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Metal Casting
Metal Casting
Metal Casting
CASTING
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Solidification Processes
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Classification of solidification processes
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Casting of Metals
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Capabilities and Advantages of
Casting
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Disadvantages of Casting
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Parts Made by Casting
Big parts
Engine blocks and heads for automotive vehicles,
wood burning stoves, machine frames, railway
wheels, pipes, church bells, big statues, pump
housings
Small parts
Dental crowns, jewelry, small statues, frying pans
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Overview of Casting Technology
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
The Mold in Casting
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Open Molds and Closed Molds
Two forms of mold: (a) open mold and (b) closed mold for
more complex mold geometry with gating system leading into
the cavity
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Two Categories of
Casting Processes
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Advantages and Disadvantages
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Sand Casting Mold
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Terminology for
Sand Casting Mold
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Forming the Mold Cavity
in Sand Casting
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Use of a Core in the Mold Cavity
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Gating System
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Riser
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Heating the Metal
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Pouring the Molten Metal
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Solidification of Metals
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Cooling Curve for a Pure Metal
A pure metal
solidifies at a
constant
temperature
equal to its
freezing point
(same as
melting point)
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Solidification of Pure Metals
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Solidification of Pure Metals
Characteristic grain
structure in a casting of
a pure metal, showing
randomly oriented
grains of small size
near the mold wall, and
large columnar grains
oriented toward the
center of the casting
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Most Alloys Solidify Over a
Temperature Range
(a) Phase diagram for a copper-nickel alloy system and
(b) cooling curve for a 50%Ni-50%Cu composition
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Solidification of Alloys
Characteristic grain
structure in an alloy
casting, showing
segregation of alloying
components in center
of casting
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Solidification Time
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Mold Constant in Chvorinov's
Rule
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
What Chvorinov's Rule Tells Us
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Shrinkage during Solidification
and Cooling
(0) starting level of molten metal after pouring; (1) reduction
in level caused by liquid contraction during cooling
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Shrinkage during Solidification
and Cooling
(2) reduction in height and formation of shrinkage cavity
caused by solidification; (3) further reduction in volume due to
thermal contraction during cooling of solid metal
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Solidification Shrinkage
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Shrinkage Allowance
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Directional Solidification
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Achieving Directional
Solidification
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
External Chills
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Riser Design
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e