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Madame Allard

2010 | ICHEC
Group 20

PRESS FILE
 Table of contents
1) A river ran through it……………………………….3
Key words……………………………………………………..4
Diagram………………………………………………………..5
Summary……………………………………………………….6

2) Cleanup artist………………………………………..7
Key words………………………………………………………8
Diagram ………………………………………………………..9
Summary ……………………………………………………..10

3) The new slave trade………………………………..11

Key words……………………………………………………...12
Diagram………………………………………………………...13
Summary………………………………………………………..14

4) Beyond Copenhagen………………………………15
Key words………………………………………………………16
Diagram…………………………………………………………17
Summary………………………………………………..18

5) Bibliography…………………………………………..19

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 A river ran through it

Time, December 14, 2009

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 Key words
Fringe [frɪndʒ] en bordure de, en marge de

To drop [drɒp] laisser tomber

Threat [θret] menace

thaw [θɔ:] fondre

birth [bɜ:θ] naissance

nurse [nɜ:s] infirmier

Scarcity [ˈskeəsətɪ] Rareté, pénurie

growth [grəʊθ] croissance

Pattern [ˈpætən] Motif, dessin, marques

Coverage [ˈkʌvərɪdʒ] couverture

To pledge [pledʒ] Promettre, engager

To stretch [stretʃ] Tendre, étirer, étendre

To tap [tæp] Capter, faire un

branchement sur
flow [fləʊ] couler

Damaging [ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ] dommageable, nuisible

Plentiful [ˈplentɪfʊl] abondant

To melt [melt] fondre

To sustain [səˈsteɪn] Entretenir, maintenir

Greenhouse [ˈgri:nhaʊs] effet de serre

Flash flood [flæʃ] [flʌd] Eclat, crue subite

Melting glaciers in the Himalayas

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Facts
 The high-altitude glaciers of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau the water
tower of Asia creating the third pole the mightiest river system in the
world.
 3 billion people: nursed by Himalayan ice

Problems: Indicators of climate change

 Melting glaciers: green house gases
 Precipitations dropped during the past quarter-century
 Water scarcity
 Warming temperatures
 Water-stressed
 The population in Asia: setting to expand
 Economic growth: increasing competition for water

Widening gap between water supplies and needs

The impacts of ice loss

 A threat to food security
 The third pole: melting fast flash flooding, the risk of bursting glacial lackes.
 Problems in developing nations: China and India
 Growing prosperity greater demand for water

 Potential battles over-water

 International conflict

Solutions
 Approving a more effective and equitable agreement.
 The US: pledging to cut carbon emissions.
 Reducing carbon emissions damaging storms and other national disasters less
frequent.

Summary

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 The article focuses on the controversial issue of climate change and the impacts of ice
loss in Asia.

The author illustrate that the high-altitude glaciers of the Himalayas and the Tibetan
Plateau are the water tower of Asia, also called the third pole. When the snow melts every
spring the glaciers birth the mightiest river system in the world. Moreover, the writer
draws our attention to the fact that these rivers give material and spiritual sustenance to
nearly half of the world’s population, and all these rivers are nursed by Himalayan ice.

One striking fact is that the precipitation dropped during quarter-century and the
temperatures increased due to the greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the population in Asia
is setting to expand very fast. Besides, the economic growth, in developing nations as
China and India, is increasing competition for water. As a result, we have less water
resources. Therefore, we have a widening gap between water supplies and needs.

Moreover, the impact of ice loss is a threat to food security. Indeed, the third pole is
melting very fast so there is the risk of bursting glacial lacks and flash flooding. In
addition to that, the writer draws our attention to the fact that water scarcity has frequently
led to international conflict.

Indeed, a solution to this ice lost in Asia would be to approve a more effective and
equitable agreement in order to reduce carbon emissions. As a result, the damaging storms
and other national disasters would be less frequent.

