Base

2 3"
Base below wearing surface is ………% Course
Top 6" of Road Base

Course with CBR = 65
BASE
3- The balance thickness for the remaining layers above the 3 to +80% 6"
Impoterd SOIL
natural subgrade is ……….-…………..=……………. "
4- For the balance thickness calculated in the previous step , Sub-Base (drainage
Sub-Base
given wheel load ,available Sub-Base material with corresponding layer) with CBR = 15
Variable
4
CBR values , from the graph ,minimum cost would be with to 30 % from high
&
4'
permeable aggregate
selecting :
ONE OR TWO
,* one layer ……." thick with CBR value of ……..% OR LAYERS
Compacted natural
Natural SOIL
,* two layers : top layer ……." thick with CBR value of ……..% Sub-grade
Sub-grade
Given
& bottom layer …….." thick with CBR value of ……….% 5 with given CBR(0-20%)
(triaxial,CBR,plate Bear.
Important notes for preparation and testing CBR samples :

1) CBR soil sample should be soaked for a period of 96hrs ( 4 dayes )prior to testing
2) Mold base should be perforatet to allow soaking of the soil sample
3) Minimum surcharge weight to be applied on the sample during soaking = 4.54kg ( to simulate dead load of the soil above)
4) Rate of loading during crushing CBR sample = 1.27mm/min (1/2" /min)
" a point on the curve for a given CBR material represents the minimum thickness of pavement
courses that will reside above it , in order to maintain stability"

LABORATORY CONSOLIDATION TEST Data of Remolded Soil Sample
GIVEN TO BE CALCULATED
Ring Mass = g Mass of Moist Soil = g
(Ring+Initial Moist Soil) Mass g Initial Water content wo = %
Specimen Diameter = mm Specimen Area = cm2
Initial Spe. Height = mm Height of Solids (Hs) = mm
(Ring+Final Moist Soil) Mass g Height of Voids (Hv) = mm
(Ring+ Dry Soil) Mass g Mass of Dry Soil = g
Overburden press. po=g*d Pc= Final Water content w f = %
45 Initial lab Void Ratio (eo )
l
Specific Gravity = Hv/Hs
OCR
Increase of vertical pressure Dp = Initial Field Void Ra. (eof) Gs.wo
Loading Stage Loading Stage
Pressure on specimen= kPa Pressure on specimen= kPa
Time after Vertical Time after Vertical Vertical
load Square root Vertical dial dial load Square root dial dial
aplication, t of time reading reading aplication, t of time reading reading
(min) (min)0.5 (division) (mm) (min) (min)0.5 (division) (mm)
0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0
Unloading Final Dial Reading (Division)

0.25 0.5 0.25 0.5
1.00 1.0 1.00 1.0
2.25 1.5 2.25 1.5
4.00 2.0 4.00 2.0
6.25 2.5 6.25 2.5
9.00 3.0 9.00 3.0
12.25 3.5 12.25 3.5
16.00 4.0 16.00 4.0
20.25 4.5 20.25 4.5
25.00 5.0 25.00 5.0
36.00 6.0 36.00 6.0
60.00 7.7 60.00 7.7
120.00 11.0 120.00 11.0
240.00 15.5 240.00 15.5
480.00 21.9 480.00 21.9
1440.00 37.9 1440.00 37.9
Loading Stage Loading Stage
Pressure on specimen= kPa Pressure on specimen= kPa
Time after Vertical Time after Vertical Vertical
load Square root Vertical dial dial load Square root dial dial
aplication, t of time reading reading aplication, t of time reading reading
(min) (min)0.5 (division) (mm) (min) (min)0.5 (division) (mm)
0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0

