Exercise No.

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COMMON
LABORATORY APPARATUS
Ricardo Jr. N. Arellano, RPh
 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Intended Learning Outcomes:

• Familiarize and identify the different
common apparatus used in the laboratory.
• Recognize the use/s of laboratory
apparatus.

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Personal Protective Equipment

• “specialized clothing or equipment worn
for protection against hazardous and
infectious materials”

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Personal Protective Equipment

• Gloves – protect hands
• Gowns/aprons – protect skin and/or
clothing
• Masks and respirators– protect
mouth/nose
• Goggles – protect eyes
• Face shields – protect face, mouth, nose,
and eyes
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Sequence for Donning PPE

• Gown first
• Mask or respirator
• Goggles or face shield
• Gloves

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Sequence for Removing PPE

• Gloves
• Face shield or goggles
• Gown
• Mask or respirator

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Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Sequence for Removing PPE

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Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Sequence for Removing PPE

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Cleaning Glassware
• Good laboratory technique demands clean
glassware, because the most carefully
executed piece of work may give an
erroneous result if dirty glassware is used.
• In all instances, glassware must be
physically clean; it must be chemically
clean; and in many cases, it must be
sterile
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Cleaning Glassware
• The safest criterion of cleanliness is
uniform wetting of the surface by distilled
water.

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Washing Glassware
• Wash glassware as quickly as possible
after use. The longer it is left unwashed
the harder it will be to clean. If a thorough
cleaning is not possible immediately,
disassemble the glassware and put it to
soak in water.
• When washing, soap, detergent, or
cleaning powder (with or without an
abrasive) may be used.
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Cleaning Glassware
• If glassware becomes unduly clouded or
dirty or contains coagulated organic
matter, it must be cleansed with chromic
acid cleaning solution.
• The dichromate should be handled with
extreme care because it is a powerful
corrosive and carcinogen.

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Cleaning Glassware
• Special types of precipitates may require
removal with nitric acid, aqua regia, or
fuming sulfuric acid.
• These are very corrosive substances and
should be used only when required.

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Rinsing and Drying Glassware

• Be careful when rinsing or washing pipets,
cylinders or burets not to let tips hit the
sink or the water tap. Most breakage
occurs in this way.
• Dry test tubes, culture tubes, flasks and
other glassware by hanging them on
wooden pegs or placing them in baskets
with their mouths downward and allowing
them to air dry.
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Storing Glassware
• When storing, place pieces in racks
designed especially for them.
• Be sure pieces do not touch each other, to
avoid inadvertent mechanical damage.
• Do not store glassware close to the front
edge of shelves.

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 Do’s and Don’ts in the Lab *rna

MATERIALS
1. Lab Record book
- Green Apple
- stitched, covered in black paper and
plastic
2. Padlock and key
3. White plastic mantle (rolled)
4. Masking tape
5. Scissors
 Do’s and Don’ts in the Lab *rna

MATERIALS
6. Fine tip Marker
7. Sticker label
8. ~10 pcs letter-size
bond paper
9. Clear transparent long plastic envelope
10. Dishwashing liquid
with dispenser
11. Plastic (sando) bag (red)
 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Beakers
• Used for mixing,
stirring, and heating
chemicals
• Have spouts on their
rims to aid in pouring

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Erlenmeyer Flask
• a.k.a Conical Flask
• has a narrow neck
and expands toward
its base.
• Allows easy mixing
and swirling of the
flask without too
much risk of spilling
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Erlenmeyer Flask
• The narrow opening also allows for the
use of a rubber or glass stopper.
• Important safety tip:
–Never heat the flask while it is
capped. This could cause a pressure
build-up that could result in explosion.

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Florence Flask
• a.k.a. Boiling Flask
• Has round bottom
and long neck
• Used to hold liquids
and can be easily
swirled and heated

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Test Tubes
• a glass tube with one
end open and the
other end closed
• used to hold small
samples for
qualitative
assessment and
comparison
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Crucible (with cover)

• Small clay cup made
of a material that can
withstand extreme
temperatures
• Used for heating
substances and
come with lids.

