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Cell Membrane: Lipid Bilayer Proteins
Cell Membrane: Lipid Bilayer Proteins
Cell Membrane
Proteins A.Carbohydrat
Lipid Bilayer es
60-70% 30-40%
B.1-3%
Cholesterol Glycolipids
Attached to the inner
consistency, firmness or outer surface of the lipid + carbohydrate
membrane and do NOT Extend into or
extend throught it through the lipid
bilayer
Ex. channels/Carrier Glycocalyx
Ex. Receptors , Enzyme, glycolipids +
marker glycoproteins
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Physiology 2nd Week Summary
Membrane Proteins
Amount/Types of proteins in cell membrane is different from cell to another depending on the function
- a) Ungated channel>>>
transport through it determined by size,
shape, distribution of charge, etc. - Water channels (aquaporin
channels)
- b) Gated channel :
*Voltage gated channels: open or close by
electrical signals - Voltage gated Na+ channels
*Ligand gated channels: open or close by - Voltage gated K+ channels
chemicals that bind to it
- Chemical gated Na+ channels
- Chemical gated K+ channels
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Physiology 2nd Week Summary
Transporter - Selectively move substances through the - Na+/Glucose transporter
(carrier) membrane by changing shape
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Physiology 2nd Week Summary
Cellular Transport
With Concentration Gradient: from higher concentration to lower concentration, or from higher
pressure to lower pressure (gradient: difference)
Against Concentration Gradient: from lower to higher
Transport
Active Transport Passive Transport
(Uphill) (Downhill)
Carrier-mediatedd Channel-mediated
Ligand-Gated
Voltage Gated
(Chemical Gated)
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Physiology 2nd Week Summary
Passive Transport
Main Characteristics:
1- Does NOT require energy
2- Substances move ALONG concentration gradient (Higher to lower concentration)
3- May or may not require a membrane protein
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Physiology 2nd Week Summary
Factors effecting simple diffusion (Fick’s law of diffusion)
QUESTION :
3- Same amount of O2 and CO2 passes between the lung and the blood even though the concentration
gradient for O2 is 60mmHg and for CO2 is 5mmHg, why? the permeability of the membrane to CO2 is higher
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Physiology 2nd Week Summary
Real-Life applications of simple diffusion:
Disease
Alveoli are separated
from blood by a thin • Excess fluids in the lung (between alveoli and
respiratory membrane vessel, in the interstitial space)
(to allow quicker • Pulmonary Edema
movement of gases)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- Emphysema:
Emphysema Decreased
Surface Area
• Lung Disease Hypoxia
•Decreased O2
• Destruction of Diffusion to the
alveoler walls blood
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Physiology 2nd Week Summary
More Less
water water
Less More
solutes solutes
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Physiology 2nd Week Summary
Exercises on Osmosis
1- Which of the following has the highest osmolarity:
a) 100 mM of CaCl2
b) 120 mM of NaCl
c) 200 mM of Glucose
4-
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