Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mesotherapy: What Is New?: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology January 2013
Mesotherapy: What Is New?: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology January 2013
net/publication/233958039
CITATIONS READS
21 10,883
2 authors, including:
DM Thappa
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research
625 PUBLICATIONS 5,426 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by DM Thappa on 12 April 2016.
How to cite this article: Konda D, Thappa DM. Mesotherapy: What is new?. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013;79:127-34.
Received: July, 2012. Accepted: September, 2012. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared.
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | January-February 2013 | Vol 79 | Issue 1 127
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijdvl.com on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, IP: 14.139.190.11]
Table 1: Volume of cocktail to be injected, depth of penetration of mesotherapy needle and number of
sessions needed for various uses in mesotherapy
Cellulite Biorejuvenation Hair loss
Depth 1–2 mm 0.2–0.6 mm 0.5–0.6 mm
Frequency of sessions Once/week for 4 weeks then once Once/week for 10 weeks Once/week for 4 weeks, then
in 2 weeks for 3 to 4 times monthly maintenance
Volume per session 5 cc – stomach 10 cc – hip, thighs 2–4 cc – entire face 5 cc – entire scalp
128 Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | January-February 2013 | Vol 79 | Issue 1
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijdvl.com on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, IP: 14.139.190.11]
elasticity of the skin. HA used in mesotherapy is not to make the desired muscle prominent, and then
cross-linked (as the main function is to hydrate) in the injections are given according to mesotherapy
contrast to fillers, where it is cross-linked (as main principles.[17] Botulinum toxin (100 units) is mixed with
function is to fill the gap and so need to be stabilised). physiological saline (1 mL, 5 mL, 7 mL) and xylocaine
Multi vitamins, trace elements: ionic balance of to make different concentrations. Concentrated toxin is
the skin. to be used in thick and short muscles and diluted toxin
Amino acids, vegetal proteins: protein reconstruction. in thin and flat muscles to avoid excess diffusion.
Dimethylaminoethanol: precursor of PC, converts
choline to acetylcholine (Ach) and thus causes ALOPECIA
muscle contraction leading to muscle firmness
(mainly for lower face). There are very few studies throwing light on the
Hexapeptide 3: blocks the Ach release[13] and thus role of mesotherapy in treating alopecia. In a recent
relax the muscles and smoothens the wrinkles study conducted by Moftah et al.,[18] it was seen that
(mainly for the upper face). mesotherapy with dutasteride-containing preparation
was significantly effective in female pattern hair loss
Recently, natural/native freeze-dried collagen sheets rather than 0.9% saline after 16 weeks of treatment by
are being used over the face after mesolift. Collagen four methods of assessment: photographic assessment,
sheets take up the shape of part of the face where it is hair pull test, measurement of the hair diameter and
applied and, due to its water retaining ability, hydrates patient self-assessment.
and makes the skin firm.[14] Advantages being less post-
procedure bruise, swelling and discomfort. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the
hair shaft showed the reappearance of the cuticle in
Ultrasound of the skin is used to evaluate the so-called two patients in whom it was focally destructed prior
subepidermal low echogenic band (SLEB), located to the treatment.[18] However, there are few reports
immediately below the epidermal entrance echo as a showing “alopecia” as a side-effect following the use
marker of photo ageing.[15] It was seen that there was of mesotherapy for alopecia.[19] Two patients developed
improvement in SLEB with mesotherapy. This can be patchy alopecia after mesotherapy, using heparinoid
explained by the hydrating effect of HA in the tissue vasodilator mesoglycan in one patient and homoeopathic
due to its ability to absorb water many times its normal agents in the second patient.[20] Multifocal scalp abscess
weight.[15] In addition, repeated injections into the with subcutaneous fat necrosis and scarring alopecia
dermis also can trigger the healing process, activating were reported as complications of scalp mesotherapy.[21]
fibroblasts, producing more collagen.