Cleanup artist
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Time, January 12, 2010

Key words

Mismanage [ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒ] mal gérer

Dropout [ˈdrɒpaʊt] Marginal, étudiant, étudiante

qui abandonne ses études
Task [tɑ:sk] Tâche, travail

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Plumme [ˈplʌmɪt] tomber, plonger, piquer

Emergence [ɪˈmɜ:dʒəns] émergence

Saddle [ˈsædl] selle

Apparatus [ˌæpəˈrætəs] Equipement, appareil

Widespread [ˈwaɪdspred] (très) répandu

Unauthorized [ˌʌnˈɔ:θəraɪzd] non autorisé, fait sans

autorisation

Dependent [dɪˈpendənt] dépendant

Graduation [ˌgrædʒʊˈeɪʃn] graduation

To be bankrupt [ˈbæŋkrʌpt] être en faillite

Pervasive [pəˈveɪsɪv] envahissant, omniprésent

Siphon [ˈsaɪfn] Siphonner, transférer,

détourner
Trimming [ˈtrɪmɪŋ] Parement, passement, chute

To bolster [ˈbəʊlstəɼ] soutenir

To promote [prəˈməʊt] promouvoir

Detroit’s public schools

Problems

 Detroit’s public school: -mismanaged

-abandoned

 Children dropout school

 Widespread corruption
 The system is academically bankrupt
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  Miserable academic performance
 Graduation rate: 58%
 The number of students : plummeted from167,000 to 84,600
causes
 The emergence of charter schools and the middle class’s exodus to the suburbs.

 Erode revenues of a school system $ 219 million budget deficit

Situation in Detroit
 Poverty and unemployment
 Adults: lacking the basic skills to qualify for the high-tech job

Solutions
 Trimming the system’s job rolls from 14,000 to 13,000
 Closing some of the district’s schools
 Volunteers: helping kids to read
 Drafting broad academic reforms

 To bolster school administrator, teacher and student performance

 Establishing system wide standards in the educational system
 Prodding parents to get their kids to school

Summary

The article tackles the problem of the financial crisis that has devastated the
Detroit public-school system.

The striking fact is that in Detroit the poverty and unemployment are far more
pervasive than in most other major Americans cities. Besides, many adults lack the basic
skills to qualify for the high-tech job.

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 Moreover, the writer makes it clear that the Detroit’s public schools are
mismanaged and abandoned due to the widespread corruption in the educational system. In
addition to that, the author points out that the number of Detroit public –school students has
plummeted from more than a half owing to the emergence of charter schools and the middle
class’s exodus to the suburbs. As a result, the school system has a $ 219 million budget
deficit.

Nevertheless, the solutions to end the financial crisis in Detroit’s public-schools

and to reduce the budget deficit is to close some of the district’s schools, to prod parents to get
their kids to school and to give academic reforms in order to bolster teacher and student
performance.

In a nutshell, the writer draws our attention to the fact that we should improve the
system’s miserable academic performance by establishing system wide standards in the
students’ education.

The new slave trade

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Time, January 18, 2010

Key words
slave [sleɪv] Esclave

poverty [ˈpɒvətɪ] pauvreté

To cling [klɪŋ] s'accrocher, se cramponner

crack [kræk] fêlure

straight [streɪt] droit

hostage [ˈhɒstɪdʒ] otage

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To lure [ljʊəɼ] attirer

bondage [ˈbɒndɪdʒ] Esclavage, servitude

thriving [ˈθraɪvɪŋ] prospère, florissant

To ensnare [ɪnˈsneəɼ] prendre au piège

To collude [kəˈlu:d] être de connivence

to recruit [rɪˈkru:t] recruter, embaucher

To preach [pri:tʃ] prêcher

commonplace [ˈkɒmənpleɪs] banalité

procedure [prəˈsi:dʒəɼ] procédure

piecemeal [ˈpi:smi:l] peu à peu, petit à petit,

fragmentaire
goal [gəʊl] but, objectif

Modern-day slaves in South Africa

Problems in South Africa
 Thousands of women and girls: held as modern-day slaves and forced into
prostitution.
 Slaves: forced to perform services for no pay beyond subsistence.
Coming from the poorest families in South Africa
Fallen below the poverty line, more than a quarter have HIV depending
on governments grants
 In South Africa, tens of thousands of children become ensnared in sexual slavery:
Child sold for $ 45
38,000 children: trapped in the sex trade

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 500 small-scale trafficking syndicates colluded with South African
partners (recruiters and corrupt police officials) to enslave local victims
 Hotels identified as a base of drug-and human-trafficking operations.

Solutions
international conventions banning slavery
slavery: forbiden in the South African
constitution
traffickers: tipped off during the police raids
The police: rescued dozen of underage girls
and seized weapons.
putting systems in place to prevent sex
trafficking.
Obama: pleged to make the fight to abolish
modern-day slavery a top foreign policy priority
Resistance
South Africa: no stand-alone law against
human trafficking
officials: colluded with the traffickers
South African Parlament passed
comprehensive law against human
trafficking

No action from the South African governments

Summary

The article focuses on the controversial issue of the modern-day slaves in South
Africa.

