Assessment 13.

3
Describe the two main types of mutation?
Gene mutations produce chains in a single gene. Chromosomal Mutations
produce changes in whole chromosomes

What Is a frameshift mutation? give an example

Two kinds of frameshift mutations are insertion and deletion. Insertion is
when a nucleotide is added, deletion is where a nucleotide is deleted.

The effects of a mutation are not always visible. Choose a species,

and explain how a biologist might determine whether a mutation
has occurred and, If so, what type of mutation is:
There are some mutations which do not affect the phenotype of an organism.
This kind of mutation occurs in a segment of DNA that has no specific
function and it is likely a neutral mutation. A neutral mutation usually has a
little or no effect to the living organism. It is neither beneficial nor harmful to
an organism’s fitness or its ability to survive life and reproduce offspring. For
scientists to detect this kind of mutation, they can trace the genetic history of
the organism and apply molecular techniques and tools for genetic diagnosis
in order to check whether there are changes or not in the genetic material of
the organism.

List three effects mutation can have on genes.

Mutations in genes are either insignificant, harmful, or beneficial to the
creature mutating.

What is the significance of mutations to living things?

In some cases, mutations have a neutral or harmless effect to living beings.
They can even give beneficial or useful effects when it comes to plant and
animal breeding. However, there are also harmful effects that usually disrupt
the normal gene function in living organisms which may result to genetic
disorders. Overall, the effects of mutation to living things often lead to
genetic variation and evolution.