Hemorrhagic stoke

Adult nursing theory 2

Student name:

Areej ali awad

Academic No. :

401000183

Supervised by :

Dr. reham saeed

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Introduction:

A stroke occurs when blood flow

to an area of the brain is cut off.
When this happens the brain cells
are deprived of oxygen and begin
to die.

A hemorrhagic stroke is when

blood from an artery begins
bleeding into the brain. This happens when a weakened blood
vessel bursts and bleeds into the surrounding brain.

Pressure from the leaked blood damages brains cells, and, as a

.result, the damaged area is unable to function properly

:Definition

A hemorrhagic stroke is also called an intracerebral

hemorrhage, or an ICH. An ICH occurs when a blood vessel
ruptures and blood accumulates in the tissue around the
rupture. This puts pressure on the brain and causes a loss of
blood to the surrounding areas.

 Causes of a hemorrhagic stroke:

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1- aneurysm: An aneurysm occurs when a section of a
blood vessel becomes enlarged from chronic and
dangerously high blood pressure or when a blood
vessel wall is weak, which is usually congenital.
2- arteriovenous
malformation (AVM).
This occurs when
arteries and veins are
connected abnormally
without capillaries
between them.

 Symptoms of hemorrhagic stoke :

1- total or limited loss of consciousness
2- nausea
3- vomiting
4- sudden and severe headache
5- weakness or numbness in the face, leg, or arm on one
side of the body
6- seizures
7- dizziness
8- loss of balance
9- problems with speech or swallowing
10- confusion or disorientation

 Diagnosis:

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 1- A physical exam.
2- Blood tests.
3- Computerized tomography (CT)scan.
4- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
5- Carotid ultrasound.
6- Cerebral angiogram.
7- Echocardiogram.
 Treatment:

Emergency treatment of hemorrhagic stroke focuses on

controlling the
bleeding and
reducing pressure in
your brain caused by
the excess fluid.

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Treatment options include:

 Emergency measures.
 Surgery.
 Surgical clipping.
 Coiling (endovascular embolization).
 Surgical AVM removal.
 Stereotactic radiosurgery.

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 References:

o https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317111

o https://www.healthline.com/health/hemorrhagic-
stroke#symptoms

o https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/stroke/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350119