CE305 Reinforced Concrete Design-I

TOPICS: EXAMPLES ON T BEAM DESIGN

WEEK: 11
LECTURE: 18
LEVEL: 6 TH SEMESTER 3 RD YEAR
PREREQUISITES: NONE

COURSE TEACHER: ENGR. ARBAB I MRAN KHAN ( arbab.civil@suit.edu.pk )

ACCESS AT: portal.suit.edu.pk
Civil Engineering Department, SUIT Peshawar

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 1

 Design of T Beams
Usually the flange thickness has been determined by the slab
design

The size of the web is usually determined by shear demands

or by negative moments

The width of the web may be determined to be wide enough

to accommodate the reinforcing

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 2

 Design of T Beams
The NA usually falls in the flange and the T-Beam can be
designed as a rectangular beam

If the NA falls in the web, a trial and error design

process may be required
The “lever arm” is estimated
The amount of steel is estimated, based on the estimated
lever arm

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 3

 Design of T Beams
A new estimate of the lever arm is made, based on the steel
requirement

A new estimate of the required amount of steel is made

The process is repeated until acceptable convergence is

obtained

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 4

 Design of T Beams
The trial and error procedure can be avoided if the T-Beam is
split into two sets of rectangles

The compressive force in the overhanging flanges is balanced

by part of the tensile reinforcement

The compressive force in the web is balanced by the remaining

tensile steel

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 5

 Design of T Beams
The design flexural strength of the overhanging flanges is
given by:

The moment not resisted by the flanges is given by:

Muw = Mu - Muf

Useful steel expressions are:

Asw = ρw bwdw
As = Asf + Aw
ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 6
 Example 3: Design of T Beam
Determine the positive moment steel area required for a T-
beam for the floor system shown. The span is simply
supported and has a length of 20 ft. Use a concrete
strength of 4,000 psi and Grade 60 reinforcement. MD =
80 k-ft and ML = 100 k-ft

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 7

 Example 3: Design of T Beam
a) Determine the effective flange width be
20
(12in/ft) = 60 in ← (Selected as least value of be)
4
16(4in) + 12 = 76 in
10 (12 in/ft) = 120 in

b) Compute required flexural strength –

assume f = 0.90
Mu = 1.2 (80 ft-k) + 1.6 (100 ft-k) = 256 ft-k
256
Mn = = 284.4 ft-k
0.9

c) Try a lever arm of the larger of 0.9d and d – hf / 2

z = 0.9d = 0.9 (18 in) = 16.2 in ← (Selected as larger value of moment arm)
z = d-hf/2 = 18 – (4 in)/2 = 16 in

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 8

 Example 3: Design of T Beam
d) Estimate the required steel
Mn ≈ As fy z
𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑛 284.4 𝑓𝑡;𝑘 12
𝑓𝑡
or As ≈ = = 3.51 in2
𝑓𝑦𝑧 60 𝑘𝑠𝑖 16.2 𝑖𝑛

e) Determine a and re-calculate z

0.85f’cAc = As fy
0.85 (4ksi)Ac = (3.51 in2)(60ksi)

Ac = 61.9 in2 < (4in)(60) therefore N. A is in the flange

61.9
a= 60
= 1.033 in

𝑎 1.03
z = 𝑑 − 2 = 18 − = 17.48 in
2

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 9

 Example 3: Design of T Beam
f) Re-calculate the required steel
Mn ≈ As fy z
12−𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑛 284.4𝑓𝑡;𝑘
𝑓𝑡
or As ≈ = = 3.254 in2
𝑓𝑦𝑧 60𝑘𝑠𝑖 17.48𝑖𝑛

g) Determine a and re-calculate z

0.85f’cAc = As fy
0.85 (4ksi) Ac = (3.254 in2) (60 ksi)

Ac = 57.4 in2 < (4in)(60in) Therefore NA is in the flange

a = 57.4 in2/(60 in) = 0.96 in

0.96
z = d – a/2= 18 − = 17.52 in
2

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 10

 Example 3: Design of T Beam
h) Re-calculate the required steel
Mn ≈ As fy z

12𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑛 284.4 𝑓𝑡;𝑘 𝑓𝑡
or As ≈ 𝑓𝑦𝑧
= 60𝑘𝑠𝑖 17.52𝑖𝑛
= 3.25 in2
Close enough to the previous value

i) Determine the minimum steel

200𝑏𝑤𝑑 200 12𝑖𝑛 18𝑖𝑛
As, min ≥ = = 0.72 in2
𝑓𝑦 60,000𝑝𝑠𝑖

As = 3.25 in2 > 0.72 in2 (OK)

