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Glass: A Building Material
Glass: A Building Material
PRESENTATION SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
BRIEF HISTORY
TYPE OF GLASSES
APPLICATION IN BUILDING
GLASS AS A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT
GLASS FOR GREEN BUILDING
SIGNIFICANCE
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
GLASS IS AN AMORPHOUS (NON-
CRYSTALLINE) SOLID WHICH IS OFTEN
TRANSPARENT AND HAS WIDESPREAD
PRACTICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND
DECORATIVE USAGE IN THINGS LIKE
WINDOW PANELS, TABLEWARE, AND
OPTOELECTRONICS. THE MOST FAMILIAR,
AND HISTORICALLY THE OLDEST, TYPES
OF GLASS ARE BASED ON THE CHEMICAL
COMPOUND SILICA (SILICON DIOXIDE),
THE PRIMARY CONSTITUENT OF SAND.
GLASS HAS BEEN A FASCINATING MATERIAL TO HUMANKIND SINCE IT WAS FIRST MADE IN ABOUT 500 BC.
AT FIRST THOUGHT TO POSSESS MAGICAL PROPERTIES, GLASS HAS COME A LONG WAY. IT IS ONE OF THE
MOST VERSATILE AND OLDEST MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY. FROM ITS HUMBLE BEGINNINGS AS
A WINDOW PANE IN LUXURY HOUSES OF POMPEII TO SOPHISTICATED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN NEW AGE
BUILDINGS, ITS ROLE IN ARCHITECTURE HAS EVOLVED OVER THE YEARS.
BRIEF HISTORY
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS IS GLASS THAT IS USED AS A BUILDING MATERIAL. IT IS MOST TYPICALLY USED AS
TRANSPARENT GLAZING MATERIAL IN THE BUILDING ENVELOPE, INCLUDING WINDOWS IN THE EXTERNAL
WALLS. GLASS IS ALSO USED FOR INTERNAL PARTITIONS AND AS AN ARCHITECTURAL FEATURE
FLAT GLASS HAS BEEN USED AS AN ENCLOSING ELEMENT FOR APPROXIMATELY 2,000 YEARS AND IS THUS ONE OF
THE OLDEST MAN–MADE BUILDING MATERIALS.
BEFORE INDUSTRIALIZATION, FLAT GLASS WAS PRODUCED, E.G., BY MEANS OF MANUAL METHODS SUCH AS
CASTING OR CYLINDER TECHNOLOGY.
THESE WERE REPLACED BY SHEET GLASS AND PLATE GLASS MANUFACTURING METHODS, WHICH WERE USED UP
UNTIL THE 1960S. MACHINE METHODS HAD THE DISADVANTAGE OF DISTORTION AND WAVINESS.
IN THE EARLY 1950S, THE ENGLISH COMPANY PILKINGTON BROTHERS DEVELOPED AN INDUSTRIAL SOLUTION FOR
PRODUCING HIGH QUANTITIES OF LARGE GLASS PANES OF A CONSISTENT HIGH QUALITY AND AT A RELATIVELY
MODERATE COST, WHICH WAS AN ALMOST ENTIRELY AUTOMATED FLOAT GLASS MANUFACTURING PROCESS.
AS A RESULT OF THE OIL CRISIS IN THE LATE 1970S, THE GLASS ARCHITECTURE AT THAT TIME WAS SUBJECT
TO INCREASING CRITICISM. UNCOATED FLAT GLASS WAS CONSIDERED A WASTE OF ENERGY.
INTERPANE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST COMPANIES TO SUCCESSFULLY MARKET NEUTRAL HEAT PROTECTION
COATINGS. ONE EXAMPLE IS "IPLUS NEUTRAL" (SINCE 1982): IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE FIRST COLOR-
NEUTRAL THERMAL INSULATING GLASS IN GLASS HISTORY.
THE KEY TO SUCCESS WAS A SPECIAL SILVER COATING. THIS TECHNOLOGY IS NOW THE BASIS FOR THE
MANUFACTURING OF HIGH-QUALITY THERMAL INSULATING GLASS.
