Croda Lubricants

Leading the way naturally

PerfadTM 8400 - Lubricity Additive
for High Performance Neat
Metalworking Fluids

www.crodalubricants.com
Perfad 8400
Perfad 8400 is a new lubricity additive designed for use in the formulation of neat metal cutting and deformation fluids.
Based on polymeric chemistry, Perfad 8400 offers unique, unequalled lubrication performance. Perfad 8400:
l Outperforms conventional ester lubricity additives when used as an additive in mineral oil based metalworking fluids
l Can be used to super-boost lubrication performance of ester based neat metalworking fluids
l Can be used alone and in combination with conventional S and P containing EP / AW additives
l Is based solely on C, H and O

The potential benefits to the end user in using Perfad 8400 can include:
l Extended tool-life
l Reduced energy consumption due to lower torque
l Purer cuts
l Better surface finish

l Improved dimensional accuracy

l Fewer rejected parts
l Ability to machine more difficult alloys, with or without the use of reactive extreme pressure or anti-wear additives

Typical Physical Properties

Perfad 8400
Appearance Dark brown, viscous liquid
Dynamic viscosity at 40OC mPa.s 3510
Dynamic viscosity at 100OC mPa.s 151
Pour point O
C -6
Flash point O
C 280
Iodine value gI/100g 7
Density at 20OC g/ml 0.965

Assessing Lubrication Performance

A selection of bench tests have been used to demonstrate the lubrication properties of Perfad 8400:
l Microtapping torque (4mm and 6mm form tapping of aluminium and steel alloys)
l Reichert wear scar
l 4-ball wear scar
l Falex load to fail

Perfad 8400 has been evaluated in both mineral oil and ester based formulations.

Perfad 8400 as a Lubricity Additive for Mineral Oil Based Metalworking Fluids
Aluminium 6061 Form Tapping
In a 6mm micro-tapping torque test, 8% Perfad 8400 resulted in a 5% reduction in torque compared to conventional esters. At 16%
treat-rate a 7% reduction in torque was observed.

160

150
Torque Ncm

140

130

120
-5%
-7%
110

100
Base Oil Base Oil + 10% Ester Base Oil + 8% Perfad 8400 Base Oil + 16% Perfad 8400 Base Oil + 7.5% Perfad 8400
(ISO 32-68) (ISO 32-68) (ISO 46) (ISO 68) + 0.5% Crodafos O4A (ISO 46)
Mild Steel Form Tapping
Perfad 8400 was able to form tap a 4mm hole in mild steel, something that was not feasible using a conventional ester.
Perfad 8400 and Crodafos O4A can act synergistically in the form tapping of mild steel.

210

200
fail fail fail fail
Torque Ncm

190

180

170

160

150
Base Oil Base Oil + 10% Ester Base Oil + 10% Chlorinated Base Oil + 0.5% Base Oil + 8% Perfad 8400 Base Oil + 16% Base Oil + 7.5% Perfad
(ISO 22) (ISO 22) Paraffin (53% CI) Crodafos 04A (ISO 22) Perfad 8400 8400 + 0.5% Crodafos O4A
(ISO 22) (ISO 22) (ISO 22) (ISO 22)

Hard Steel 1018 Form Tapping

Conventional esters can be used in the 6mm form tapping of 1018 steel, as shown below. However, at a treat-rate of 8%, Perfad 8400
required 16% less torque than a conventional ester in order to form the same 6mm tapped hole.

500
fail
450
400
Torque Ncm

350
300
-16%
250 -23%

200
150

100
Base Oil Base Oil + 10% Ester Base Oil + 10% Chlorinated Base Oil + 8% Perfad 8400 Base Oil + 16% Perfad 8400 Base Oil + 7.5% Perfad 8400
(ISO 32-68) (ISO 32-68) Paraffin (53% CI) (ISO 32) (ISO 46) (ISO 68) + 0.5% Crodafos O4A (ISO 46)

Perfad 8400 and Crodafos O4A can also act synergistically, giving a further 7% reduction in torque, easily out-performing a chlorinated
paraffin.

Hard Steel 4140 Form Tapping

Perfad 8400 also shows excellent lubrication properties in the form tapping of 4140 steel, an alloy that normally requires the use of
chlorinated paraffin or other highly reactive lubricity additives. A 16% addition of Perfad 8400 to a mineral oil base fluid can be used to
form tap a 6mm hole.

500
fail fail
450

400
Torque Ncm

350

300
250
200

150

100
Base Oil Base Oil + 10% Ester Base Oil + 10% Chlorinated Base Oil + 16% Perfad 8400 Base Oil + 7.5% Perfad 8400
(ISO 32-68) (ISO 32-68) Paraffin (53% CI) (ISO 32) (ISO 68) + 0.5% Crodafos O4A (ISO 46)

Perfad 8400 (7.5%) and Crodafos O4A (0.5%) again work synergistically to give a torque level similar to 16% Perfad 8400.
Reichert Wear (steel – steel contact)
In the Reichert wear test, Perfad 8400 shows remarkably low wear scars compared to formulations containing conventional esters.

45

40

35
Wear Scar mm2

30

25

20

15

10

0
Base Oil Base Oil + 10% Ester Base Oil + 10% Chlorinated Base Oil + 0.5% Base Oil + 8% Base Oil + 16% Base Oil + 7.5%
(ISO 22) (ISO 22) Paraffin (53% CI) Crodafos 04A Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 + 0.5%
(ISO 22) (ISO 22) (ISO 22) (ISO 22) Crodafos O4A (ISO 22)

Perfad 8400 and Crodafos O4A work synergistically to give wear protection that is significantly better than can be achieved by using
either product alone. 

4-Ball Wear (steel – steel contact)

As observed in Reichert testing, Perfad 8400 shows excellent anti-wear properties in the 4-ball wear test. For an ISO 22 formulation,
Perfad 8400 (8% treat-rate) outperforms an ISO 22 mineral oil + 10% conventional ester, as well as a 100% ester formulation.

0.75

0.70
Wear Scar mm2

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.50

0.45

0.40
Base Oil Base Oil + 10% Ester 100% Ester Base Oil + 10% Base Oil + 0.5% Base Oil + 8% Base Oil + 16% Base Oil + 7.5%
(ISO 22) (ISO 22) (ISO 22) Chlorinated Paraffin Crodafos 04A Perfad 8400 (ISO 22) Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 + 0.5%
(53% CI) (ISO 22) (ISO 22) (ISO 22) Crodafos O4A (ISO 22)

A blend of Perfad 8400 and Crodafos O4A again shows synergism, resulting in a lower wear scar than is achievable for either
product alone.

Falex Load to Fail (steel – steel contact)

Esters are not extreme pressure additives but it is feasible to achieve excellent load to fail properties by blending Perfad 8400 with
Crodafos O4A.

3500

3000
pass
2500
Failure load lbs

2000

1500

1000

500

0
Base Oil Base Oil + 10% Ester Base Oil + 10% Chlorinated Base Oil + 0.5% Base Oil + 8% Base Oil + 16% Base Oil + 7.5%
(ISO 22) (ISO 22) Paraffin (53% CI) Crodafos 04A Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 + 0.5%
(ISO 22) (ISO 22) (ISO 22) (ISO 22) Crodafos O4A (ISO 22)
Perfad 8400 as a Lubricity Additive for Ester Based Metalworking Fluids
Conventional esters have very good inherent lubricity properties compared to mineral oils but with the addition of Perfad 8400 to ester
base fluids even greater lubrication performance can be conferred, in terms of lower torque to form tap holes in aluminium and ferrous
alloys and in reduced wear.

Aluminium 6061 Form Tapping

In the 6mm micro-tapping torque test, a formulation containing 8% Perfad 8400 resulted in a 31% reduction in torque compared to a
conventional ester of similar bulk viscosity.
200

180

160
Torque Ncm

140

120
-31%
-28%
100

80

60
Ester Base Oil 1 Ester Base Oil 2 Ester Base Oil 3 Ester Base Oil + 10% Ester Base Oil + 8% Ester Base Oil + 16%
(ISO 46) (ISO 68) (ISO 100) Chlorinated Paraffin (ISO 46) Perfad 8400 (ISO 68) Perfad 8400 (ISO 100)

Mild Steel Form Tapping

In the form tapping of mild steel, Perfad 8400 can be used as an additive to significantly improve the tapping performance of ester
based formulations. ISO 10 esters fail to form a 4mm tapped hole, something that is achievable with the addition of 8% Perfad 8400.
An ISO 15 formulation containing 16% Perfad 8400 requires 36% less torque than an ISO 15 conventional ester formulation.
220

200
fail
180
Torque Ncm

160

140

120

100 -36%

80

60
Ester Base Oil 1 Ester Base Oil 2/3 Ester Base Oil + 0.5% Ester Base Oil + 8% Ester Base Oil + 16% Ester Base Oil + 7.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 15-32) Crodafos 04A Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 + 0.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 10) (ISO 15) Crodafos 04A (ISO 10)

Hard Steel EN8 Form Tapping

ISO 10 and ISO 15 esters are unable to form tap 4mm holes in EN8 steel. The addition of Perfad 8400 to an ester base fluid makes this
machining operation feasible. Perfad 8400 also outperforms a formulation containing chlorinated paraffin in this test.

220

200
fail fail
Torque Ncm

180

160

140

120

100
Ester Base Oil Ester Base Oil Ester Base Oil + 10% Ester Base Oil + 0.5% Ester Base Oil + 8% Ester Base Oil + 16% Ester Base Oil + 7.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 15) Chlorinated Paraffin Crodafos 04A Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 + 0.5%
(53% CI) (ISO 10) (ISO 10) (ISO 10) (ISO 15) Crodafos 04A (ISO 10)
Hard Steel 1018 Form Tapping
Perfad 8400 demonstrates excellent lubrication performance in the form tapping of 6mm holes in 1018 steel. The addition of 8%
Perfad 8400 to an ester base fluid leads to 21% less torque than is required for a conventional ester of similar viscosity.
At 16% treat-rate, a Perfad 8400 containing formulation requires 29% less torque than an ester of similar bulk viscosity.

280

260

240

220
Torque Ncm

200

180 -21%
-29%
160

140

120

100
Ester Base Oil 1 Ester Base Oil 2 Ester Base Oil 3 Ester Base Oil +10% Ester Base Oil + 8% Ester Base Oil + 16%
(ISO 46) (ISO 68) (ISO 100) Chlorinated Paraffin (53% CI) Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400
(ISO 46) (ISO 68) (ISO 100)

Hard Steel 4140 Form Tapping

Perfad 8400 demonstrates excellent lubrication performance in the form tapping of 6mm holes in 4140 steel.
An ISO 68 formulation containing 8% Perfad 8400 gives an 8% improvement over a conventional ISO 68 ester, whilst an ISO 100
lubricant containing 16% Perfad 8400 gives a 41% improvement over a conventional ISO 100 ester.

400

350

300
Torque Ncm

250 -8%
-41%
200

150

100
Ester Base Oil Ester Base Oil Ester Base Oil Ester Base Oil +10% Ester Base Oil + 8% Ester Base Oil + 16%
(ISO 46) (ISO 68) (ISO 100) Chlorinated Paraffin (53% CI) Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400
(ISO 46) (ISO 68) (ISO 100)

Reichert Wear Test (steel – steel contact)

The addition of Perfad 8400 to conventional esters leads to a significant reduction in wear compared to a conventional ester of similar
viscosity. An ISO 15 formulation containing 16% Perfad 8400 gives a wear scar of only 16mm2 compared to 25mm2 for an ISO 15 ester.

30

25
Wear Scar mm2

20

15

10

0
Ester Base Oil 1 Ester Base Oil 2 Ester Base Oil + 0.5% Ester Base Oil + 8% Ester Base Oil + 16% Ester Base Oil + 7.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 15-32) Crodafos 04A Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 + 0.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 10) (ISO 15) Crodafos 04A (ISO 10)
4-Ball Wear (steel – steel contact)
Perfad 8400 also demonstrates wear protection properties in the 4-ball wear test when added to conventional esters.

0.60
0.58
0.56
Wear Scar mm2

0.54
0.52
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.44
0.42
0.40
Ester Base Oil 1 Ester Base Oil 2 Ester Base Oil + 0.5% Ester Base Oil + 8% Ester Base Oil + 16% Ester Base Oil + 7.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 15) Crodafos 04A Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 + 0.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 10) (ISO 15) Crodafos 04A (ISO 10)

Falex Load to Fail (steel – steel contact)

Perfad 8400 is able to confer some additional load carrying capabilities to conventional ester base fluids. A blend of Perfad 8400
and Crodafos O4A in an ester base fluid can achieve the maximum failure load but this method is not able to quantify the synergism
previously seen between these two products in mineral oil formulations.

3000
pass pass
2500
Failure load lbs

2000

1500

1000

500

0
Ester Base Oil 1 Ester Base Oil 2 Ester Base Oil + 0.5% Ester Base Oil + 8% Ester Base Oil + 16% Ester Base Oil + 7.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 15) Crodafos 04A Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 Perfad 8400 + 0.5%
(ISO 10) (ISO 10) (ISO 15) Crodafos 04A (ISO 10)

Sales and technical support

With over 30 years experience of working with lubricant formulators, Croda’s global technical specialists are able to offer advice and
support in selecting the most effective products for your application. This, coupled with our extensive sales network, means we have
the ability to offer the broadest range of products. Make Croda your partner of choice.

Further information
For more detailed product information, regulatory status, MSDS and samples please contact your local Croda Sales Office or visit our
website www.crodalubricants.com. Alternatively, you can email us at lubricants@croda.com.
Non-warranty
The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and is given in good faith, but no representation or warranty as to its completeness or accuracy is
made. Suggestions for uses or applications are only opinions. Users are responsible for determining the suitability of these products for their own particular
purpose. No representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made with respect to information or products including, without limitation, warranties of
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement of any third party patent or other intellectual property rights including, without limit, copyright,
trademark and designs. Any trademarks identified herein are trademarks of the Croda group of companies.
©2012 Croda Europe Ltd 01/12 LMB023v1