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Crucible Tong
• Used to hold
crucibles

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Watch Glass
• a round piece of glass
that is slightly concave/
convex (think of a lens)
• can hold a small amount
of liquid or solid
• can be used for
evaporation purposes
• can function as a lid for
a beaker
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Funnel
• can be made of plastic
or glass and can have
either a short stem or a
long stem
• Used to channel liquid
or fine-grounded
substances into
containers with small
opening
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Graduated Cylinder
• Used for measuring
volume of liquids
• There are several
markings up and
down the length of
the container with
specific increments.

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Volumetric Flask
• A round flask with a
long neck and flat
bottom
• Used to measure an
exact volume of liquid
• There is a small line
on the neck that
indicates how far to
fill the bottle 29
 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Droppers
• Small glass tubes
with narrow tips on
one end and a rubber
bulb on the other
• Suck up liquid that
can then be
squeezed out in
small drops
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Pipette
• Measuring an exact
volume of liquid and
placing it into another
container
– Volumetric Pipette
– Graduated/
Measuring/
Mohr’s Pipette

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Burette
• A glass tube that is
open at the top and
comes to a narrow
pointed opening at the
bottom.
• Right above the bottom
opening is a stopcock
that can be turned to
control the amount of
liquid being released.
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Burette
• There are markings
along the length of the
tube that indicate the
volume of liquid present.
• Used for extremely
accurate addition of
liquid, especially during
TITRATION

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Iron Stand, Ring and Clamps

• Used to suspend
burets, beakers,
flasks, crucibles, etc.
in some cases, a
heat source

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Forceps
• Used for grabbing
things that should not
be touched by hands

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Spatula and Scoopulas

• Used for scooping
chemicals

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Thermometer
• Used for measuring
temperature

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Bunsen Burner
• a mechanical
apparatus that is
connected to a
flammable gas
source.
• Used to produce an
open flame

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Bunsen Burner
• There is a knob to
adjust the amount of
gas flow and a
rotating collar that
controls airflow.
• These both must be
adjusted to get an
ideal flame for
heating purposes.
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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Balance
• Analytical Balance

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Balance
• Top-Loading Balance

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Balance
• Triple-Beam Balance

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Test Tube Brush

• Used for cleaning
test tubes and other
narrow mouth
glasswares

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Wire Gauze
• Used to distribute
evenly heat and
support beakers
during heating

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Clay Triangle
• Has an open center
• Used to suspend
crucibles

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Evaporating Dish
• Made of porcelain or
borosilicate glass
• Used to heat liquids
for evaporation

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Reagent Bottle
• Made of glass,
plastic, borosilicate,
and topped by caps
or stoppers
• Intended to contain
chemicals

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Test tube Holder

• Used to move test
tubes (whether due
to heat or safety
reasons)

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Tripod
• A three-legged
platform used to
support or hold flasks
and beakers

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Stirring Rod/ Glass Rod

• Used to mix
chemicals and liquids

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Microscope
• Used for viewing or
making enlarged
images of very small
objects

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Mortar and Pestle

• Used to crush, mash
or grind substances

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Alcohol Lamp
• Used to produce an
open flame for
heating, sterilization
or combustion

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Aspirator (bulb)
• Used for sucking or
absorbing liquids
through a narrow
tube

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Adapter
• Used to connect two
other pieces of
jointware to each
other

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Separatory Funnel
• Used in liquid-liquid
extraction to
separate (partition)
components of a
mixture of two
immiscible liquids
(different densities)

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Condenser
• Usually a long,
circular glass tube.
Inside the tube there
is another, smaller
tube
• Used to cool hot
gases into liquids

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Distilling Flask
• Used to separate
mixtures of two
liquids with different
boiling points

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Fermentation Tube
• Used to verify gas
production
in fermentation

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Petri Dish
• Aa shallow
cylindrical glass or
plastic lidded
dish that biologists
use to culture cells

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Pycnometer
• A small glass bottle
of known volume for
determining the
relative density of
liquids and solids by
weighing

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 Exercise No. 1: Common Laboratory Apparatus

Cassia Flask
• A small volumetric
flask with a long
graduated neck used
in pharmacy for
determining
cinnamaldehyde in
cassia bark and other
forms of cinnamon
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