0.25 0.5 0.25 0.5
1.00 1.0 1.00 1.0
2.25 1.5 2.25 1.5
4.00 2.0 4.00 2.0
6.25 2.5 6.25 2.5
9.00 3.0 9.00 3.0
12.25 3.5 12.25 3.5
16.00 4.0 16.00 4.0
20.25 4.5 20.25 4.5
25.00 5.0 25.00 5.0
36.00 6.0 36.00 6.0
60.00 7.7 60.00 7.7
120.00 11.0 120.00 11.0
240.00 15.5 240.00 15.5
480.00 21.9 480.00 21.9
1440.00 37.9 1440.00 37.9
Unloading Final Dial Reading (mm) for pressure on specimen of 0.1 kPa =
Loading Un-loading
Final Final Final
Final Dial Final Speci. Height of Void Final Dial Speci. Height of Void
Pressure P Pressure P
Reading R Hieght Ht(f) void, Hv Ratio Reading R Hieght void, Hv Ratio
e Ht(f) e
(kPa) (mm) (mm) (mm) - (kPa) (mm) (mm) (mm) -

0.1 0.00 20.00
0.1
Experiment name :Consolidation test
Part I …. Group Work :
Title Score Deduction
Cover Page, Appendix A & Report Grading Sheet (missing any of these
3
pages will worth deduction of 2 marks )
Table of Content 1
Objective 1
Two Practical Applications (only two practical applications ) 2
List of Equipment / Tools , Specimen & Sketches 2
Testing Procedure 2
Data Sheets (for team work) 1
Graphs with finalized results (for team work-each graph worths 2 marks) 20
Calculations & Tabulation of results ( sample calculation for each type is a must) 3
Discussion of results (discuss obtained results ) 3
Bibliography (one book and one internet link are sufficient) 1
Arrangment of report (keeping report neat , orderly, proper font size… etc ) 2
Total Score 41
.+ / -
Final Group Grade
Part II …. Individual Work (Data sheet + Graph sheet)

Individual Graphs work (39)
Final Report
Student Name ID. (e,p)graph (d,SQR t) (d,LOG t) Grade (80)
13 13 13
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:…………………………

Initial specimen hight Hti = cm Hight of solids Hs = cm Gs=
Beginning moisture content wo = % Final moisture content wf = % Weight of dry siol = g
change in Avg. hight Fitting Time
cv
Pressure Final Dial Final Speci. Height of Final Void
P Reading R
specimen
Hieght Ht(f) voids, Hv Ratio e
during from
hight DH consol. Htav t 90 t50 t 90 t50
(kPa) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) - (mm) sec sec cm2 / day cm2 / day
0.1 0.00 20.00
160 Cv VS. Pressure P

150
140 1.30
Void
Cv [cm2/ Day ]
(
130 1.20
120
1.10
110
1.00
100
0.90
90
0.80
80
70 0.70
60
0.60
50
0.50
20 4030 40 50 60 70 80 90
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.40
30
25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95
[X VALUE] [X VALUE][X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
[X VALUE] [X VALUE] 1 [X VALUE]
25 2035 45 55 65 75 85 95 0.30
10 20
0.01 0.1 1
0.64 0.3 0.3 100
0.64 1.3 160 1.3 Pressure P [.............]
Bonus+2 : Pracical Application for Cv (procedure to reduce expected future settlement)
If the value of Cv (a unique value is taken as an average between t90 & t50 at a certain building load ) for a clayey layer 4.72m
thick subjected to building load equal 30 cm2/ day and the total expected consolidation settlement = 4",how many days will it
take for 2" consolidation ?
Note clay is dranined from top and bottom. 365.7

Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:…………………………

CONSOLIDATION TEST
Lab. Temperature :………….C o
initial w0 = …….. %
Sample Description :…………….………………………………………...……………………………………………...…………
TEST PERFORMED AS PER BS:1377:PART 5: 1990: TEST 3 ASTM : D2435-80 AASHTO: T216-83
Loading stage Unloading stage

