 COMMUNICATION

= a process of sharing and conveying messages/information from one person to another w/in and across
channels, contexts, media, and cultures ( McCornack,2014)
= can be
1. face-to-face interaction
2. phone conversation
3. group discussion
4. a meeting/interview
5. a letter correspondence
6. a class recitation
 NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is a process.
2. Communication occurs between 2 or more people (the speaker and receiver).
3. Communication can be expressed through written/spoken words, actions (nonverbal),or both spoken
words and nonverbal actions at the same time.

 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1) SPEAKER
=source of information/message
2) MESSAGE
=the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions
3) ENCODING
=process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands
4) CHANNEL
=the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal/nonverbal, in which the encoded
message is conveyed
5) DECODING
=the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver
6) RECEIVER
=The recipient of the message, or someone who decodtes the message
7) FEEDBACK
=the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver
8) CONTEXT
=the environment where communication takes place
9) BARRIER
=the factors that affect the flow communication
 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

 The speaker generates an idea

 The speaker encodes an idea/converts the idea into words/actions
 The speaker transmits/sends cut a message
 The receiver decodes/interprets the message based on the context
 The receiver sends/provides feedback

 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
A. SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
=mother of all communication models
=depicts communication as a linear/one way process
=without the feedback
1) SOURCE-producer of message
2) TRANSMITTER-encoder of message into signals
3) CHANNEL-signals adapted for transmissions
4) RECEIVER-decoder of message from the signals
5) DESTINATION
B. TRANSACTION MODEL
=2 way process w/the inclusion of feedback as one element
=more interactive
 FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1) CONTROL
=communication functions to control behaviour
2) SOCIAL INTERACTION
=allows individuals to interact w/ others
3) MOTIVATION
=communication motivates or encourages people to live better
4) EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
=communication facilitates peoples expression of their feelings and emotions
5) INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
=functions to convey information
 FEATURES OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
1) COMPLETENESS=everything that the receiver needs to hear for him/her to respond, reach, evaluate
property
2) CONCISENESS
=making it direct/straight to the point
3) CONSIDERATION
=consider relevant information about his/her receiver mood
 4) CONCRETENESS
=supported by facts, figures, &real life examples
5) COURTESY
=respecting the culture, values &beliefs of his/her receiver
6) CLEARNESS
=the use of simple & specifics words to express ideas
7) CORRECTNESS
=grammar eliminates negative impact on the audience

 BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
1) EMOTIONAL BARRIERS
2) USE OF JARGONS
3) LACK OF CONFIDENCE
4) NOISY ENVIRONMENT

 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
1) APPROPRIATENESS=the language should be appropriate to the occasion
2) BREVITY=simple yet precise and powerful word are found to be more credible
3) CLARITY=the meaning of words, feelings, or ideas maybe interpreted differently by listener
4) ETHICS=words should be carefully chosen in consideration of gender, roles, ethnicity
5) VIVIDNESS=describe things/feelings
 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
=behaviour is used to convey and represent meanings

 3 COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY

SPEECH SPEECH SPEECH

CONTEXT STYLE ACT

 SPEECH CONTEXT
1) INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
=a person’s communication with himself or herself
=communication with one self
2) INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
=this refers to communication between and among people and establishes personal relationship
between and among them.
  TYPES:
a) DYAD COMMUNICATION
=communication between 2 people
b) SMALL GROUP
=involves at least 3 or more than 12 people in face to face interaction
c) PUBLIC
=this requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of large group. The
message maybe informational or persuasive purposes
d) MASS COMMUNICATION
=refers to communication that takes place through radio, TV, newspapers, magazines,
books, billboards, internet, and other type of media

 SPEECH STYLE
=the way in which something is said, done, expressed or performed, and it corresponds to specific speech
context.

 5 STYLES
a) INTIMATE
=private, which occurs between or among close family members or individuals.
=the language used in this style may not be shared in public
b) CASUAL
=common among peers and friends
c) CONSULTATIVE
=the standard one
=professional/mutually acceptable language is a must in this style
d) FORMAL
=used in formal setting
= one way
e) FROZEN
=frozen in time and remains unchanged
=occurs in ceremonies

 SPEECH ACT
=are the speakers utterances which convey meaning and make listeners do specific things

1) LOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT

=direct
2) ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT
=Intention
  5 types
a) ASSERTIVE=suggesting, putting forward, boasting, concluding
b) DIRECTIVE=ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, begging
c) COMMISSIVE=future, promising, planning, vowing, betting
d) EXPRESSIVE=his feelings, thanking, apologizing, welcoming, deploring
e) DECLARATION=change…blessing, bidding, passing a sentence and excommunicating

3) PERLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT

=effect