TYPES OF GLASSES
FLOAT GLASS
SHATTERPROOF GLASS
LAMINATED GLASS
EXTRA CLEAN GLASS
CHROMATIC GLASS
TINTED GLASS
TOUGHENED GLASS
GLASS BLOCKS
GLASS WOOL
INSULATED GLAZED UNITS
INTRO
FLOAT GLASS IS
MADE OF SODIUM
SILICATE AND
CALCIUM SILICATE
SO, IT IS ALSO
CALLED AS SODA
LIME GLASS. IT IS
CLEAR AND FLAT
SO, IT CAUSES
GLARE. THESE
GLASSES ARE
AVAILABLE FROM
2MM TO 20MM
THICKNESS
RANGES. THEY
HAVE A WEIGHT
RANGE OF 6 TO 36
KG/M2. THESE ARE
USED AS SHOP
FRONTS, PUBLIC
PLACES ETC.
INTRO
TOUGHENED
GLASS IS STRONG
GLASS WHICH
HAS LOW
VISIBILITY. IT IS
AVAILABLE IN ALL
THICKNESSES AND
WHEN IT IS
BROKEN IT FORMS
SMALL GRANULAR
CHUNKS WHICH
ARE DANGEROUS.
THIS IS ALSO
CALLED AS
TEMPERED GLASS.
THIS TYPE OF
GLASS IS USED
FOR FIRE
RESISTANT
DOORS, MOBILE
SCREEN
PROTECTORS ETC.
INTRO
THERE ARE
SEVERAL
VARIETIES OF
OBSCURE
GLASS, BUT IN
GENERAL IT IS
ANY TYPE OF
ROLLED GLASS
THAT HAS A
PATTERN
EMBEDDED
INTO ITS
SURFACE.
PATTERNS
CAN VARY,
AND PEOPLE
TYPICALLY USE
THE GLASS AS
A FORM OF
DECORATION.
OTHER TYPES
OF OBSCURE
GLASS
INCLUDE
PAINTED AND
LAMINATED
GLASS.
INTRO
WIRE GLASS IS A
COMMON SIGHT
IN SCHOOLS,
BUSINESSES, AND
HOTELS ACROSS
THE NATION. IT IS
MANUFACTURED
PRIMARILY AS A
FIRE RETARDANT,
WITH WIRE MESH
INLAID IN
THE GLASS TO
PREVENT IT FROM
SHATTERING AND
BREAKING OUT
UNDER STRESS
OR WHEN
EXPOSED TO
HIGH
TEMPERATURES.
INTRO
LAMINATED GLASS
IS THE
COMBINATION OF
LAYERS OF
NORMAL GLASS.
SO, IT HAS MORE
WEIGHT THAN
NORMAL GLASS. IT
HAS MORE
THICKNESS AND IS
UV PROOF AND
SOUNDPROOF.
THESE ARE USED
FOR AQUARIUMS,
BRIDGES ETC.
INTRO
REFLECTIVE
GLASS IS
ESSENTIALLY
ORDINARY
FLOAT GLASS WIT
H A METALLIC
COATING THAT
CUTS OFF SOLAR
HEAT. THIS
SPECIAL METALLIC
COATING ALSO
PROVIDES A ONE-
WAY MIRROR
EFFECT,
PREVENTING
VISIBILITY FROM
THE OUTSIDE
AND THUS
PRESERVING
PRIVACY. REFLECT
IVE GLASS IS
USED PRIMARILY
FOR STRUCTURAL
FAÇADE GLAZING.
MIRRORED GLASS
TO PRODUCE MIRRORED GLASS, A METAL COATING IS
APPLIED TO ONE SIDE OF THE GLASS. THE COATING IS
GENERALLY MADE OF SILVER, ALUMINIUM, GOLD OR
CHROME.
FOR SIMPLE MIRRORED GLASS, A FULLY REFLECTIVE
METAL COATING IS APPLIED AND THEN SEALED WITH A
PROTECTIVE LAYER. TO PRODUCE "ONE-
WAY" MIRRORS, A
MUCH THINNER METAL
COATING IS USED, WITH
NO ADDITIONAL
SEALING OR OTHERWISE
OPAQUE LAYER.
MIRRORED GLASS IS
GAINING A MORE
PROMINENT PLACE IN
ARCHITECTURE, FOR
IMPORTANT
FUNCTIONAL REASONS
AS WELL AS FOR THE
AESTHETIC EFFECT.
SHATTERPROOF GLASS
SHATTERPROOF GLASS IS USED FOR WINDOWS, SKYLIGHTS,
FLOORS ETC. SOME TYPE OF PLASTIC POLYVINYL BUTYRAL IS
ADDED IN ITS MAKING PROCESS. SO, IT CANNOT FORM SHARP
EDGED PIECES WHEN IT BREAKS.
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https://gharpedia.com/advantages-disadvantages-glass-building-material/
https://www.slideshare.net/shouryagoswami969/glass-presentation-51281466