Final Deflection Void Final Deflection Void
Press- Height of Ratio Press- Height of Ratio
Dial (Change Final Hight Dial (Change Final Hight
ure Voids e ure Voids e
Reading in Hight ) Reading in Hight )
P DH Htf =Hti -DH Hv =Htf - Hs Hv / Hs P DH Htf =Hti -DH Hv =Htf - Hs Hv / Hs
KN/m2 Division mm mm mm -- KN/m2 Division mm mm mm --
0.1 0.00 0.00 20.00
0.1
10 0.3 8 0.3
10 1.3 8 1.3
1.30
Void Ratio 100 0.3 9 0.3
(e)
100 1.3 9 1.3
1.20
200 0.3
200 1.3
1.10
300 0.3
300 1.3
1.00
400 0.3
400 1.3
0.90
1 0.3
1 1.3
0.80
2 0.3
2 1.3
0.70
3 0.3
3 1.3
0.60
4 0.3
4 1.3
0.50
5 0.3
5 1.3
0.40
6 0.3
6 1.3
0.30
1 10 100
7 0.3
7 1.3 Pressure ,p...........................[ ...................... ]
Cc =…….…/…………. = …………….. pc =….…[….….]
Cs or Ce = ….………. / ………….……… = ……………… Given :Overburden pressure po=g*d= ………
Relation Cc/Cs =…..../…….… = ……….. compare ,Range : 5 to 10 O.C.R = pc/po =………… / ………….. = …………..
Bonus+2 :
Calculate consolid. sc if a single story villa load of Dp=30 KN/m2 is applied at top of the given clayey layer (600 cm thick)
po+ Dp = ………KN/ m2 Cs H * log[(po+Dp) / po] Cs H * log[pc/po] + Cc H *log[(po+Dp) / pc ]

< pc , S=
1+eo
> pc, S= 1+eo 1+eo
Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:…………………………

CONSOLIDATION TEST 35
Deformation (mm) Deformation VS0.25
Time 0
6 0 36 0 0.01 0
[X VALUE] 6 1.4 36 1.4 1.0 0.25 1.4 0.01 1.4
0
2.25 0 60 0
2.25 1.4 60 1.4 2 0
0.175
4 0 120 0 2 1.4
0.35 4 1.4 120 1.4
1 1 0 1.4
0.525 6.25 0 240 0
6.25 1.4 240 1.4
0.7 9 0 480 0
9 1.4 480 1.4
0.875 12.25 0 1440 0 14
12.25 1.4 1440 1.4
1.05 16 0 3 0
16 1.4 3 1.4
1.225
20.25 0 5 0
[X VALUE] 20.25 1.4 5 1.4
[X VALUE] [X[XVALUE]
[X VALUE]
[X [X
VALUE]VALUE]
[X
VALUE]
[X
[XVALUE]
[X
VALUE]
VALUE]
[X [X
VALUE] VALUE]
[X[X
VALUE] VALUE]
[X VALUE]
VALUE] [X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
[X VALUE]
1.4
0.0
25 0
0.1
7 0 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0
25 1.4 7 1.4 Time (min.)
t50 for sress of ……..Kpa = ,= min. 2
For 50% degree of cons. of tested sample thicknes of Hdr= 2.0cm , the coefficient of con. CV=0.197* (2.0/2)2/….....…..=……..….....cm2/day
How long does 50% cons. need to occure if the thickness of clay in the field = 600 cm?.t50=0.197*(600/2)2/……...= ………….….years
0.00 0.00(mm)
Deformation 0.00 1.2
0.50
1.20 0.50 0.00 1.2
1.00 1.00 0.00 1.2
1.50
1.05 1.50 0.00 1.2
2.00 2.00 0.00 1.2
0.90
2.50 2.50 0.00 1.2
3.00 3.00 0.00 1.2
0.75
3.50 3.50 0.00 1.2
4.00 4.00 0.00 1.2
0.60
4.50 4.50 0.00 1.2 14
5.00 5.00 0.00 1.2
0.45
6.00 6.00 0.00 1.2
7.75
0.30 7.75 0.00 1.2
10.95 10.95 0.00 1.2
15.49
0.15 15.49 0.00 1.2
21.91 21.91 0.00 1.2
0.00
37.95 37.95 0.00 1.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Square Root of Time (min)0.5
t90 , = t90 for sress of ……….Kpa = min. 4
For 90% degree of cons. of tested sample thicknes of Hdr= 2.0cm , the coefficient of con. CV=0.848* (2.0/2)2/…….……..=…….….....cm2/day
How long does 90% cons. need to occure if the thickness of clay in the field = 600 cm?.t90=0.848*(600/2)2/…….…..= ………....….years
Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:…………………………

UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST 1
indirect shear strength estimation (mechanical property ) EXPERIMENT NO.:

Date ……../……/……… Lab. Temperature :………….Co Lab. Humidity : ...… %
Sample Description :…………….………………………………………...……………………………………………...………… 1
Test performed as per BS:1377:PART 7: 1990: ASTM : D2435-85 ASTM: D2166 AASHTO: T208-84
Calibration Factor :…..……N / divesion Type of sample : undisturbed Compacted
Measurements of soil specimen Setting speed :…………

Initial length Lo = ……..……mm Weight of wet sample = ………g
Initial Diameter Do = ……..……mm Moisture content = ………….%
Initial Area Ao = ……...….mm2 Wet density = ………..…Kg/m3
Volume V = ……...….mm3 Dry density = …………… Kg/m3
Vertical displacement Vertical Strain Axial Correct. Area

Proving ring Ac = A0 / (1- e) Axial Stress = P/Ac
Specimen reading
Gauge reading Deformation e = (DL / L)*100 load
DL e P Ac s
- mm % - N mm2 kN/m2
### 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
50 0.5
100 1.0
150 1.5
200 2.0
250 2.5
300 3.0
350 3.5
400 4.0
450 4.5
500 5.0
550 5.5
600 6.0
650 6.5
700 7.0
750 7.5
800 8.0
850 8.5
900 9.0
950 9.5
1000 10.0
UnConsolidated UnDrained Compressive Strength (max. s OR s @ 15% strain) KN/m2:

Vertical displacement Vertical Strain Correct. Area

Proving ring
Specimen Axial load Ac = A0 / (1- e) Axial Stress = P/Ac
Gauge reading Deformation e = (DL / L)*100 reading
DL e P Ac s
- mm % - N mm2 kN/m2
1050 10.5
1100 11.0
1150 11.5
1200 12.0
1250 12.5
1300 13.0
UnConsolidated UnDrained Compressive Strength (max. s OR s @ 15% strain) KN/m2:
ASTM :The Unconfined Compressive Strength Su is the

Compressive Stress @ which an Unconfined cylindrical Soil
Specime will fail in a simple compression test
undrained SHEAR STRESS Su or t [KN/m 2]
sV S
/ tStress /M(-ohr's C ircle (M ohr-
100 C olumb Envel ope )
80
60
NORMAL STRESS
Stress VS Strain..su [KN/m2]
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Normal Stress s [KN/m2]
Axial Strain e % x 10-2
From Mohr's circle find fu & Cu for the following cases : From the above graph determine the following Moduli:
A) Case of fully Saturated Soil Sample (i.e. a= 45o) 1) Initial tangent modulus of elasticity
cu= ……….. KN/m2 fundrained = 45o E i =………..… .../…………..……=………… KN/m2
B) Case of partially Saturated Soil Sample if the failure occurred 2)Secant Modulus of elasticity @ 66% of Su
@ an angle a of : Es =………..… .../…………..……=……… KN/m2
, 50o , 55o
, 60o , 65o 3)Tangent Modulus of elasticity @ 75% of Su
Et =………..… .../…………..……=………… KN/m2
Consistency of the sample is as …………………….… CLAY

Su or qu [ Kg/cm2 ] 0.0 - 0.25 0.25 - 0.50 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 4.0
Consistency : Very Soft Soft Medium Stiff Very Stiff


Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:………………………… EXPERIMENT NO.:

Date ……../……/……… DIRECT - SHEAR TEST ( DETERMINATION OF C' - f' )
Lab. Temperature :………….C o
Specimen size :……..x………x……… cm Proving Ring Factor =…. ...N / div.
Test performed as per BS 1377: PART 7 : 1990 TEST 4 ASTM : D - 3080-79 Rate of horizontal displacement = mm / sec.
Type of specimen : Undisturbed Disturbed Compacted Condition of Sample : Dry Wet Saturated
Test condition: Unconsolid. Drained Undrained Remember: Drained values of C'& f' are always > Undrained
Normal Stress ………… KN/m or Kpa
2
Normal Stress ………… KN/m2 or Kpa Normal Stress ………… KN/m2 or Kpa
Horizontal Vertical Proving ring Shear Shear Vertical Proving ring Shear Shear Vertical Proving ring Shear Shear
Displacement Reading Force Stress Displacement Reading Force Stress Displacement Reading Force Stress
Strain Displ.
%e= Gauge Gauge Read. KN/m2 or Gauge Read. KN/m2 or Gauge Read. KN/m2 or
dH/D Reading. (0.01mm) - N Kpa (0.01mm)
- N Kpa (0.01mm) - N Kpa
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.25 25
2.50 50
3.75 75
5.00 100
6.25 125
7.50 150
8.75 175
10.00 200
11.25 225
12.50 250
13.75 275
15.00 300
16.25 325
17.50 350
18.75 375
20.00 400
21.25 425
22.50 450
23.75 475
25.00 500
21.25 425
22.50 450
23.75 475
25.00 500
Initial Bulk density = kg/m3 Initial void ratio = Initial Moisture content = %
Initial Dry density = kg/m3 Initial Degree of saturation = Specific gravity =
Values at peak shear Values at ultimate shear