Despite the fact that there are no controlled published
However, a recent study[16] showed that mesotherapy studies on mesotherapy’s efficacy in hair diseases,
injection of cocktail-containing multivitamin solution injections of minoxidil, finasteride, lidocaine,
and non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid did not result in multivitamins and T3/T4 are used in the treatment of
any significant clinical improvement and histological alopecia.
effects, which were assessed by quantitatively
evaluating changes in collagen types 1, 3 and 7; elastin CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
and tropoelastin (using immunohistochemistry) were
also statistically insignificant. Recently, mesogun is also used to deliver meglumine
antimoniate into the lesions of cutaneous
MESOBOTOX leishmaniasis.[22] This method had equal efficacy and
was a comparatively less painful procedure when
It involves multiple injections of small doses of compared with the classical intralesional method.
botulinum toxin into the dermis (to create a dermal
papule) to relax the superficial orbicular muscles of OTHER RARE USES
the face and reopen the sebaceous and sweat gland
orifices thus increasing the glow of the skin. In this Mesotherapy is also tried in melasma, striae, vitiligo,
technique, the patient is asked to frown, purse the hyperpigmentation, psoriasis, eczema and acne to
lips, give an exaggerated smile and raise eyebrows minimize wrinkles and tighten loose skin.
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | January-February 2013 | Vol 79 | Issue 1 129
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijdvl.com on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, IP: 14.139.190.11]
Platelet-rich plasma in mesotherapy Stem cells obtained from bone marrow are an important
A small amount of blood is withdrawn from the component of whitening serum and de-wrinkling
patient and centrifuged at a high speed and the platelet solutions because of their proliferative capacity.
concentrate is injected intradermally into the scalp [26,27]
Stem cells are now an important component of
for scalp mesotherapy.[23] Growth factors and healing whitening solutions.
proteins from the platelets improve circulation to the
hair follicles, causing hair follicle growth and thus Various mixtures and protocols in mesotherapy
causing hair growth. Materials used in mesotherapy can be broadly
classified into two categories:[6,7,12,28]
Growth factors like platelet-derived growth factor, 1. Principal (P)/major
transforming growth factor and vascular endothelial 2. Complementary (C)/minor
growth factor released from alfa granules of the platelets
increase the proliferation of fibroblasts, production Cocktail or the mixture should contain at least two to
of procollagen type 1 carboxy peptide by the dermal three principal agents for it to be effective.
fibroblasts and thus improves the structural integrity of 1. Mesolift
the skin.[24] This property enables platelet-rich plasma Hyaluronic acid (P)
(PRP) to be used in photoaged and aged skin. PRP also Silorgamine = Silorg + DMAE (P) + taurinox (C)
induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, Puretinol/Vitamin A (P)
which break down and remove the collagen fragments The protocol may involve
that interfere with new collagen formation in aged Week 1: 2 cc hyaluronic acid + 1 cc procaine
skin.[23] Thus, PRP helps in remodelling of the skin. DMAE + procaine
However, further studies are needed to ensure the Week 2: 2 cc hyaluronic acid + 1 cc procaine
safety of PRP as a component of mesotherapy. Hexapeptide 3 + procaine
Week # 3 The same as Week #1
Usually done once in every 4-6 months for 1 year, then Week # 4 The same as Week #2
every year as maintenance therapy depending on the 2. Mesoglow
patient’s response. Hyaluronic acid (P)
Silorg (P)
Peptides in mesotherapy Purascorbol/Vitamin C (P) + xadenal (C)
Acetyldecapeptide-3: reduces and prevents lines 3. Mesolighten
and wrinkles by actively generating new skin cells. Kojic acid (P)
Decapeptide-4: for anti-aging and wound healing Azelaic acid (P) + either tretinoin (C) or glycolic
Copper tripeptide-1: helps blood circulation in the acid (C)
skin and revitalises Vitamin C (P)
Oligopeptide-24: minimises scars on skin by
forming new skin cell 4. Localised fat dissolve
Tripeptide-6: hydrates dry skin and maintains its Phosphatidylcholine (P) and Deoxycholic acid (P) +/-
optimum moisture balance vitamin complex +/- taurine +/- L carnitine +/- alfa
lipoic acid +/- organic silicium +/- aminophylline
And, others like, pentapeptide, L carnitine and amino acids +/- pantothenic acid
licorice. Because of the above-mentioned properties, 5. Meso cellulite: all are principal agents
biopeptides[25] are an important component of L-carnitine
mesolift, mesoglow, mesocellulite and mesohair and Aminophylline
mesosculpting Pentoxiphylline
DMAE
Growth factors and stem cells in mesotherapy Vitamin C
Thymosin TB-4, a growth factor, is injected into the Procaine
mesoderm of the scalp, i.e. directly into the hair foliclles 6. Mesostretch: all are principal agents
as a part of scalp mesotherapy.[26,27] TB-4 causes the Silorgamine = silorg + DMAE or
growth of hair follicles by improving the circulation, Idebe = idebenone + DMAE or
stimulating the stem cells and reviving hair follicles. Centella asiatica, fibronectin, vegetal proteins
130 Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | January-February 2013 | Vol 79 | Issue 1
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijdvl.com on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, IP: 14.139.190.11]
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | January-February 2013 | Vol 79 | Issue 1 131
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijdvl.com on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, IP: 14.139.190.11]
5. Using local anesthetic is not mandatory, but makes 6. Mannitol–renal disease, pulmonary edema.
the procedure more comfortable. To reduce the 7. Caffeine–hypotension, ventricular tachycardia,
burning sensation, topical lidocaine 1 h before the anxiety, gastrointestinal side-effects.
procedure can be used. 8. General–age <18 years, diabetes mellitus, body
6. Loose clothing after the procedure. mass index >30, pregnancy, lactation.
7. Massaging the treated site in between the sessions 9. Severe cardiac, renal disease, thromboembolic
decreases the formation of nodules. phenomenon.
132 Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | January-February 2013 | Vol 79 | Issue 1
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijdvl.com on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, IP: 14.139.190.11]
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | January-February 2013 | Vol 79 | Issue 1 133
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijdvl.com on Tuesday, April 12, 2016, IP: 14.139.190.11]
29. Mesotherapy worldwide catalogue 2010:1-8. Available from: 33. Outbreak of mesotherapy-associated skin reactions—District of
h t t p : / / w w w. m e s o t h e r a p y w o r l d w i d e . c o m / i m a g e s / p d f / Columbia area, Jan–Feb 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
MESOTHERAPY%20WORLDWIDE%20PRODUCT.pdf. [Last 2005;54:1127-30.
accessed on 2012 Sep 25].
34. Wongkitisophon P, Rattanakaemakorn P, Tanrattanakorn S,
30. Schied G. A different kind of Mesotherapy. Available from:
http://www.mesotherapyworldwide.com/images/pdf/Vol_1_13_ Vachiramon V. Cutaneous Mycobacterium abscessus Infection
KIND.pdf. [Last accessed on 2012 Sep 25]. Associated with Mesotherapy Injection. Case Rep Dermatol
31. Amitrano C, Cappelletti R, Torre R. New trends in Drug Delivery 2011;3:37-41.
Systems: Mesoporation, a novel technique. Am J Mesotherapy 35. Kim JB, Moon W, Park SJ, Park MI, Kim KJ, Lee JN, et al.
24-25. Available from: http://www.mesotherapyworldwide. Ischemic colitis after mesotherapy combined with anti-obesity
com/images/pdf/Vol_1_12_TRENDS.pdf. [Last accessed on
medications. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:1537-40.
2012 Sep 25].
32. Ramos-e-Silva M, Pereira AL, Ramos-e-Silva S, Oleoma PJ. 36. Atiyeh BS, Ibrahim AE, Dibo SA. Cosmetic mesotherapy:
Rare complication of mesotherapy for cellulite. Int J Dermatol Between scientific evidence, science fiction, and lucrative
2012;51:162-7. business. Aesth Plast Surg 2008;32:842-9.
134 Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | January-February 2013 | Vol 79 | Issue 1