The striking fact is that thousands of women and girls are held as modern-day
slaves and they come from the poorest provinces in South Africa. In addition to that, most of
them fell below the poverty line, more than a quarter have HIV, and most survive by clinging
to government grants.

Moreover, the writer introduces the idea that tens of thousands of children
become ensnared in sexual slavery, than he moves on to facts and figures to illustrate that the
phenomenon is very widespread. Indeed, many children are trapped in the sex trade.
Furthermore, small-scale trafficking syndicates coming from different countries collude with
South African partners, including recruiters and corrupt police officials, to enslave local
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victims. However, the constitution expressly forbids slavery. Besides, international
conventions ban slavery.

On the one hand, the police tipped off traffickers during the police raids and
managed to rescue dozen of underage girls and seized weapons. Moreover, Obama pledge to
make the fight to abolish modern-day slavery a top foreign policy priority by putting systems
in place to prevent sex trafficking.

On the other hand, South Africa has no stand-alone law against human
trafficking. Besides, officials collude with the traffickers. Furthermore, the Parliament passed
a comprehensive law against human trafficking.

As a matter of conclusion, the author underlines that enterprising police officers

who take on human traffickers do so with few legal tools at their disposal and there is no
action from the part of the South African government’s.

Beyond Copenhagen

Time, December 14, 2009

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 Key words
Summit [ˈsʌmɪt] sommet

To reduce [rɪˈdju:s] réduire, diminuer

To unfurl [ˌʌnˈfɜ:l] déferler, déployer

To scramble [ˈskræmbl] Se précipiter

agreement [əˈgri:mənt] accord

To spin [spɪn] lancer, faire tournoyer, faire

tourner
slavishly [ˈsleɪvɪʃlɪ] comme un forçat,
servilement

To endorse [ɪnˈdɔ:s] Endosser, apposer sa

signature sur
mean [mi:n] avare, radin, pingre

mandate [ˈmændeɪt] mandat

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goal [gəʊl] objectif

To slap [slæp] Donner une claque à

To provide [prəˈvaɪd] pourvoir, fournir

Roughly [ˈrʌflɪ] avec brutalité, brutalement,

grossièrement
Coal [kəʊl] charbon

Plea [pli:] Appel, argument, défense

grid [grɪd] Grille, zone quadrillée

breakthrough [ˈbreɪkθru:] Découverte, percée

Climate change summit

Facts
 Half the world’s electricity comes from coal
 In emerging economies like those of China and India: closed to 80%.

Way of rising out of poverty

Damaging effects
 Cost the world close to $3 trillion a year

Aim
 Keeping average global temperatures from rising
 Reducing greenhouse-gas emissions

Solutions

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 Industrial nations Technology

 Setting up a huge tax on  Maintaining economic growth

carbon-emitting fuels.  Developing alternative energy
 Making fossil fuels more sources =>providing 20 times
expensive the energy we do now
 Alternative energy cheaper by
the increase in spending on R
and D

No change: political leaders: offering promises empty

agreements

Summary

The article focuses on the controversial issue of the climate-change summit

which took place in Copenhagen.

The writer draws our attention to the fact that the only way to stop global
warming is by means of draconian reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Unfortunately,
about half the world’s electricity comes from coal. In addition to that, for emerging
economies like those of China and India, the proportion is close to 80%. Indeed, burning
carbon-emitting fuels is the only way for such countries to rise out of poverty.

Furthermore, the author moves on to the aim of this climate-change summit

which is keeping average global temperatures from rising any higher than 2°C above
preindustrial levels.

As a solution, the industrial nations decided, on the one hand, to set up a huge tax
on carbon-emitting fuels in order to make fossil fuels more expensive and on the other hand,
they took in consideration the technology. Moreover, the innovation is a significant way to
maintain the economic growth. Besides, we would have to develop alternative-energy sources
in order to provide 20 times the energy we do now. In other words, we will have to increase in
spending on research and development as to make the alternative energy cheaper.

Actually, the author draws our attention on the fact that we should embrace a
positive path of innovation.

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 As a matter of conclusion, he underlines that our political leaders continue to
offer up fanciful promises that have no chance to be fulfilled.

Bibliography

A river ran through it, Time, December 14, 2009

Cleanup artist , Time, January 12, 2010
The new slave trade, Time, January 18, 2010
Beyond Copenhagen, Time, December 14, 2009

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