Normal
Test stress Angle of Normal Angle of
No. Shear Horizontal Vertical internal Cohesion stress Shear Horizontal Vertical Cohesion
Test No. internal
s' stress movement movem. C' stress movement movement C'
friction f' s' friction f'
- kN/m 2
kN/m 2
mm mm deg. kN/m2 - kN/m2 kN/m2 mm mm deg. kN/m2
[K N / m 2 ]
I
1 1
2 2
0
3 3
Sd
d v x 1 0 -2 m m
Sample description :
d rain ed S H E A R S T R E S S
drained SHEARNormal
STRESS VS Shear
[KN/m2] stress (Mohr-Columb Envelope
0
o
+ c o m p re s s io n
200
e x p a n s io n _
Shear displacement VS Shear stress
175 210
Shear Displacement dH VS Vertical Movement
35
dV
150 180
+
30
125 150
25
20
100 120
15
10
75 90 5
0
50 60
0 1 2 3 4 5
-5
-10
25
30
-15
-20
0
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 0 1 2 3 4 5 -25
Normal Stress s [KN/m2]
Horizontal displacement dH x 10-2 mm Horizontal displacem ent dH x10-2 mm
Estimate the value of Poisson's ratio n based on the dSd dS

= …………..= d
…………….……
= …..……..= …...……
Shear Modulus G= KN/m2

value of f, n = (1-sinf)/(2-sinf)= (1-….)/(2-…....)= d eH (d dH)/D D=10 mm

Appendix A
Individual
WorkSheets &
GraphSheets
Experiment name :…………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….
Part I …. Group Work :
Title Score Deduction
Cover Page, Appendix A & Report Grading Sheet (missing
3
any of these pages will worth deduction of 2 marks )
Table of Content 1
Objective 1
Two Practical Applications (only two practical applications ) 2
List of Equipment / Tools , Specimen & Sketches 2
Testing Procedure 2
Data Sheets (for team work) 3
Graphs & Charts (for team work) 3
Calculations & results (one sample calculation is a must) 3
Discussion of results (discuss obtained results ) 3
Bibliography (one book and one internet link are sufficient) 1
Arrangment of report (keeping report neat , orderly, proper font size… etc
1
)
Total Score 25
.+ / -
Final Group Grade
P II …. Individual Work (Data

sheet...5 + Graph sheet...10)
Individual Final Report

sr Student Name ID. Grade (15) Grade (40)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
BORE HOLE LOG
* STUDENT/ GROUPE : …………………………………..………………………… * ID : …………………………………..…………..
* PROJECT : …………………………………..………………………… *LOCATION : …………………………………..…………..
BORE HOLE NO.:

BORING EQUIPMENT: O.
ETN
BORING METHOD : E
SH
Bench Mark (+ 100.0):…………………………………
………………………………………… Borhole level (below B.M.) .-0.0m
Borhole Elevation
DATE STARTED :……../……./…….. GROUND WATER DEPTH
DATE COMPLETED :……../……./…….. GROUND WATER LEVEL

