ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE CHAPTERS 7-9 EMPOWER

CHAPTER 7
JOURNEYS

Useful words in the past: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,
last year, last Thursday, last month, this morning, in 2018, a month ago,
two years ago, last summer, etc.

1. PAST VERB TO BE (this verb is different to all other verbs in the

past)

Examples:

1. Were you sick yesterday?

No, I wasn´t sick yesterday
I was healthy yesterday
 2. Was Annie sad when she was a child? children
No, She wasn´t sad when she was a child
She was happy

3. Were we good kids in class?

No, we weren´t good kids in class
We were bad kids in class

4. Was it sunny yesterday?

No, it wasn´t sunny yesterday
It was cloudy

******In the past, there are REGULAR and IRREGULAR verbs.

REGULAR VERBS end in ED or IED

2. PAST SIMPLE REGULAR VERBS

Pronunciation in the past: You DON’T pronounce the “e” in the past for
most verbs. Examples: walked, played, talked, studied, closed…..etc.

You ONLY pronounce the “e” when the verbs end in:

T - wanted, protected, accepted

Te – tasted, invited, hated

D - needed, demanded, added

De- decided, divided, provided

In the past the auxiliary is DID. Remember: in the present the

auxiliaries are DO and DOES.
IMPORTANT: the verb changes ONLY in affirmative!
Examples:

1. Did you walk in the park yesterday?

No, I didn´t walk in the park yesterday
Yes, I walked in the park yesterday

2. Did Valentina study last week?

No, Valentina didn´t study last week
Yes, Valentina studied last week

3. Did we stop at the corner?

No, we didn´t stop at the corner
Yes, we stopped at the corner

4. Did they live in Paris?

No, they didn´t live in Paris
Yes, they lived in Paris
 2. PAST SIMPLE IRREGULAR VERBS

Remember: the verb changes ONLY in affirmative!

Examples:

1. Did you go to the restaurant

No, I didn´t go to the restaurant
Yes, I went to the restaurant

2. Did Laura buy a new house?

No, Laura didn´t buy a new house
Yes, Laura bought a new house
OTHER IMPORTANT IRREGULAR VERBS:

Go - went Maria went to the movies last week

Have - had I had a dog when I was a child

Fly - flew I flew to Mexico last summer

Drive - drove Peter drove his car to the university

Do - did We did our homework last night

Leave- left Monica left the house at 8:00

Feel - felt I felt sad yesterday, but today I am happy

Buy - bought My parents bought a new car last year

Eat - ate Her friends ate pizza last night

Tell - told He told me that he loved me

Cost - cost His new bike cost 1.000 dollars

Spend- spent Juan spent a lot of money last weekend

I spent a lot of time with my parents last month

Make - made Maria made a delicious cake

Come – came He came to my party

Get - got My students got a very good grade!

HOW TO FORM QUESTIONS – QASI- All verbs except TO BE

Q A S I
Where did you live when you were a child?

What time did Peter wake up?

Why did they study so much?

How many books did Maria read?

How much money did you have in your wallet yesterday?

HOW TO FORM QUESTIONS – QIS – Only verb TO BE

Q I S
Where was she this morning?
How old were you when you graduated from school
Why was John sad?
Which was your favorite movie?
When was Carol sick?
Where were they born?
 3. TRANSPORTATION

- use the preposition “BY” except “on foot”

I come to the university BY bus, train, car, Transmilenio, subway…..

I come to the university ON foot

Get IN the car, the cab, the taxi – SMALL SPACE

Get ON the bus, on the train, on the plane – BIG SPACE
 4. VERB + ING

Verbs: Like, don´t like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, can´t stand, don´t mind

I love dancing
She didn´t enjoy flying
She prefers studying during the
weekends
I can´t stand working long hours
I don´t mind staying at home

** I like walking …….I WOULD LIKE TO walk

Nancy would like to learn how to play tennis

5. DIFFERENT MEANINGS OF VERB “GET”

a) Become – I got married in 2010

b) Receive – She got an email this morning from my best friend
c) Arrive – Peter got home at 7:00
d) Bring – Please get me a cup of coffee
 CHAPTER 8

FIT AND HEALTHY

A. CAN – CAN´T – COULD – COULDN´T (modal verbs)

We use can to say that something is possible:

Examples:
It can be very cold here in winter
You can study in the library
She can speak several languages.
He can swim like a fish.
Can I ask a question, please?
Can we go home now?

We use can't or cannot to say that something is impossible:

Examples:
That can't be true.
You cannot drive fast
They can't dance very well.
Paul can´t cook pasta

We use could and couldn't to talk about the past:

She could speak several languages when she was a child.
They couldn't dance very well.
****Could is more formal and polite than can:
Could I ask a question please?
Could we go home now?
B. HAVE TO – DON´T HAVE TO (modal verbs)

We use have to to express obligation.

Examples:

I have to study English every day

Maria has to work early today
I don´t have to wake up early tomorrow
She doesn´t have to go to the university

C. PARTS OF THE BODY

 CHAPTER 9
CLOTHES AND SHOPPING

A. PRESENT CONTINUOUS – verb to be + verb + ING

We use it to talk about:

- Things happening now (He´s watching tv right now)

- Things happening around now (Vicky is traveling this year).
- Changing situations (More people are studying English)

**** Watch the spelling – read – reading / close – closing / run –

Running

- Some signal words when using Present continuous:

 at the moment
 now / just now / right now
 Listen!
 Look!
 in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening
 at noon / tonight
 tomorrow
 next Monday ...
 this week / this month / this year

 Affirmative: You are watching TV.
 Negative:  You are not watching TV.
 Question:  Are you watching TV?
 Examples:
 You are learning English now.
 You are not swimming now.
 Are you sleeping?
 I am sitting.
 I am not standing.
 Is he sitting or standing?
 I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
 I am not reading any books right now.
 Are you working on any special projects at work?

B. PRESENT SIMPLE vs PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present Simple Present Continuous

Things which are always true:
Water boils at 100 degrees.
Things which are happening at the
moment of speaking:
The water is boiling now, so
you can put in the pasta.

Permanent situations (or nearly Temporary situations:

permanent; true for a few years at
least): Julie is living in Paris for a few
months (usually she lives in London).
Julie lives in London.
Situations which are slowly changing:

I'm getting better and better at

speaking English.

Habits or things we do regularly: Temporary or new habits:

 I drink coffee every morning. I'm drinking too much coffee
these days because I'm so busy at work.

C. CLOTHES