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 11

 Example 3: Design of T Beam
j) Compute, et and f

𝑎 (0.96𝑖𝑛)
c=ß = = 1.13 𝑖𝑛
1
0.85

𝑑;𝑐 18;1.13
Ɛt = (0.003 in / in) = (0.003 in/in) = 0.045 > 0.005
𝑐 1.13

Section is ductile and Ø = 0.9 as assumed

As, reqd = 3.25 in2

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 12

 Example 4: Design of T Beam
Design a T-beam for the floor system shown. The span is
simply supported and has a length of 18 ft. Use a concrete
strength of 3,000 psi and Grade 60 reinforcement. MD =
200 k-ft and ML = 425 k-ft

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 13

 Example 4: Design of T Beam
a) Determine the effective flange width

18𝑓𝑡
= 4𝑓𝑡 6𝑖𝑛 = 54 𝑖𝑛 ←
4

15in +16(3in) = 63 in

(6ft)(12in/ft) = 72 in

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 14

 Example 4: Design of T Beam
b) Compute required flexural strength –
assume f = 0.90

Mu = 1.2 (200k-ft) +1.6 (425 k-ft) = 920 k-ft

𝑓𝑡
Mu = 920𝑘 − 0.9 = 1022 k − ft

c) Try a lever arm of the larger of 0.9d

and d – hf / 2
Z = 0.9(24in) = 21.60 in

Or

3𝑖𝑛
Z = 24in - = 22.5 𝑖𝑛 ←
2

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 15

 Example 4: Design of T Beam
d) Estimate the required steel

Asfyz ≈ Mn

12𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑛 𝑓𝑡
1022𝑘;𝑓𝑡
As ≈ = = 9.08 𝑖𝑛2
𝑓𝑦 𝑧 60𝑘𝑠𝑖 22.5𝑖𝑛

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 16

 Example 4: Design of T Beam
e) Determine a and re-calculate z

0.85 f’c Ac = Asfy

0.85 (3ksi) Ac = (9.08in) (60 ksi)

Ac = 213.6 in2 > (3in)(54in) = 162 in2, Therefore NA is below the flange

3.44 𝑖𝑛
162𝑖𝑛2 1.5 𝑖𝑛 : 51.6 𝑖𝑛2 3 𝑖𝑛:
ȳ= 213.7𝑖𝑛2
2
= 2.28𝑖𝑛

Z = 24 in – 2.28 in = 21.72 in

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 17

 Example 4: Design of T Beam
f) Re-calculate the required steel

Asfyz ≈ Mn

12 𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑛 1022 𝑘;𝑓𝑡
𝑓𝑡
As ≈ = = 9.410 𝑖𝑛2
𝑓𝑦𝑧 60 𝑘𝑠𝑖 21.72 𝑖𝑛

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 18

Example 4: Design of T Beam
g) Cycle again since steel areas differ significantly

0.85 f’c Ac = Asfy

0.85 (3 ksi)Ac = (9.41 in)(60 ksi)

Ac = 221.4 in2 > (3 in)(54 in) = 162 in2, Therefore NA is below flange

3.96 𝑖𝑛
162 𝑖𝑛2 1.5 𝑖𝑛 : 59.4 𝑖𝑛2 3 𝑖𝑛: 2
ȳ= = 2.43 𝑖𝑛
221.4 𝑖𝑛2

z = 24 in – 2.43 in = 21.57 in

𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑛 12𝑓𝑡 1022𝑘;𝑓𝑡
As ≈ = = 9.48 in2
𝑓𝑦𝑧 (60 ksi)(21.57 in)

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 19

 Example 4: Design of T Beam
h) Determine the minimum steel

200 200
ρmin = = 60.000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 = 0.00333
𝑓𝑦

As, min = (0.00333)(15 in)(24 in) = 1.20 in2 < 9.48 in2 OK

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 20

 Example 4: Design of T Beam
i) Compute, et and f

a = 3 in + 3.96 in = 6.96 in

𝑎 6.96 𝑖𝑛
c=ß = = 8.19 in
1
0.85

(𝑑;𝑐) 24 𝑖𝑛;8.19 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛
Ɛt = (0.003 in/in) = 0.003 𝑖𝑛 = 0.0058 > 0.005
𝑐 8.19

Section is ductile and Ø = 0.90 as assumed

As, reqd ≈ 9.480 in2

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 21

Mini Project:
(Please scan your calculations to PDF form and email it to arbab.civil@suit.edu.pk)

Design a reinforced concrete section that can carry a factored moment of 260 K⋅ft as:
a. Singly reinforced, b=10 in.
b. Doubly reinforced, 25% of the moment to be resisted by compression steel, b=10 in.
c. T-section, which has a flange thickness of 3 in, flange width of 20 in, and web width of 10 in.
Then f ‘c = 3ksi and fy = 60 ksi for all problems.

Determine the quantities of concrete and steel designed per foot length of beams. Also, determine
the cost of each design if the price of the concrete equals $50/yd3 and that of steel is $0.30/lb.
Tabulate and compare results.

(10 marks)
(Submission due date is before 1030 hours 10th September 2020)

ENGR. ARBAB IMRAN KHAN (SUIT PESHAWAR) ARBAB.CIVIL@SUIT.EDU.PK 22