REDUCED LEVEL
ROCK SAMPLE GROUND
Thickness
INFORMATION DESCRIPTION WATER OBS.
SPT
Layer
Recovery
DESCRIPTION OF STRATA
NUMBER
SYMBOL
qu
DEPTH(m)
DEPTH
RQD
TYPE
DATE
TIME
m m % % kg/cm2 Nobs m
.-.
…… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
1.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
…… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …… …..
.-.
2.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
…… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …… …..
.-.
3.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
…… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …… …..
.-.
4.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
…… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …… …..
.-.
5.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
…… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …… …..
.-.
6.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
…… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …..
.-.
7.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
…… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. ………. …..
.-.
8.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ….. …… …..
.-.
…… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …… …..
.-.
9.0 …… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …… …..
.-.
…… ………… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……………………………………………… ………. ………. …… …..
10.0 …… …………
.-.
…… …… …… …… …… …… End of Borehole (10.0 m)
1- RECOVERY : Total Core Recovery. 4- SPT : Standared Penetration Test. 7- N.A. : Not Applicable.
2- RQD : Rock Quality Designation. 5- G.W.: Ground Water Table. 8- D :Disturbed Soil Sam.
3- qu : Unconfind Compre. Strength 6- N.E. : Not Encountered. 9- B : Bit was used
DRILLER NAME:
PERFORMED / CHECKED BY :
REMARKS:-
A A'
Ground 235.0 227.5 220.0
Level(m)
240.0 240.0
237.0 237.0
234.0 234.0
231.0 231.0
228.0 228.0
225.0 225.0
222.0 222.0
219.0 219.0
216.0 216.0
213.0 213.0
210.0 210.0
207.0 207.0
204.0 204.0
201.0 201.0
198.0 198.0
195.0 195.0
192.0 192.0
189.0 189.0
186.0 186.0
183.0 183.0
180.0 180.0
177.0 177.0
174.0 174.0
171.0
Legend 171.0
165.0 Clayey Sand/ Silty Clayey Sand 165.0
159.0 Sandstone 159.0
156.0 156.0
153.0 153.0
150.0 150.0
+
Building Elevation
Sandy Clay
Silty Sand
Sandstone Clayey Sand/ Silty Clayey

Sand
Figure No. 2
Typical cross-section through a site
Figure No. 2
=
A A'
Ground 235.0 227.5 220.0
Level(m)
240.0 240.0
237.0 237.0
234.0 234.0
231.0 231.0
228.0 228.0
225.0 225.0
Building Elevation
222.0 222.0
219.0 219.0
216.0 216.0
213.0 213.0
210.0 210.0
207.0 207.0
201.0 201.0
198.0 198.0
195.0 195.0
189.0 189.0
186.0 Sandstone 186.0
Clayey Sand/ Silty Clayey
183.0 183.0
Sand
180.0 180.0
177.0 177.0
174.0 174.0
171.0 171.0
168.0 168.0
165.0 165.0
162.0 162.0
159.0 159.0
156.0 156.0
153.0 153.0
150.0 150.0
Legend
Sandy Clay
Clayey Sand/ Silty Clayey Sand
Silty Sand
Sandstone
Figure No. 2
LABORATORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING II
DETERMINATION OF WATER (MOISTURE) - CONTENT

(OVEN-DRYING METHOD)
(OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS)
Sample Description :……………………………..…………………………..….………………………………………...…
TEST PERFORMED AS PER BS:1377:PART 2:1990:TEST 3.2 ASTM : D2216-92 AASHTO: T265-86
Moisture condition Natural moisture Moisture added Saturated
Related Test
Type of Oven Convection oven Microwave oven
Method of drying Continuous heating Incremental heating
Temperature of convection oven = ……………oC Mass of moist sample = ……………g
Soil passing 2 mm. (No. 10) sieve = ……..…..% Soil passing 4.75mm. (No. 4) sieve = …………...%
Soil passing 19mm. Sieve = ………………..…% Soil passing 37.5mm. Sieve = ……….…%
OBSERVATIONS
Description
of Soil :
Sample No.
Container No. -- --
Mass of Container Mc g
Mass of Wet soil + Container Mcws g
Mass of Dry soil + Container Mcs g
CALCULATIONS
Mass of water Mcws-Mcs Mw g
Mass of dry soil Mcs-Mc Ms g
Water content (Mw/Ms)*100 %
Test Method Used :

Test Method Variation
Remarks
LABORATORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING II
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOIL

(PYCNOMETER METHOD)
Sample Description :…………….…………………………………………………...…………
Test performed as per BS 1377:Part 2:1990: Test 8.3/8.4 ASTM: D854/C:127 AASHTO:T100-86/T85-85
Description of Soil :
Sample No……….……. Bore Hole No:………………. Depth : From …………..m to …………….m.

