UGBS 205 Fundamentals of Accounting Methods: Week 8 - Bank Reconciliation Statement

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UGBS 205

Fundamentals of Accounting
Methods

Week 8– Bank Reconciliation Statement

College of Humanities
Business School
2016/2017
Overview 
• This session seeks to discuss the information value of 
obtaining a reliable bank balance. Thus, students will go 
through the process of reconciling the bank balance in the 
cash book, which is unreliable, with the bank statement 
balance. 

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  Slide 2
Learning Objectives
• At the end of this session, you will be able to
– To explain the need for Bank reconciliation statement
– To explain the relevance of proper documentation for
reconciliation purposes
– To identify the causes of the differences between the
balances on cash book and bank statements
– To identify the main reasons why banks dishonour cheques
– Reconcile cash book balances with bank statement
balances

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  Slide 3
Reading List
• Read Recommended Text – :   
‐ Chapter 11 of Marfo‐Yiadom, Asante & Tackie (2015)
‐ Chapters 30 of Wood & Sangster(2008)

• Other Financial Accounting text books available to students

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  Slide 4
Introduction
• Businesses keep records of both cash and cheque
transaction in a cash book.

• Nature of cash book
– The debit side of the cash book is used for recording 
receipts
– The credit side is used for recording payments

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  5
Introduction
• When amounts are paid into the business bank 
account, the bank also credits the business account and 
the cash book is debited.

• Similarly, when cheques are drawn, the bank debits the 
business current account with the amount as soon as 
they are presented and honoured and the cash book is 
credited.

6
Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS 
Introduction
• What appears on the debit side of the cash book appears
on the credit side of the current account in the bank’s
books, and vice versa.
• It follows therefore that all things being equal the two
books should have the same balance. But rarely will the
cash book balance agree with the balance shown on the
bank statement.

• Because of this possible discrepancy, there is the need to


reconcile the two records (cash book and bank statement
balance).

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  7
Causes of differences/discrepancies
• The causes of the differences between the two 
records are;
– Informational differences
• Differences arising from information available to bankers but 
not the entity

– Timing Differences
• Differences arising from the different times of recording by 
the entity’s cashier and the bankers 

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  Slide 8
Causes of differences/discrepancies
• Timing differences
– Unpresented cheques
– Cheques issued out by the entity but yet to be presented to 
the bankers or presented to the bankers but yet to clear

– Uncredited cheques
– Cheques received and deposited by the entity but yet to be 
credited by the bank

– Bank errors; 
– wrong credits; errors by the bank that increases an entities 
balance
– wrong debits; errors by the bank that decreases an entities 
balance
Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  9
Causes of differences
• Informational differences
– Standing order
– Direct debit
– Credit transfers
– Bank charges
– Dishonoured cheques etc…

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  10
Reasons for dishonouring cheques
• Stale cheques
• Insufficient funds
• Insufficient mandate
• Amount in words different from amount in figures
• Post dated cheques
• No signature of account holder
• Signature differs from bank specimen

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  11
The need for a reconciliation statement

• A BRS is a statement that is prepared to bring into


agreement the difference between the cash book
balance and the bank statement balance.

• Who prepares this statement?

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  12
The Reconciliation Process
– Adjust the cash book with the informational 
difference:
• Bring down the balance of the original cash book 
into the adjusted cash book
• Enter on the credit side of the cash book all items 
not previously entered but appeared on the debits 
of the bank statement e.g. bank charges
• Enter on the debit side of the cash book items that 
appeared on the credit side of the bank statement 
but not previously entered in the cash book

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  13
The Reconciliation Process
• Prepare the BRS using the timing differences:
– Information entered in the cash book not yet recorded by 
the bank on the bank statement namely; unpresented 
cheques and uncredited cheques
– Common errors by the bank (wrong debit and wrong 
credit)

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  14
Format of BRS
Bank Reconciliation Statement as at 30‐09‐2014

Gh¢ Gh¢
Balance as per adjusted cash book       ****
Add Unpresented cheques  ****
wrong credit ****  **** 
****
Less Uncredited cheques ****
wrong debit ****  (****)
Balance as per bank statement ****

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  15
End of Session Questions
• Is bank reconciliation necessary for businesses? 
Explain 
• What are the main causes of discrepancies between 
the cash book balance and the bank statement 
balance
• Identify any four reasons for the dishonor of cheques
by banks

Bekoe, Asare, Donkor and Appiagyei, UGBS  Slide 16

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