GENERAL

MATHEMATICS

TERM
:
PRELIM

MODULE CONTENTS : LESSON 1 Relation and functions

LESSON 2 Evaluating Function
LESSON 3 Fundamental Operation of function – Addition and
Subtraction
LESSON 4 Product of Function
LESSON 5 Quotients of Functions
LESSON 6 Evaluating of composition of function
LESSON 7 Rational Equation and inequality Function
LESSON 8 Solving rational equation
Summative

SUBJECT TEACHER : MA. KRISTINA B. PABLO, LPT

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LESSON 1

Relation and functions

Relation – is a set of n ordered pair ( X, Y )

Domain- First coordinate in relation;( X ); input; an independent variable
Range- First coordinate in relation;( X ) ; input; dependent variable
Function- a relation which an element in the domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range.
Example
Example 11 : FUNCTION Example 2: Not FUNCTION

L 1
O 2
V 3
E 4
In Example no. 1 : This is a function because L is
to 1 , O is to 2 , V is to 3 and E is to 4. Wherein, it
shows a one to one function. Always remember
that the relation is a function when it is a one to
one function. Para bang dapat si x ay meron lang
value na iisa galling kay y.
TESS
LIEZL
JERRY MARIA
JESSICA
BIANCA
In Example no. 2 : This is a not function because
Jerry is to Tess, Liezl,Maria, jes and Bianca.
Wherein, it shows a one to many function. Always
remember that the relation is not a function
when it is shows one to many function. Para bang
pag nangyari na dalawa na kayo sa isang tao hindi
matatawag na function ang relation.

Ways of Representing Function

Mapping Table of values Graphing

x Y x Y
3 2 -2 -10
2 4 -1 -3
1 3 0 4
4 3 1 -2
5 -1 2 1

The Vertical Line Test

Mapping : Sa mapping naman para ma line
If any vertical identify niyo
passes kung function
through ormore
a graph at not pag inone
than arrow arrow
point, then the
mo... Gumuhit ng Cartesian plane at I plot doon yung mga ordered pair at gamitin ang vertical
graph is not the graph of a function.  Otherwise it is the graph of a
line test . Sa vertical linefunction.
test malalaman
* pag ang dalawang point ay natusok ng line na ilalapat sa
cartesian plane ibig sabihin nun hindi yung function pero pag walang point sa isang line means
nun function yung relation. Itry mo para malaman.
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 Example for Vertical
line test:

A circle is not the graph of a not function

as shown below.

Types of Relation

1. One to one
X Y
Pag nag mahal ka kasi dapat one to one lang,
3 2 para mag FUNCTION! Stick to one dapat
2 4
1 3

2. One to many
Sa tunay na relasyon dapat isa lang baby MO. Hindi
X Y yung may baby 1 , baby 2 at baby 3 ka pa! kaya
3 2 walng nag Function na relationship mo!

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 2 4
1 3
3. Many to one
Parang si billie naman ito ng meant to be ; Apat
X Y
manliligaw .  Tyaka Ganyan dapat kasi girls! para
3 2 More chances of winning. Para mag ing maganda
2 4 ang Function ng relationship mo!
1 3
4. Many to many
x Y
Ikaw nga, san mo ihahalintulad ito?
3 2 __________________________________________
2 4 ________________________________________.
1 5

Activity 1 :
Direction: Use the 3 Ways of Representing Function . Identify if it is a Function or Not

1. ( 3, 2) (-2, 1) (1, 0) (0, 1) (-4 , 3)

2. (0, -3) (-4, 0 ) (3, -4) (1, 4) (-5, 8)
3. (1, 4) (2, -4) (3, 1) (-3, -4) (-4, 2)
4. (-1, 3) (-4, -4) (-2, -1) (3, -4) (4, -2)
5. (0, 3) (-2, 1 ) (-5, 4) (-2, 4) (-5, -3)
Activitivity 1.a
Capture things from your home that will illustrate the rule of a function
LESSON 2
Evaluating Function

To evaluate a function is to:

Replace (Substitute) its variable with a given number or expression.
Like in this example:

Example: evaluate the function f(x) = 2x+4 for x=5

Just replace the variable "x" with "5":

f(5) = 2×5 + 4 = 14
Answer: f(5) = 14
Note : F is the name of a function; it could be (g, h)
2x + 4 is the variable of the function
Example : Follow the PEMDAS
1. X = 3 , if f(x) = 5x+3 ,
P-ARENTHESIS
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E-XPONENT

M-ULTIPLICATION
 f(3) = 5(3) + 3
f(x) = 18
2. X = 2 , If f(x) = x2 + 5x -3
f(2) = 22 + 5(2) -3
= 4 + 10 – 3
f(x) = 11
3. X = -2 , If f(x) = x2 + 5x -3
f(2) = -22 + 5(-2) -3
= 4 + (-10 ) – 3
f(x) = -9
Activity 2:
Evaluate the Following if x= 2 and -3 Show your Solution.
1. 2x3+ 4x2 – 3x + 8
2. X + 23
3. -3x2 + 2x -6
4. 5x3+ 8x2 – 2x + 10
5. 2x2 – 8x +18

Figure 1. Types of Function

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LESSON 3

Fundamental Operation of function

Operations with Functions

We can add, subtract, multiply and divide functions!

The result is a new function.

Let us try doing those operations on f(x) and g(x):

Addition

Steps :
1. Substitute the value of the given functions
2. Combine like terms’

We can add two functions:

(f+g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
Note: we put the f+g inside () to show they both work on x.
Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2
(f+g)(x) = (2x+3) + (x2) = x2+2x+3
Sometimes we may need to combine like terms:

Example 2
Problem  

 
Find (f + g)(x).
  Identify f(x) and g(x).
Replace f(x)
with  , and g(x)
with  .
Then add and combine
like terms.

Answer  

Acitivity 3.a
Operation of a Function : Addition Note : lagi mong tatandaan pag sa addition g function,
ang kailangan mong gawin pag sama samahin yung mga
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parehas ng variables (xyz) then just add or kung nalilito
ka. Pag tapat-tapatin mo. Then add the coefficient.
 1. f (x) = (2x +3 )
g (x) = (3x -2)
2. f (x) = (4x3 + 2x2 – 3x + 12 )
g (x) = (-2x3 + 2x2 + 12 )
3. f (x) = ( 3x2+ 2x -3x )
g (x) (2x +3 )
4. f (x) = 4x2 + 2x -10
g (x) = x2 –x – 3
5. (3x - 3 ) (2 x -4 )
Subtraction

Steps
1. Substitute the value of the given functions
2. Change the sign of the Subtrahend
3. Combine like terms

We can also subtract two functions:

(f-g)(x) = f(x) − g(x)
Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) =-x+2
(f-g)(x) = (2x+3) − (-x+2)
(f-g)(x) = (2x+3) + (x-2)
(f-g)(x) = 3x +1
Note : lagi mong tandaan ito KCC

KEEP the minuend yung nauna

CHANGE the sign

CHANGE the subtrahend yung pangalawa. Paitan

yung mga sign like positive to negative o vice vers

Find (g – f)(x).

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 Replace g(x) and f(x) with
their respective expressions.
 
Then subtract and combine
like terms.

Answer  

Activity 3.b
Operation of a Function: Subtraction
1. f (x) = (2x +3 )
g (x) = (3x -2)
2. f (x) = (4x3 + 2x2 – 3x + 12 )
g (x) = (-2x3 + 2x2 + 12 )
3. f (x) = ( 3x2+ 2x -3x )
g (x) (2x +3 )
4. f (x) = 4x2 + 2x -10
g (x) = x2 –x – 3
5. (3x - 3 ) (2 x -4 )

LESSON 4

Product of Function

Multiplication
1. Product rule for Exponent
Xm ∙ Xn = Xm + n, this says that to multiply two exponents with the same base, you keep the base and add
the powers.
2. Power rule for Exponent
(Xm)n = Xmn, this says that to raise a power to a power you need to multiply the exponents. There are
several other rules that go along with the power rule, such as the product-to-powers rule and the
quotient-to-powers rule.
3. Power of a product Rules
The Power of a Product rule states that a term raised to a power is equal to the product of its factors
raised to the same power. In this lesson, learn more about this rule 
(xy)n =xnyn
Polynomials : comes from poly- (meaning "many") and -nomial (in this case meaning "term") ... so it says
"many terms"

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What is Monomial?
An algebraic expression consisting of one term.
What is Binomial?
An algebraic expression consisting of two terms.
What is Trinomial?
An algebraic expression consisting of three terms.

There is also quadrinomial (4 terms) and quintinomial (5 terms),

but those names are not often used.

a. Multiplying Binomial to monomial Use distributive property: yung isang term I

f = 3x g = 2x +3 multiply mo sa lahat ng numbers sa isang set of
(f∙g)(x) = ( 3x ) (2x +3) number. After nun I arrange mo. From highest
(f∙g)(x) = = 6x2 +9x degree to lowest, means yung exponent ang pinag
uusapan pag degree

3x times 2x is equal to 6x2 ilagay mo sa box

Multiply 2x 3 katapat nila.
by
Mam , bakit x2 yung sa 6? Dahil ang exponent
3x 6x2 9x sa multiplication ay pinag aadd. Nandun sa taas
yung rule na binasa mo.

then 3x times 3 is equal to 9x

pag natapos nay an, ayusin mo na.

b. Multiplying binomial to binomial

f = 2x + 2 g = 5x -4 Laging tatandaan ang FOIL method ay
(f∙g)(x) = (2x + 2 ) (5x -4) magagamit lang sa binomial to binomial. First
means yung unang terms ng both set of
equation, next yung Outer I multiply si first
Last
(f∙g)(x)Inner
term ng unang set sa last ng second equation.
= (2x + 2 ) (5x -4)
Inner naman yung dalawang loob. Last, yung
dulu duluhan ng dalawang equation.
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 First
Outer

= (2x∙5x) (2x∙-4) (2∙5x) (2∙-4)

= (10x2) (-8x) (10x) (-8)
= 10x2 + 2x -8 Combine like terms
Multiply by 5x -4
Ang Box method ay applicable sa lahat. Mam,
bakit may bilog yung -8x at 10x? kasi same sila
2x 10x2 -8x ng variable ibig sabihin dapat I simplify sila.

2 10x -8

FOIL Method – this is only applicable for Binomial to Binomial

c. Multiplying binomial to Trinomial
f = -3x + 5 g = 5x2 -2x + 4
(f∙g)(x) = (-3x + 5) (5x2 -2x + 4)
=(-3x ∙ 5x2) (-3x ∙(-2x)) (-3x ∙ 4) (5 ∙ 5x2 ) (5 ∙(-2x) ) (5 ∙ 4)

= ( -15 x3) (6x2)(-12x) (25x2)(-10x)(20)

= ( -15 x3) (6x2) (25x2) (-12x)(- 10x) (20)

Combine like terms = -15 x3 + 31 x2 -22x + 20

Multiply by 5x2 -2 +4 Subukan niyo to, para masanay at ma

master ninyo. Same process lang to sa
-3x -15 x3 6x2 -12x
naunang mga examples
5 25x2 -10 20

Combine like terms = -15 x3 + 31 x2 -22x + 20

Example
Problem  

Find the product of f and g.

  To find the product,
multiply the functions.

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   Replace f(x) with (2x + 1),
and g(x) with (5x – 3).

Answer  

 
Activity 4
Operation of a Function: Multiplication
1. f (x) = (2x +3 )
g (x) = (3x -2)
2. f (x) = (4x3 + 2x2 – 3x + 12 )
g (x) = (-2x3 + 2x2 + 12 )
3. f (x) = ( 3x2+ 2x -3x )
g (x) (2x +3 )
4. f (x) = 4x2 + 2x -10
g (x) = x2 –x – 3
5. (3x - 3 ) (2 x -4 )
LESSON 5

Quotient of Functions

Quotient Rule of Exponent

xm , m−n x5 ,
1. = x when m>n = x 5−2=x 3
xn x2
xm , 1, x4 , 1 , = 1 ,
2. = when m< n = 6 −4
xn xn −m x6 x x2
xm , 0 x3 , 3
3. = x whenm=0 = x =1
xn x3
Division
Example:
1. f (x ) = 10 x 20 g (x ) = 2 x 8
f ( x ) , 10 x 20 , 12
= 8
=5 x
g( x) 2x
2. f (x ) = = -8 x 5 g (x ) = 4 x 8
f ( x ) , −8 x 5 , 1 −2
g( x)
=
4x 8 ( )
=−2 5−8 = 3
x x
3
3. f (x ) = = 6x g (x ) = 6 x 3
f ( x ) , 6 x3 , 0
= 3 =1 ( x )
g( x) 6 x ,
Example

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Problem  

Find  .
  To find the quotient,
divide f by g.
Substitute the polynomials in
for f(x) and g(x) and divide.
We add   because x = 0
would make the
denominator g(x) =0

and   undefined.

  Remember to rename   as

1.
Answer  

Activity 5
Operation of a Function: Division I apply ang rules of quotient.
1. f (x ) = 36x 24 g (x ) = 18 x 12
2. f (x ) = 4x 5 g (x ) = 4 x5 E.1 : 10 divide by 2 is equal to 5, then 20
3. f (x ) = 12 x 3g (x ) = 2 x 14 minus 8 is equal to 12 so the answer is
4. f (x ) = 6 x 6 g (x ) = 2 x 22 5x raise to 12. Apply the QRE#1
5. f (x ) = x – 5 g (x ) = 10x - 20
2. Apply the QRE#2

3. Apply the QRE#3

LESSON 6

Evaluating of composition of function

(f°g)(x)

First Second

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 Steps

1. Given
2. Replace the “x” by the second function
3. Distribute
4. Combine similar terms
5. Substiture the value of x
6. Solve and Simplify

Example :
1. f = 4x +3 , g = x2 + 3 =4 x2 + 15
f°g g°f
= x2 + 3
=4(x2 + 3) + 3 =(4x +3) 2 + 3
=4 x2 + 12 + 3 =16x2 + 24x +12
2. f = -20x , g = x2 -40
f°g g°f
=-20(x2 -40) = -202 -40
=-20 x2 + 800 = 400 -40
= 360
LESSON 7

Rational Equation and inequality Function

Polynomial is an expression consisting of variables (also called indeterminate ) and coefficients, that
involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponentiation of
variables
Example :
1. 2x + 3 : P 4. 5x-4 :NP
2. 2y3 – 4y -10 : P 5. 45x2 – 12 x +3 : P
3. √ 481 : NP
Rational Equation: an equation involving rational expressions

Rational Inequality: Inequality involving rational expressions

Rational Function: A function that is the ratio of two polynomials.

It is "Rational" because one is divided by the other, like a ratio.
(Note: the polynomial we divide by cannot be zero.)

LESSON 8

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 Solving rational equation

Steps : IDEMSOF

1. Identify the LCD of ll the denominator

2. Multiply each term of the equation by the LCD
3. Solve the resulting equation
4. Finalize your answer
Example 1.
4x 1 1
+ =
6 3 2
4x 1 1 6 So
(
IDE : 6 (LCD) 6 + 6 = 2 1 ) 4x + 2 =3
M 4X = 3 – 2
24 x 6 6 6 4X
( 6 + 3=2 )1
Activity: 4
=1

2x 2 4 F
1. − =
3 6 3 x=1/4
4 x 3 12
2. − =
6 12 4

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 SUMMATIVE:

EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING: x = 4 , y= -2 , and x = -8, y = 6 , z = -5

1. 8x2y2+ 2xy – 8
2. 6xyz + 3
3. -4x4y + 12 x 2 – 3x + 2
4. X2 + 4xy + 2
5. X3 + 2x2y –x + 4
Plot the following ordered pairs and Identify if it is Function or not. VERTICAL LINE TEST AND
MAPPING
1. ( -3, 4) (2, -1) (-1, 0) (3, -1) (4 , -3)
2. (-2, 4) (-2, 4) (2,1) (-2, -5) (-4, 3)
3. (-3, 2) (2, 1) (1, 0) (0, 1) (-4 , -3)
4. (3, -3) (2, -4) (-2, -1) (5, -3) (1, -2)
5. ( -2, 2) (-4, 1) (-1, 3) (0, 3) (-2 , 3)

Operation of Function (addition, subtraction, multiplication for 1-4)

1. (3x - 3 ) (2 x -4 )
2. (-2x + 2) ( 2x )
3. (6xy + 3) (-8X-2)
4. (4x4 – 6x 3 + 3x 2 -3x +12) (x2 +4x -3)
5. Find (f+g/h)(x)
F(x) = 8x3-3x2 g(x) = 4x3 + 9x2 h(x) = 3x2

Composition of Function
F = x2 +4x -3
G = 4x4 – 6x 3 + 3x 2 -3x +12
H = 12x -4
a. ( F o g ) (x)
b. ( g o f ) (x)
c. ( h o f ) (x)
d. ( g o h ) (x)
e. ( F o g o h ) (x)
God bless!

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