Apparatus used : Density Bottle………………..ml Pyconometer 1000 ml Buoyancy Balance
Observed Water Temperature = …………………….oC Relative Density Water = Correction factor (k) =
Soil passing 2 mm (No. 10) sieve = ………………..% Soil Passing 4.75mm. (No. 4) sieve = ……………..%
Soil passing 20 mm sieve = …………………………% Soil Passing 37.5 mm sieve = ………………………%
OBSERVATIONS Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Mass of Pyconometer m1 g
Mass of pycnometer + dry soil m2 g
Mass of water m3 g
Mass of pycnometer full of water m4 g
CALCULATIONS
Mass of dry soil (m2 - m1) m5 g

Mass of water above dry soil (m3 - m2) m6 g
Mass of water in full pycnometer (m4 - m1) m7 g
Volume of dry soil (m7 - m6) V1 ml
RESULTS
Specific gravity of dry soil (m5 / V1)

Average specific gravity at ………….. oC
Corrected specific gravity at 20oC
Test Method Used :

Test Method Variation
Remarks

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Names & IDs. :Muhammad Zakariya Nura

DESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS

Testing Area Temperature : 23 Co

Samp. #1 …Coarse grained Samp. #3 …Fine grained

Color Light Brown Grey

Odor None Nonorganic smell

Moisture Condition Dry Wet

coarse, med., fine

b) Graded (well or poor) Poor graded

a) Dry strength Low

b) Dilatancy Slow to Rapid

e) Classify (silt or clay) Silt

f) Organic or None organic Nonorganic

Sample#1: Light brown, dry, none, poor graded, mostly sand

Sample#3: Grey, wet, nonorganic, low plasticity, silt

Testing Area Temperature : 23 Co

Samp. #2 …Coarse grained Samp. #4 …Fine grained

Color Grey Brown

Odor None Organic Smell

Moisture Condition Moist Moist

coarse, med., fine

b) Graded (well or poor) Well Graded

a) Dry strength High

e) Classify (silt or clay) Clay

f) Organic or None organic Organic

Sample#2: Grey, moist, none, well graded, subangular, mostly gravel.

Sample#4: Brown, moist, organic smell, high plasticity, clay(CL)

Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:……………………………

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

Lab. Temperature :………….Co Lab. Humidity :...… %

Sample No. …...… BH No.:……. Sample No. …...… BH No.:…….

ASTM Test Sieve Sieve Cumulative Cumulative Sieve Cumulative Cumulative

Fine Medium Coarse Fine Coarse

Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:………………………

Date: …... / ….. /20….. Hydrometer Analysis Hydrometer Type : ASTM-151-H

26 0.99682 Length of bulb (cm) L2= 14.3

22 0.99780 0.9980 16" = 0.266 min Length of grad.Cylin. 0-1000,(cm) 33.6

Approximate% of clay = % passing sieve # 200 in the original sample is :

0.0011 0.02 0.08

70 0.0013 0.03 0.09

0.0017 0.06 0.006

0.0010 0.010 [X VALUE]

Particle size (mm)

Discuss obtained results :

Conclusion (with respect to objectives) :

Name :…………………………………………………… I.D.:…………………………

ATTERBERG LIMITS (LIQUID & PLASTIC LIMITS)

Date ……../……/……… EXPERIMENT NO.: 1

Lab. Temperature :………….Co Lab. Humidity :...… % 1

TEST PERFORMED AS PER: ASTM : D 4318-95 BS 1377-90 OTHERS 1

Test Number No. 0

Test Number No.

From the graph find the value of liquid limit .

ATTERBERG LIMITS (LIQUID & PLASTIC LIMITS)

Consistency plot (plot showes the potenitial for soil to swell)

For the data assumed on the above , calculate the following :

<0.75 : Not Active Clay

<= 0.75 Local failure of clay

Stiff to very Stiff

3) Consisteny Index C.= L.L. - ,

Plasicity Index P.I. Plasticity Dry strength Visual / Manual Identification

MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP